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NOTE 1 ORGANIZATION General General Growth Properties, Inc. ("GGP"), a Delaware corporation, is a self-administered and self-managed real estate investment trust, referred to as a "REIT" which, as described in "Debtors in Possession" below, filed for bankruptcy protection under Chapter 11 of Title 11 of the United States Code ("Chapter 11") in the Southern District of New York (the "Bankruptcy Court") on April 16, 2009 (the "Petition Date"). GGP was organized in 1986 and through its subsidiaries and affiliates operates, manages, develops and acquires retail and other rental properties, primarily shopping centers, which are located primarily throughout the United States. GGP also holds assets through its international Unconsolidated Real Estate Affiliates (defined below) in Brazil, Turkey and Costa Rica (Note 5). Additionally, GGP develops and sells land for residential, commercial and other uses primarily in large-scale, long-term master planned community projects in and around Columbia, Maryland; Summerlin, Nevada; and Houston, Texas, as well as one residential condominium project located in Natick (Boston), Massachusetts. In these notes, the terms "we," "us" and "our" refer to GGP and its subsidiaries (the "Company"). Substantially all of our business is conducted through GGP Limited Partnership (the "Operating Partnership" or "GGPLP"). As of December 31, 2009, common equity ownership (without giving effect to the potential conversion of the Preferred Units as defined below) of the Operating Partnership was as follows:
The Operating Partnership also has preferred units of limited partnership interest (the "Preferred Units") outstanding. The terms of the Preferred Units provide that the Preferred Units are convertible into Common Units which then are redeemable for cash or, at our option, shares of GGP common stock on a one-for-one basis (Note 11). In addition to holding ownership interests in various joint ventures, the Operating Partnership generally conducts its operations through the following subsidiaries:
In this report, we refer to our ownership interests in properties in which we own a majority or controlling interest and, as a result, are consolidated under generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") as the "Consolidated Properties." Some properties are held through joint venture entities in which we own a non-controlling interest ("Unconsolidated Real Estate Affiliates") and we refer to those properties as the "Unconsolidated Properties." Collectively, we refer to the Consolidated Properties and Unconsolidated Properties as our "Company Portfolio." Debtors in Possession In the fourth quarter of 2008 we suspended our cash dividend and halted or slowed nearly all development and redevelopment projects other than those that were substantially complete, could not be deferred as a result of contractual commitments, and joint venture projects. As we had significant past due, or imminently due, and cross-collateralized or cross-defaulted debt on the Petition Date, the Company, the Operating Partnership and certain of the Company's domestic subsidiaries filed voluntary petitions for relief under Chapter 11. On April 22, 2009, certain additional domestic subsidiaries (collectively with the subsidiaries filing on the Petition Date, the Company and the Operating Partnership, the "Debtors") of the Company also filed voluntary petitions for relief in the Bankruptcy Court (collectively, the "Chapter 11 Cases") which the Bankruptcy Court has ruled may be jointly administered. However, neither GGMI, certain of our wholly-owned subsidiaries, nor any of our joint ventures, (collectively, the "Non-Debtors") either consolidated or unconsolidated, have sought such protection. In the aggregate, the Debtors, all of which are consolidated in the accompanying consolidated financial statements, own and operate 166 of the more than 200 regional shopping centers that we own and manage. The Non-Debtors are continuing their operations and are not subject to the requirements of Chapter 11. Pursuant to Chapter 11, a debtor is afforded certain protection against its creditors and creditors are prohibited from taking certain actions (such as pursuing collection efforts or proceeding to foreclose on secured obligations) related to debts that were owed prior to the commencement of the Chapter 11 Cases. Accordingly, although the commencement of the Chapter 11 Cases triggered defaults on substantially all debt obligations of the Debtors, creditors are stayed from taking any action as a result of such defaults. Absent an order of the Bankruptcy Court, these pre-petition liabilities are subject to settlement under a plan of reorganization. Since the Petition Date, the Bankruptcy Court has granted a variety of Debtors motions that allow the Company to continue to operate its business in the ordinary course without interruption; and covering, among other things, employee obligations, critical service providers, tax matters, insurance matters, tenant and contractor obligations, claim settlements, ordinary course property sales, cash management, cash collateral, alternative dispute resolution, settlement of pre-petition mechanics liens and department store transactions. The Bankruptcy Court has also approved the Debtors' request to enter into a post-petition financing arrangement (the "DIP Facility"), as further discussed in Note 6. During December 2009, January and February 2010, 231 Debtors (the "Track 1 Debtors") owning 119 properties with $12.33 billion of secured mortgage loans filed consensual plans of reorganization (the "Track 1 Plans"). As of December 31, 2009, 113 Debtors owning 50 properties with $4.65 billion secured debt emerged from bankruptcy (the "Track 1A Debtors"). Effectiveness of the plans of reorganization and emergence from bankruptcy of the remaining Track 1 Debtors (the "Track 1B Debtors") continued through February 2010 and is expected to be completed in the first quarter of 2010. In such regard, through March 1, 2010, an additional 92 Debtors owning 57 properties with $5.98 billion of secured mortgage debt emerged from bankruptcy. The Chapter 11 Cases for the remaining Debtors (generally, GGP, GGPLP and other holding company or investment subsidiaries (the "TopCo Debtors") which own certain individual or groups of properties but also certain operating property Debtors, (collectively, the "2010 Track Debtors")) will continue until their respective plans of reorganization are filed with the Bankruptcy Court, approved by the applicable classes of creditors and confirmed by the Bankruptcy Court. GGP is continuing to pursue consensual restructurings for 31 Debtors (the "Remaining Secured Debtors") with secured loans aggregating $2.50 billion. On December 18, 2009, the Bankruptcy Court approved the payment of a $0.19 per share dividend to holders of record of GGP common stock on December 28, 2009 as declared by the GGP Board of Directors to allow GGP to satisfy the REIT dividend distribution requirements (Note 7) for 2009. The dividend was paid on January 28, 2010 in a combination of approximately $5.9 million in cash and approximately 4.9 million shares of common stock (with a valuation of $10.8455 calculated based on the volume weighted average trading prices of GGP's common stock on January 20, 21 and 22, 2010). As described above, we have received legal protection from our creditors pursuant to the Chapter 11 Cases. This protection is limited in duration and the 2010 Track Debtors are currently negotiating the terms of a reorganization plan with our lenders and other stakeholders which is expected to require significant additional equity capital. The Track 1 Plans are a key component of the plan of reorganization currently being developed. We have filed a motion to extend the exclusivity period for us to file a plan until August 26, 2010 and to solicit acceptances of such plan to October 26, 2010. Our motion is currently scheduled to be heard by the Bankruptcy Court on March 3, 2010. Pending entry on order on our motion, the Bankruptcy Court has entered a bridge order extending the exclusivity period until the date that is 7 days following the date on which an order on our extension motion is entered. If an order is entered by the Bankruptcy Court granting our extension motion, it will supersede the bridge order. If the Bankruptcy Court denies our extension motion, the Company will have 7 days following the entry of an order related to the March 3 hearing before exclusivity expires. If we do not file a plan of reorganization for the 2010 Track Debtors prior to the lapse of the exclusivity period, any party in interest would be able to file a plan of reorganization for any of the 2010 Track Debtors. Our potential inability to negotiate and obtain confirmation of a mutually agreeable plan of reorganization for the 2010 Track Debtors and to address our remaining future debt maturities raise substantial doubts as to our ability to continue as a going concern. The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America applicable to a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. However, as a result of the Chapter 11 Cases, such realization of assets and satisfaction of liabilities are subject to a significant number of uncertainties. Our consolidated financial statements do not reflect any adjustments related to the recoverability of assets and satisfaction of liabilities that might be necessary should we be unable to continue as a going concern. Shareholder Rights Plan We have a shareholder rights plan (with an expiration date, as amended, of the plan on November 18, 2010) which will impact a potential acquirer unless the acquirer negotiates with our Board of Directors and the Board of Directors approves the transaction. Pursuant to this plan, as amended, one preferred share purchase right (a "Right") is attached to each currently outstanding or subsequently issued share of our common stock. Prior to becoming exercisable, the Rights trade together with our common stock. In general, the Rights will become exercisable if a person or group acquires or announces a tender or exchange offer for 15% or more of our common stock. Each Right entitles the holder to purchase from GGP one-third of one-thousandth of a share of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock, par value $100 per share (the "Preferred Stock"), at an exercise price of $105 per one one-thousandth of a share, subject to adjustment. If a person or group acquires 15% or more of our common stock, each Right will entitle the holder (other than the acquirer) to purchase shares of our common stock (or, in certain circumstances, cash or other securities) having a market value of twice the exercise price of a Right at such time. Under certain circumstances, each Right will entitle the holder (other than the acquirer) to purchase the common stock held by the acquirer having a market value of twice the exercise price of a Right at such time. In addition, under certain circumstances, our Board of Directors may exchange each Right (other than those held by the acquirer) for one share of our common stock, subject to adjustment. If the Rights become exercisable, holders of common units of partnership interest in the Operating Partnership, other than GGP, will receive the number of Rights they would have received if their units had been redeemed and the purchase price paid in our common stock. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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NOTE 2 SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Principles of Consolidation The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of GGP, our subsidiaries and joint ventures in which we have a controlling interest. For consolidated joint ventures, the noncontrolling partner's share of the assets, liabilities and operations of the joint ventures (generally computed as the joint venture partner's ownership percentage) is included in noncontrolling interests in Consolidated Real Estate Affiliates as permanent equity of the Company. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. Reclassifications and Adoption of New Accounting Pronouncements Certain amounts in the 2008 and 2007 consolidated financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation. In addition, as of January 1, 2009 we adopted the following two accounting pronouncements that required retrospective application, in which all periods presented reflect the necessary changes. As of January 1, 2009, we retrospectively adopted a new generally accepted accounting principle related to convertible debt instruments that may be settled in cash upon conversion, which required us to separately account for the liability and equity components of our Exchangeable Senior Notes (the "Exchangeable Notes") in a manner that reflects the nonconvertible debt borrowing rate when interest cost is recognized in subsequent periods. The impact of the required retrospective application of this pronouncement on our consolidated financial statements is that the Exchangeable Notes have been reflected as originally being issued at a discount, with such discount being reflected through April, 2012 as a non-cash increase in interest expense. Below is a summary of the effects of the retrospective application of this pronouncement on the consolidated financial statements and the Exchangeable Notes.
As of January 1, 2009, we retrospectively adopted a new generally accepted accounting principle related to noncontrolling interests in consolidated financial statements, which changed the reporting for minority interests in our consolidated joint ventures by re-characterizing them as noncontrolling interests and re-classifying certain of such minority interests as a component of permanent equity in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. The minority interests related to our common and preferred Operating Partnership units have been re-characterized as redeemable noncontrolling interests and will remain as temporary equity at a mezzanine level in our Consolidated Balance Sheets presented at the greater of the carrying amount adjusted for the noncontrolling interest's share of the allocation of income or loss (and its share of other comprehensive income or loss) and dividends or the Fair Value (as defined below) as of each measurement date subsequent to the measurement date. Fair Value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date ("Fair Value"). The excess of the Fair Value over the carrying amount from period to period is charged to Additional paid-in capital in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. This also changed the presentation of the income allocated to minority interests by re-characterizing it as allocations to noncontrolling interests and re-classifying such income as an adjustment to net income to arrive at net income attributable to common stockholders. As of June 30, 2009, we adopted a new generally accepted accounting principle related to subsequent events which provides guidance on our assessment of subsequent events. The new standard clarifies that we must evaluate, as of each reporting period, events or transactions that occur after the balance sheet date through the date that the financial statements are issued. We performed our assessment of subsequent events and all material events or transactions since December 31, 2009 have been integrated into our disclosures in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. Accounting for Reorganization The accompanying consolidated financial statements and the combined condensed financial statements of the Debtors presented below have been prepared in accordance with the generally accepted accounting principles related to financial reporting by entities in reorganization under the Bankruptcy Code, and on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. Such accounting guidance also provides that if a debtor, or group of debtors, has significant combined assets and liabilities of entities which have not sought Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection, the debtors and non-debtors should continue to be combined. However, separate disclosure of financial statement information solely relating to the debtor entities should be presented. Therefore, the combined condensed financial statements presented below solely reflect the results for the Track 1B Debtors and the 2010 Track Debtors.
As described above, since the Track 1B Debtors and the 2010 Track Debtors commenced their respective Chapter 11 Cases on two different dates in April 2009, combined condensed statements of operations and the combined condensed statement of cash flows is presented from May 1, 2009 to December 31, 2009. Combined Condensed Statement of Operations
Pre-Petition Date claims and Classification of Liabilities Subject to Compromise During September 2009, the Debtors filed with the Bankruptcy Court their schedules of the assets and liabilities existing on the Petition Date. In addition, November 12, 2009 was established by the Bankruptcy Court as the general bar date (the date by which most entities that wished to assert a pre-petition claim against a Debtor had to file a proof of claim in writing). The Debtors have made subsequent amendments to those schedules and, as the bar date has passed, are now in the process of evaluating, reconciling and resolving all claims that were timely submitted. The substantial majority of the claims submitted were erroneous, duplicative or protective and the Debtors have filed, and will continue to file, claim objections with the Bankruptcy Court. Claim objections, that is, differences between liability amounts estimated by the Debtors and claims submitted by creditors that cannot be resolved, will be submitted to the Bankruptcy Court which will make a final determination of the allowable claim. The Track 1 Plans provide that all allowed claims, that is, undisputed or Bankruptcy Court affirmed claims of creditors against the Track 1 Debtors, are to be paid in full. Our aggregate liabilities (consisting of Liabilities Subject to Compromise ("LSTC") and not subject to compromise as further described below) include provisions for claims against both the Track 1 Debtors and the 2010 Track Debtors that were timely submitted to the Bankruptcy Court and have been recorded, as appropriate, based upon the GAAP guidance for the recognition of contingent liabilities and on our evaluations of such claims. Accordingly, although submitted proofs of claims against all Debtors exceed the amounts recorded for such claims, we currently believe that the aggregate amount of claims recorded by the Debtors will not vary materially from the amount of claims that will ultimately be allowed or resolved by the Bankruptcy Court. Liabilities not subject to compromise include: (1) liabilities held by Non-Debtor and Track 1A Debtor entities; (2) liabilities incurred after the Petition Date; (3) pre-petition liabilities that the Track 1B Debtors and the 2010 Track Debtors expect to pay in full, even though certain of these amounts may not be paid until after the applicable Debtor's plan of reorganization is effective; and (4) liabilities related to pre-petition contracts that affirmatively have not been rejected. Unsecured liabilities not subject to compromise as of December 31, 2009 with respect to the Track 1A Debtors are reflected at the current estimate of the probable amounts to be paid. However, the amounts of such unsecured liabilities related to the associated liabilities not subject to compromise resolved or allowed by the Bankruptcy Court (and therefore paid at 100% pursuant to the Track 1 Plans) has not yet been determined. In such regard, during February 2010, payments commenced on the Track 1 Debtor claims, a process expected to continue for several months as the amounts to be allowed are confirmed by the Bankruptcy Court. With respect to secured liabilities, GAAP bankruptcy guidance provides that Track 1A Debtor mortgage loans should be recorded at their estimated Fair Value upon emergence. A discount of approximately $342.2 million was recorded on such $4.65 billion of secured debt, with the resulting gain classified as a reorganization item. This discount will be accreted on an effective yield basis into interest expense in future periods as a non-cash item until maturity of the related debt obligation. In certain cases, either due to loan modifications which provide, with respect to the Special Consideration Properties (as defined in Note 6), the right to satisfy our obligations to the applicable mortgage lender by assigning title to the property to such lender or due to the non-recourse nature of the loans, the estimated Fair Value of the debt was set to the estimated Fair Value of the property. Similar gains will be recorded in the first quarter of 2010 with respect to the $7.69 billion of mortgage loans related to the Track 1B Debtors that have emerged or will emerge from bankruptcy in 2010. All liabilities incurred prior to the Petition Date other than those specified immediately above are considered LSTC. The amounts of the various categories of liabilities that are subject to compromise are set forth below. As described above, these amounts represent the Company's estimates of known or potential pre-petition claims that are likely to be resolved in connection with the Chapter 11 Cases. Such claims remain subject to future adjustments which may result from 2010 Track Debtor/creditor negotiations, actions of the Bankruptcy Court, rejection of executory contracts and unexpired leases, the determination as to the value of any collateral securing claims, amended proofs of claim, or other events. There can be no assurance that the liabilities represented by claims against a particular 2010 Track Debtor will not be found to exceed the Fair Value of its respective assets. This could result in claims being paid at less than 100% of their face value and the equity of the applicable 2010 Track Debtor being diluted or eliminated entirely. The amounts subject to compromise consisted of the following items:
The classification of liabilities as LSTC or as liabilities not subject to compromise is based on currently available information and analysis. As the Chapter 11 Cases proceed and additional information is received and analysis is completed, or as the Bankruptcy Court rules on relevant matters, the classification of amounts between LSTC and liabilities not subject to compromise may change. The amount of any such changes could be material. Reorganization Items Reorganization items under the Chapter 11 Cases are expense or income items that were incurred or realized by the Debtors as a result of the Chapter 11 Cases and are presented separately in the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income and in the condensed combined statements of operations of the Debtors presented above. These items include professional fees and similar types of expenses and gains directly related to the Chapter 11 Cases, resulting from activities of the reorganization process, and interest earned on cash accumulated by the Debtors as a result of the Chapter 11 Cases. Unless property-specific or expressly allocated, reorganization items have been considered to be exclusively TopCo Debtor items. With respect to certain retained professionals, the terms of engagement and the timing of payment for services rendered are subject to approval by the Bankruptcy Court. In addition, certain of these retained professionals have agreements that provide for success or completion fees that are payable upon the consummation of specified restructuring or sale transactions. A portion of these success or completion fees, currently estimated at approximately $28.4 million in the aggregate, have been deemed probable of being paid and therefore we accrued $7.2 million related to the period from the date the retention of those professionals was approved by the Bankruptcy Court to our estimated date of successful emergence from bankruptcy. In addition, the key employee incentive program (the "KEIP") was subject to approval by the Bankruptcy Court. The KEIP is intended to retain certain key employees and provides for payment to these employees upon successful emergence from bankruptcy. A portion of the KEIP, currently estimated at approximately $131 million in the aggregate, has been deemed probable of being paid and therefore, as of December 31, 2009, we have accrued $27.5 million related to the period from the date approved by the Bankruptcy Court to our estimated date of successful emergence from bankruptcy. Although the amount of the KEIP payment is technically uncapped, we estimate the cost to be in the range from zero to approximately $160 million. Reorganization items are as follows:
Properties Real estate assets are stated at cost less any provisions for impairments. Construction and improvement costs incurred in connection with the development of new properties or the redevelopment of existing properties are capitalized to the extent the total carrying amount of the property does not exceed the estimated Fair Value of the completed property. Real estate taxes and interest costs incurred during construction periods are capitalized. Capitalized interest costs are based on qualified expenditures and interest rates in place during the construction period. Capitalized real estate taxes and interest costs are amortized over lives which are consistent with the constructed assets. Pre-development costs, which generally include legal and professional fees and other directly-related third-party costs, are capitalized as part of the property being developed. In the event a development is no longer deemed to be probable, the costs previously capitalized are expensed (see also our impairment policies in this Note 2 below). Tenant improvements, either paid directly or in the form of construction allowances paid to tenants, are capitalized and depreciated over the applicable lease term. Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense when incurred. Expenditures for significant betterments and improvements are capitalized. Depreciation or amortization expense is computed using the straight-line method based upon the following estimated useful lives:
Impairment Operating properties, land held for development and sale and developments in progress The generally accepted accounting principles related to accounting for the impairment or disposal of long-lived assets require that if impairment indicators exist and the undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by an asset are less than its carrying amount, an impairment provision should be recorded to write down the carrying amount of such asset to its Fair Value. We review our consolidated and unconsolidated real estate assets, including operating properties, land held for development and sale and developments in progress, for potential impairment indicators whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. Impairment indicators for our retail and other segment are assessed separately for each property and include, but are not limited to, significant decreases in real estate property net operating income and occupancy percentages. Impairment indicators for our Master Planned Communities segment are assessed separately for each community and include, but are not limited to, significant decreases in sales pace or average selling prices, significant increases in expected land development and construction costs or cancellation rates, and projected losses on expected future sales. Impairment indicators for pre-development costs, which are typically costs incurred during the beginning stages of a potential development, and developments in progress are assessed by project and include, but are not limited to, significant changes in projected completion dates, revenues or cash flows, development costs, market factors and sustainability of development projects. If an indicator of potential impairment exists, the asset is tested for recoverability by comparing its carrying amount to the estimated future undiscounted cash flow. The cash flow estimates used both for determining recoverability and estimating Fair Value are inherently judgmental and reflect current and projected trends in rental, occupancy and capitalization rates, and estimated holding periods for the applicable assets. Although the estimated value of certain assets may be exceeded by the carrying amount, a real estate asset is only considered to be impaired when its carrying amount cannot be recovered through estimated future undiscounted cash flows. To the extent an impairment provision is necessary; the excess of the carrying amount of the asset over its estimated Fair Value is expensed to operations. In addition, the impairment provision is allocated proportionately to adjust the carrying amount of the asset. The adjusted carrying amount, which represents the new cost basis of the asset, is depreciated over the remaining useful life of the asset. In 2009, the holding periods for the Special Consideration Properties were reduced to either reflect our probable transfer of such properties to the lender in satisfaction of the secured debt obligation or a change in the estimated holding period with respect to such property in conjunction with the development of our overall plan of reorganization. We recorded impairment charges related to our operating properties, land held for development and sale, and properties under development of $1.08 billion, $83.8 million and $130.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, as presented in the table below. All of these impairment charges are included in provisions for impairment in our consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007. Investment in Unconsolidated Real Estate Affiliates In accordance with the generally accepted accounting principles related to the equity method of accounting for investments, a series of operating losses of an investee or other factors may indicate that a decrease in value of our investment in the Unconsolidated Real Estate Affiliates has occurred which is other-than-temporary. The investment in each of the Unconsolidated Real Estate Affiliates is evaluated periodically and as deemed necessary for recoverability and valuation declines that are other than temporary. Accordingly, in addition to the property-specific impairment analysis that we perform on the investment properties, land held for development and sale and developments in progress owned by such joint ventures (as part of our investment property impairment process described above), we also considered the ownership and distribution preferences and limitations and rights to sell and repurchase our ownership interests. We recorded impairment charges related to our investments in Circle T Power Center and The Shops at Circle T Ranch joint venture of $10.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2009 to write these investments down to their estimated Fair Value. Based on such evaluations, no provisions for impairment were recorded for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007 related to our investments in Unconsolidated Real Estate Affiliates. See Note 5 for further disclosure of the provisions for impairment related to certain properties within our Unconsolidated Real Estate Affiliates. Goodwill The excess of the cost of an acquired entity over the net of the amounts assigned to assets acquired (including identified intangible assets) and liabilities assumed was recorded as goodwill. Goodwill has been recognized and allocated to specific properties in our Retail and Other Segment since each individual rental property or each operating property is an operating segment and considered a reporting unit. The generally accepted accounting principles related to goodwill and other intangible assets states that goodwill should be tested for impairment annually or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired. As of the end of each quarter in 2009, we performed impairment tests on goodwill as changes in current market and economic conditions during each of the quarters in 2009 indicated an impairment of the asset might have occurred. We perform this test by first comparing the estimated Fair Value of each property with our book value of the property, including, if applicable, its allocated portion of aggregate goodwill. We assess Fair Value based on estimated future cash flow projections that utilize discount and capitalization rates which are generally unobservable in the market place (Level 3 inputs) under these principles, but approximate the inputs we believe would be utilized by market participants in assessing fair value. Estimates of future cash flows are based on a number of factors including the historical operating results, known trends, and market/economic conditions. If the carrying amount of a property, including its goodwill, exceeds its estimated Fair Value, the second step of the goodwill impairment test is performed to measure the amount of impairment loss, if any. In this second step, if the implied Fair Value of goodwill is less than the carrying amount of goodwill, an impairment charge is recorded. Based on our testing methodology, we recorded provisions for impairment of goodwill for the years ended December 31, 2009 and 2008, as presented in the table below. No provisions for impairment of goodwill were recorded for the year ended December 31, 2007.
Summary of all Impairment Provisions:
General Certain of our properties had Fair Values less than their carrying amounts. However, based on the Company's plans with respect to those properties, we believe that the carrying amounts are recoverable and therefore, under applicable GAAP guidance, no additional impairments were taken. Nonetheless, due to the tight credit markets, the recent and continuing decline in our market capitalization, the uncertain economic environment, as well as other uncertainties, or if our plans regarding our assets change, additional impairment charges in the future could result. Therefore, we can provide no assurance that material impairment charges with respect to operating properties, Unconsolidated Real Estate Affiliates, construction in progress, property held for development and sale or goodwill will not occur in future periods. Accordingly, we will continue to monitor circumstances and events in future periods to determine whether additional impairments are warranted. Acquisitions of Operating Properties Acquisitions of properties are accounted for utilizing the purchase method and, accordingly, the results of operations of acquired properties are included in our results of operations from the respective dates of acquisition. Estimates of future cash flows and other valuation techniques are used to allocate the purchase price of acquired property between land, buildings and improvements, equipment, debt liabilities assumed and identifiable intangible assets and liabilities such as amounts related to in-place at-market tenant leases, acquired above and below-market tenant and ground leases and tenant relationships. Due to existing contacts and relationships with tenants at our currently owned properties and at properties currently managed for others, no significant value has been ascribed to the tenant relationships at the acquired properties. As of January 1, 2009, we adopted a new generally accepted accounting principle related to business combinations, which will change how business acquisitions are accounted for and will impact the financial statements both on the acquisition date and in subsequent periods. Investments in Unconsolidated Real Estate Affiliates We account for investments in joint ventures where we own a non-controlling joint interest using the equity method. Under the equity method, the cost of our investment is adjusted for our share of the equity in earnings of such Unconsolidated Real Estate Affiliates from the date of acquisition and reduced by distributions received. Generally, the operating agreements with respect to our Unconsolidated Real Estate Affiliates provide that assets, liabilities and funding obligations are shared in accordance with our ownership percentages. Therefore, we generally also share in the profit and losses, cash flows and other matters relating to our Unconsolidated Real Estate Affiliates in accordance with our respective ownership percentages. Except for Retained Debt (as described in Note 5), differences between the carrying amount of our investment in the Unconsolidated Real Estate Affiliates and our share of the underlying equity of such Unconsolidated Real Estate Affiliates is amortized over lives ranging from five to forty five years. When cumulative distributions exceed our investment in the joint venture, the investment is reported as a liability in our consolidated financial statements. For those joint ventures where we own less than approximately a 5% interest and have virtually no influence on the joint venture's operating and financial policies, we account for our investments using the cost method. Cash and Cash Equivalents Highly-liquid investments with maturities at dates of purchase of three months or less are classified as cash equivalents. Leases Leases which transfer substantially all the risks and benefits of ownership to tenants are considered finance leases and the present values of the minimum lease payments and the estimated residual values of the leased properties, if any, are accounted for as receivables. Leases which transfer substantially all the risks and benefits of ownership to us are considered capital leases and the present values of the minimum lease payments are accounted for as assets and liabilities. Deferred Expenses Deferred expenses consist principally of financing fees and leasing costs and commissions. Deferred financing fees are amortized to interest expense using the effective interest method (or other methods which approximate the effective interest method) over the terms of the respective financing agreements. Deferred leasing costs and commissions are amortized using the straight-line method over periods that approximate the related lease terms. Deferred expenses in our Consolidated Balance Sheets are shown at cost, net of accumulated amortization, and were $266.2 million as of December 31, 2009 and $256.8 million as of December 31, 2008. Noncontrolling interests—Common (Note 12) Generally, the holders of the Common Units share equally with our common stockholders on a per share basis in any distributions by the Operating Partnership on the basis that one Common Unit is equivalent to one share of GGP common stock. However, the Operating Partnership agreement permits distributions solely to GGP if such distributions are required to allow GGP to comply with the REIT distribution requirements or to avoid the imposition of excise tax (Note 7). Under certain circumstances, the Common Units (other than Common Units held by the parties to the Rights Agreement dated July 27, 1993, as described below) can be redeemed at the option of the holders for cash or, at our election, shares of GGP common stock on a one-for-one basis. Upon receipt of a request for redemption by a holder of such Common Units, the Company, as general partner of the Operating Partnership, has the option to pay the redemption price for such Common Units with shares of common stock of the Company (subject to certain conditions), or in cash, on a one-for-one basis with a cash redemption price equivalent to the market price of one share of common stock of the Company at the time of redemption. Parties to the Rights Agreement dated July 27, 1993 (the "Rights Agreement") have the right to redeem the Common Units covered by such agreement for shares of GGP Common Stock on a one-for-one basis until they and certain affiliates own 25% of the outstanding shares of GGP Common Stock, at which point such parties have the right, subject to certain limitations, to require the Company to purchase any additional Common Units subject to the agreement. The Company may elect to pay for such Common Units in cash, or in shares of GGP Common Stock at the Company's election subject to certain limitations. All prior requests for redemption of Common Units have been fulfilled with shares of the Company's common stock. Notwithstanding this historical practice, the aggregate amount of cash that would have been paid to the holders of the outstanding Common Units as of December 31, 2009 if such holders had requested redemption of the Common Units as of December 31, 2009, and all such Common Units were redeemed (or purchased in the case of the Rights Agreement) for cash, would have been $86.1 million. As a result of the Chapter 11 Cases, we currently cannot redeem Common Units for cash or shares of GGP common stock. In addition, the conditions necessary to issue GGP common stock upon redemption of Common Units are not currently satisfied. GAAP provides that the redeemable noncontrolling interests are to be presented in our Consolidated Balance Sheets at the greater of Fair Value (the conversion value of the units based on the stock price) or the carrying amount of the units. The applicable stock price was $11.56 and $1.29 per share at December 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008, respectively. Accordingly, the redeemable noncontrolling interests have been presented at Fair Value at December 31, 2009 and carrying amount at December 31, 2008. Treasury Stock We account for repurchases of common stock using the cost method with common stock in treasury classified in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as a reduction of stockholders' equity. Treasury stock is reissued at average cost. Revenue Recognition and Related Matters Minimum rent revenues are recognized on a straight-line basis over the terms of the related leases. Minimum rent revenues also include amounts collected from tenants to allow the termination of their leases prior to their scheduled termination dates and accretion related to above and below-market tenant leases on acquired properties. Termination income recognized for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007 was $23.3 million, $34.9 million and $26.0 million, respectively. Net accretion related to above and below-market tenant leases for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007 was $8.5 million, $15.6 million and $31.0 million, respectively. Straight-line rent receivables, which represent the current net cumulative rents recognized prior to when billed and collectible as provided by the terms of the leases, of $254.7 million as of December 31, 2009 and $228.1 million as of December 31, 2008 are included in Accounts and notes receivable, net in our consolidated financial statements. Percentage rent in lieu of fixed minimum rent received from tenants for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007 was $61.7 million, $50.3 million and $44.3 million, respectively, and is included in Minimum rents in our consolidated financial statements. We provide an allowance for doubtful accounts against the portion of accounts receivable, including straight-line rents, which is estimated to be uncollectible. Such allowances are reviewed periodically based upon our recovery experience. We also evaluate the probability of collecting future rent which is recognized currently under a straight-line methodology. This analysis considers the long-term nature of our leases, as a certain portion of the straight-line rent currently recognizable will not be billed to the tenant until future periods. Our experience relative to unbilled deferred rent receivable is that a certain portion of the amounts recorded as straight-line rental revenue are never collected from (or billed to) tenants due to early lease terminations. For that portion of the otherwise recognizable deferred rent that is not deemed to be probable of collection, no revenue is recognized. Accounts receivable in our Consolidated Balance Sheets are shown net of an allowance for doubtful accounts of $69.2 million as of December 31, 2009, $59.8 million as of December 31, 2008 and $68.6 milion as of December 31, 2007. The following table summarizes the changes in allowance for doubtful accounts:
Overage Rent ("Overage Rent") is paid by a tenant when its sales exceed an agreed upon minimum amount. Overage Rent is calculated by multiplying the sales in excess of the minimum amount by a percentage defined in the lease. Overage Rent is recognized on an accrual basis once tenant sales exceed contractual tenant lease thresholds. Recoveries from tenants are established in the leases or computed based upon a formula related to real estate taxes, insurance and other shopping center operating expenses and are generally recognized as revenues in the period the related costs are incurred. Management and other fees primarily represent management and leasing fees, construction fees, financing fees and fees for other ancillary services performed for the benefit of the Unconsolidated Real Estate Affiliates and for properties owned by third parties (Note 9). Revenues from land sales are recognized using the full accrual method provided that various criteria relating to the terms of the transactions and our subsequent involvement with the land sold are met. Revenues relating to transactions that do not meet the established criteria are deferred and recognized when the criteria are met or using the installment or cost recovery methods, as appropriate in the circumstances. Revenues and cost of sales are recognized on a percentage of completion basis for land sale transactions in which we are required to perform additional services and incur significant costs after title has passed. Cost ratios for land sales are determined as a specified percentage of land sales revenues recognized for each community development project. The cost ratios used are based on actual costs incurred and estimates of future development costs and sales revenues to completion of each project. The ratios are reviewed regularly and revised for changes in sales and cost estimates or development plans. Significant changes in these estimates or development plans, whether due to changes in market conditions or other factors, could result in changes to the cost ratio used for a specific project. The specific identification method is used to determine cost of sales for certain parcels of land, including acquired parcels we do not intend to develop or for which development was complete at the date of acquisition. As of December 31, 2009, there have been 84 unit closings of sales at our 215 unit Nouvelle at Natick residential condominium project. As the threshold for profit recognition on such sales has not yet been achieved, the $36.4 million of sales proceeds received at December 31, 2009 has been deferred and has been reflected within accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities (Note 11). When such thresholds are achieved, the deferred revenue, and the related costs of units sold, will be reflected on the percentage of completion method within our master planned community segment. Income Taxes (Note 7) Deferred income taxes are accounted for using the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements or tax returns and are recorded primarily by certain of our taxable REIT subsidiaries. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. An increase or decrease in the deferred tax liability that results from a change in circumstances, and which causes a change in our judgment about expected future tax consequences of events, is included in the current tax provision. Deferred income taxes also reflect the impact of operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. A valuation allowance is provided if we believe it is more likely than not that all or some portion of the deferred tax asset will not be realized. An increase or decrease in the valuation allowance that results from a change in circumstances, and which causes a change in our judgment about the realizability of the related deferred tax asset, is included in the current tax provision. It is possible that the Company could experience a change in control pursuant to Section 382 that could limit the benefit of deferred tax assets. In addition, we recognize and report interest and penalties, if necessary, related to uncertain tax positions within our provision for income tax expense. In many of our Master Planned Communities, gains with respect to sales of land for commercial use, condominiums or apartments are reported for tax purposes on the percentage of completion method. Under the percentage of completion method, gain is recognized for tax purposes as costs are incurred in satisfaction of contractual obligations. The method used for determining the percentage complete for income tax purposes is different than that used for financial statement purposes. In addition, gains with respect to sales of land for single family residences are reported for tax purposes under the completed contract method. Under the completed contract method, gain is recognized for tax purposes when 95% of the costs of our contractual obligations are incurred or the contractual obligation is transferred. Earnings Per Share ("EPS") Basic earnings per share ("EPS") is computed by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted EPS is computed after adjusting the numerator and denominator of the basic EPS computation for the effects of all potentially dilutive common shares. The dilutive effect of convertible securities is computed using the "if-converted" method and the dilutive effect of options, warrants and their equivalents (including fixed awards and nonvested stock issued under stock-based compensation plans) is computed using the "treasury stock" method. Diluted EPS excludes options where the exercise price was higher than the average market price of our common stock and options for which vesting requirements were not satisfied. Such options totaled 6,207,025 shares as of December 31, 2009, 4,966,829 shares as of December 31, 2008 and 3,754,458 shares as of December 31, 2007. Outstanding Common Units have also been excluded from the diluted earnings per share calculation because including such Common Units would also require that the share of GGPLP income attributable to such Common Units be added back to net income therefore resulting in no effect on EPS. Finally, the Exchangeable Notes that were issued in April 2007 (Note 6) are also excluded from EPS because the conditions for exchange were not satisfied as of December 31, 2008 and were stayed by our Chapter 11 Cases in 2009. Information related to our EPS calculations is summarized as follows:
Derivative Financial Instruments As of January 1, 2009, we adopted the generally accepted accounting principles related to disclosures about derivative instruments and hedging activities which requires qualitative disclosures about objectives and strategies for using derivatives, quantitative disclosures about the Fair Value of and gains and losses on derivative instruments, and disclosures about credit-risk-related contingent features in derivative instruments. We use derivative financial instruments to reduce risk associated with movement in interest rates. We may choose or be required by lenders to reduce cash flow and earnings volatility associated with interest rate risk exposure on variable-rate borrowings and/or forecasted fixed-rate borrowings by entering into interest rate swaps or interest rate caps. We do not use derivative financial instruments for speculative purposes. During the first quarter of 2009, our interest rate swaps no longer qualified as highly effective and therefore no longer qualified for hedge accounting treatment as the Company made the decision not to pay future settlement payments under such swaps. As a result of the terminations of the swaps we incurred termination fees of $34.8 million. Accordingly, we reduced the liability associated with these derivative financial instruments during the first and second quarter of 2009 (included in interest expense in our consolidated financial statements) which resulted in a reduction in interest expense of $27.7 million in 2009. As the interest payments on the hedged debt remain probable, the net balance in the gain or loss in accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income of $(27.7) million that existed as of December 31, 2008 remains in accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income and is amortized to interest expense as the hedged forecasted transactions impact earnings or are deemed probable not to occur. The amortization of the accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income resulted in additional interest expense of $18.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2009. Under interest rate cap agreements, we make initial premium payments to the counterparties in exchange for the right to receive payments from them if interest rates exceed specified levels during the agreement period. Notional principal amounts are used to express the volume of these transactions, but the cash requirements and amounts subject to credit risk are substantially less. We had no interest rate cap derivatives for our Consolidated Properties as of December 31, 2009 while we had three outstanding interest rate cap derivatives that were designated as a cash flow hedge of interest rate risk with a notional value of $1.13 billion as of December 31, 2008. Parties to interest rate exchange agreements are subject to market risk for changes in interest rates and risk of credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the counterparty. We do not require any collateral under these agreements, but deal only with well known financial institution counterparties (which, in certain cases, are also the lenders on the related debt) and expect that all counterparties will meet their obligations. We have not recognized any losses as a result of hedge accounting and the expense that we recognized related to changes in the time value of interest rate cap agreements were insignificant for 2009, 2008 and 2007. Investments in Marketable Securities Most investments in marketable securities are held in an irrevocable trust for participants (employees of a subsidiary acquired in 2004) in a qualified defined contribution pension plan, are classified as trading securities and are carried at Fair Value with changes in values recognized in earnings. Investments in certain marketable debt securities with maturities at dates of purchase in excess of three months are carried at amortized cost as we intend to hold these investments until maturity. Other investments in marketable equity securities subject to significant restrictions on sale or transfer are classified as available-for-sale and are carried at Fair Value with unrealized changes in values recognized in other comprehensive income.
Fair Value Measurements We adopted the generally accepted accounting principles related to Fair Value measurements as of January 1, 2008 for our financial assets and liabilities and, although our disclosures were increased, such adoption did not change our valuation methods for such assets and liabilities. This initial adoption applied primarily to our derivative financial instruments, which are assets and liabilities carried at Fair Value (primarily based on unobservable market data) on a recurring basis in our consolidated financial statements. As of December 31, 2009, our derivative financial instruments and our investments in marketable securities are immaterial to our consolidated financial statements. In addition, as required, we adopted these principles as of January 1, 2009 for our non-financial assets and liabilities, which, in accordance with the guidance impacts our assets measured at Fair Value due to impairments incurred since adoption. The accounting principles for Fair Value measurements establish a three-tier Fair Value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring Fair Value. These tiers include:
The following table summarizes our assets and liabilities that are measured at Fair Value on a nonrecurring basis:
Fair Value of Financial Instruments The Fair Values of our financial instruments approximate their carrying amount in our financial statements except for debt. Notwithstanding that we do not believe that a fully-functioning market for real property financing exists currently, GAAP guidance requires that management estimate the Fair Value of our debt. However, as a result of the Company's Chapter 11 filing, the Fair Value for the outstanding debt that is included in liabilities subject to compromise in our Consolidated Balance Sheets cannot be reasonably determined at December 31, 2009 as the timing and amounts to be paid are subject to confirmation by the Bankruptcy Court. For the $7.30 billion of mortgages, notes and loans payable outstanding that are not subject to compromise at December 31, 2009, management's required estimates of Fair Value are presented below. This Fair Value was estimated solely for financial statement reporting purposes and should not be used for any other purposes, including to estimate the value of any of the Company's securities or to estimate the appropriate interest rate for consensual and non-consensual restructuring of secured debt in our Chapter 11 Cases. We estimated the Fair Value of this debt based on quoted market prices for publicly-traded debt, recent financing transactions (which may not be comparable), estimates of the Fair Value of the property that serves as collateral for such debt, historical risk premiums for loans of comparable quality, current London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR"), a widely quoted market interest rate which is frequently the index used to determine the rate at which we borrow funds and US treasury obligation interest rates, and on the discounted estimated future cash payments to be made on such debt. The discount rates estimated reflect our judgment as to what the approximate current lending rates for loans or groups of loans with similar maturities and credit quality would be if credit markets were operating efficiently and assume that the debt is outstanding through maturity. We have utilized market information as available or present value techniques to estimate the amounts required to be disclosed, or, in the case of the debt of the Track 1A Debtors, recorded due to GAAP bankruptcy emergence guidance (as described above and in Note 6). Since such amounts are estimates that are based on limited available market information for similar transactions and do not acknowledge transfer or other repayment restrictions that may exist in specific loans, it is unlikely that the estimated Fair Value of any of such debt could be realized by immediate settlement of the obligation.
Included in such amounts for 2009 is $4.2 billion of debt that relates to the 50 properties that emerged from bankruptcy in December 2009 where the carrying value of the debt was adjusted by $342.2 million to an estimated Fair Value of such debt (based on significant unobservable Level 3 Inputs). Stock—Based Compensation Expense We evaluate our stock-based compensation expense in accordance with the generally accepted accounting principles related to share—based payments, which requires companies to estimate the Fair Value of share—based payment awards on the date of grant using an option—pricing model. The value of the portion of the award that is ultimately expected to vest is recognized as expense over the requisite service periods in the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income. These accounting principles require forfeitures to be estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. The cumulative effect of estimating forfeitures for these plans decreased compensation expense by approximately $1.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2009, $1.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2008 and $1.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2007 and have been reflected in our consolidated financial statements. Officer Loans In October 2008, the independent members of the Company's Board of Directors learned that between November 2007 and September 2008, an affiliate of certain Bucksbaum family trusts advanced a series of unsecured loans, without the Board's approval, to Mr. Robert Michaels, the Company's former director and president and Mr. Bernard Freibaum, the Company's former director and chief financial officer, for the purpose of repaying personal margin debt relating to Company common stock owned by each of them. The loan to Mr. Michaels, which totaled $10 million, has been repaid in full. The loans to Mr. Freibaum totaled $90 million, of which $80 million was outstanding as of the date of Mr. Freibaum's separation from the Company in 2008. No Company assets or resources were involved in the loans and no laws or United States Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") rules were violated as a result of the loans. Under applicable GAAP guidance, as a result of these loans, the Company is deemed to have received a contribution to capital by the lender and to have incurred compensation expense in an equal amount for no incremental equity interest in the Company. We calculated the Fair Value of the loans based on a derivation of the income approach known as the discounted cash flow method. Specifically, the Fair Values of the loans were calculated as the present value of the estimated future cash flows (consisting of quarterly interest payments, an annual loan commitment fee, and principal repayment upon demand of the loan) attributable to the loan using a market-based discount rate that accounts for the time value of money and the appropriate degree of risk inherent in the loans as of the various valuation dates. Included in our valuation of the Fair Value of the loans is a consideration for the credit risk of the loans on each date of issuance, based upon, among other considerations, Mr. Freibaum's and Mr. Michaels' stockholdings in the Company, outstanding loans and current and past compensation from the Company. For Mr. Freibaum's loans we valued the loans at each respective disbursement date and amendment date and used loan terms varying from six months to two years reflecting our estimation that repayment would require an orderly liquidation of Mr. Freibaum's other assets. For Mr. Michaels' loans, we valued the loan at its disbursement date based on its actual term. Accordingly, the compensation expense is measured as the difference between the Fair Values of the loans as compared to the face amount of the loans. Such calculated expenses are measured and recognizable at the date of such advances and as of the dates of amendments as there were no future service or employment requirements stated in the loan agreements. The total compensation expense is the aggregation of the Fair Value to face amount differences. Accordingly, we recorded the cumulative correction of the compensation expense of $15.4 million in the fourth quarter of 2008 and there was no impact to 2009. The Glendale Matter In the fall of 2007, a lawsuit (the "Glendale Matter") involving Caruso Affiliated Holdings, LLC as Plaintiff and GGP and GGP/Homart II, L.L.C. (one of our Unconsolidated Real Estate Affiliates) (collectively, the "Defendants") in the Los Angeles Superior Court (the "Court") alleging violations of the California antitrust and unfair competition laws and tortious interference with prospective economic advantage was concluded. The Court entered judgment with respect to the interference with prospective economic advantage claim against Defendants in the amount of $74.2 million in compensatory damages, $15.0 million in punitive damages, and $0.2 million in court costs (the "Judgment Amount"). Defendants appealed the judgment and posted an appellate bond in April 2008 for $134.1 million, which was equal to 150% of the Judgment Amount. Additionally, in April 2008, GGPLP supplied cash as collateral to secure the appellate bond in the amount equal to 50% of the total bond amount or $67.1 million. On December 19, 2008, the Defendants agreed to terms of a settlement and mutual release agreement with Caruso Affiliated Holdings LLC which released the Defendants from all past, present and future claims related to the Glendale Matter in exchange for a settlement payment of $48.0 million, which was paid from the appellate bond cash collateral account in January 2009. Concurrently, GGP agreed with its joint venture partner in GGP/Homart II, New York State Common Retirement Fund ("NYSCRF"), that GGP would not be reimbursed for any portion of this payment, and we would reimburse $5.5 million of costs to NYSCRF in connection with the settlement. Accordingly, as of December 2008, the Company adjusted its liability for the Judgment Amount from $89.4 million to $48.0 million and reversed legal fees incurred by GGP/Homart II of $14.2 million that were previously recorded at 100% by GGP and post-judgment related interest expense of $7.0 million. The net impact of these items related to the settlement is a credit of $57.1 million reflected in litigation recovery in our Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income for 2008. Also as a result of the settlement, the Company reflected its 50% share of legal costs that had previously been recorded at 100% as $7.1 million of additional expense reflected in Equity in income of Unconsolidated Real Estate Affiliates in our Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income for 2008. Foreign Currency Translation The functional currencies for our international joint ventures are their local currencies. Assets and liabilities of these investments are translated at the rate of exchange in effect on the balance sheet date and operations are translated at the weighted average exchange rate for the period. Translation adjustments resulting from the translation of assets and liabilities are accumulated in stockholders' equity as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). Translation of operations is reflected in equity in income of Unconsolidated Real Estate Affiliates. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions. These estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. For example, significant estimates and assumptions have been made with respect to useful lives of assets, capitalization of development and leasing costs, provision for income taxes, recoverable amounts of receivables and deferred taxes, initial valuations and related amortization periods of deferred costs and intangibles, particularly with respect to acquisitions, impairment of long-lived assets and goodwill, valuation of debt of emerged entities and cost ratios and completion percentages used for land sales. 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NOTE 3 ACQUISITIONS AND INTANGIBLES Acquisitions On February 29, 2008, we acquired The Shoppes at The Palazzo in Las Vegas, Nevada for an initial purchase price of $290.8 million (Note 14). On July 6, 2007, we acquired the fifty percent interest owned by NYSCRF in the GGP/Homart I portfolio (the "Homart I acquisition") for a purchase price of approximately $2.3 billion, including approximately $1 billion of assumed debt. Intangible Assets and Liabilities The following table summarizes our intangible assets and liabilities:
Changes in gross asset (liability) balances in 2009 are the result of the allocation of provisions for impairment (Note 2) and our policy of writing off fully amortized intangible assets. The gross asset balances of the in-place value of tenant leases are included in Buildings and equipment in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Acquired in-place at-market tenant leases are amortized over periods that approximate the related lease terms. The above-market and below-market tenant and ground leases as well as the real estate tax stabilization agreement intangible asset are included in Prepaid expenses and other assets and Accounts payable and accrued expenses as detailed in Note 11. Above and below-market lease values are amortized over the remaining non-cancelable terms of the respective leases (averaging approximately five years for tenant leases and approximately 45 years for ground leases). Amortization/accretion of these intangible assets and liabilities, and similar assets and liabilities from our Unconsolidated Real Estate Affiliates at our share, decreased our income (excluding the impact of noncontrolling interest and the provision for income taxes) by $62.6 million in 2009, $70.4 million in 2008 and $62.5 million in 2007. Future amortization, including our share of such items from Unconsolidated Real Estate Affiliates, is estimated to decrease income (excluding the impact of noncontrolling interest and the provision for income taxes) by $54.8 million in 2010, $44.4 million in 2011, $37.0 million in 2012, $30.6 million in 2013 and $31.3 million in 2014. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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NOTE 4 DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS AND GAINS (LOSSES) ON DISPOSITIONS OF INTERESTS IN OPERATING PROPERTIES On December 21, 2009, we sold one office building totaling approximately 38,400 square feet and 4.1995 acres of land located in Woodlands, Texas for a total sales price of $2.0 million, resulting in a total loss of $0.9 million. On April 4, 2008, we sold one office building totaling approximately 16,500 square feet located in Las Vegas for a total sales price of $3.3 million, resulting in a total gain of $2.0 million (net of $0.5 million of noncontrolling interest). On April 23, 2008, we sold two office buildings totaling approximately 390,000 square feet located in Maryland for a sales price of $94.7 million (including debt assumed of approximately $84 million), resulting in total gains of $28.8 million (net of $5.7 million of noncontrolling interest). On August 21, 2008, we sold an office park consisting of three office buildings totaling approximately 73,500 square feet located in Maryland for a total sales price of $4.7 million, resulting in total gains of $0.8 million (net of $0.2 million of noncontrolling interest). On September 29, 2008, we sold an office park consisting of five office buildings totaling approximately 306,500 square feet located in Maryland for a total sales price of $42.3 million, resulting in total gains of $14.4 million (net of $2.6 million of noncontrolling interest). All of the 2008 dispositions are included in discontinued operations, (loss) gain on dispositions in our consolidated financial statements. For Federal income tax purposes, the two office buildings and one of the office parks located in Maryland were used as relinquished property in a like-kind exchange involving the acquisition of The Shoppes at The Palazzo. We evaluated the operations of these properties pursuant to the requirements of the generally accepted accounting principles related to business combinations and concluded that the operations of these office buildings that were sold did not materially impact the prior period results and therefore have not reported any prior operations of these properties as discontinued operations in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. |
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NOTE 5 UNCONSOLIDATED REAL ESTATE AFFILIATES The Unconsolidated Real Estate Affiliates include our noncontrolling investments in real estate joint ventures. Generally, we share in the profits and losses, cash flows and other matters relating to our investments in Unconsolidated Real Estate Affiliates in accordance with our respective ownership percentages. We manage most of the properties owned by these joint ventures. As we have joint interest and control of these ventures with our venture partners and they have substantive participating rights in such ventures, we account for these joint ventures using the equity method. Some of the joint ventures have elected to be taxed as REITs. As described in Note 1, at December 31, 2009, we have three joint venture investments located outside the U.S. These investments, with an aggregate carrying amount of $221.0 million and $166.7 million at December 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively, are managed by the respective joint venture partners in each country. Substantially all changes in 2009 and 2008 in the carrying amount of our investments in such international joint ventures have been due to currency fluctuations. As we also have substantial participation rights with respect to these international joint ventures, we account for them on the equity method. Finally, we entered into an agreement to sell our Costa Rica investment for $7.5 million, yielding a nominal gain that we expect will be recognized in the first quarter of 2010. In June and July, 2009 we made capital contributions of $28.7 million and $57.5 million, respectively, to fund our portion of $172.2 million of joint venture mortgage debt which had reached maturity and which, due to the non-functioning credit markets, we were unable to satisfactorily extend or refinance. As of December 31, 2009, approximately $6.38 billion of indebtedness was secured by our Unconsolidated Properties, our share of which was approximately $3.12 billion. There can be no assurance that we will be able to refinance or restructure such debt (including the $635.9 million of debt maturing in 2010) on acceptable terms or otherwise, or that joint venture operations or contributions by us and/or our partners will be sufficient to repay such loans. In certain circumstances, we have debt obligations in excess of our pro rata share of the debt of our Unconsolidated Real Estate Affiliates ("Retained Debt"). This Retained Debt represents distributed debt proceeds of the Unconsolidated Real Estate Affiliates in excess of our pro rata share of the non-recourse mortgage indebtedness of such Unconsolidated Real Estate Affiliates. The proceeds of the Retained Debt which are distributed to us are included as a reduction in our investment in Unconsolidated Real Estate Affiliates. Such Retained Debt totaled $158.2 million as of December 31, 2009 and $160.8 million as of December 31, 2008, and has been reflected as a reduction in our investment in Unconsolidated Real Estate Affiliates. We are obligated, and through March 1, 2010 have fulfilled our obligation, to contribute funds to our Unconsolidated Real Estate Affiliates in amounts sufficient to pay debt service on such Retained Debt. If we do not contribute such funds, our distributions from such Unconsolidated Real Estate Affiliates, or our interest in, will be reduced to the extent of such deficiencies. As of March 1, 2010, we do not anticipate an inability to perform on our obligations with respect to such Retained Debt. In certain other circumstances, the Company, in connection with the debt obligations of certain Unconsolidated Real Estate Affiliates, has agreed to provide supplemental guarantees or master-lease commitments to provide to the debt holders additional credit-enhancement or security. As of December 31, 2009, we do not expect to be required to perform pursuant to any of such supplemental credit-enhancement provisions for our Unconsolidated Real Estate Affiliates, either due to estimates of the current obligations represented by such provisions or as a result of the protections afforded us through our Chapter 11 Cases. We recorded provisions for impairment related to our Unconsolidated Real Estate Affiliates for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, as presented in the table below. In addition, we recorded provisions for impairment related to our investments in The Shops at Circle T Ranch and Circle T Power Center joint ventures of $10.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2009. All of these impairment charges are included in equity in earnings (loss) from Unconsolidated Real Estate Affiliates in our consolidated financial statements.
On January 29, 2010, our Brazilian joint venture, Aliansce Shopping Centers S.A. ("Aliansce"), commenced trading on the Brazilian Stock Exchange, or BM&FBovespa, as a result of an initial public offering of Aliansce's common shares in Brazil. GGP did not sell any of its Aliansce shares in the offering and now has approximately a 31.4% ownership interest in Aliansce, which develops, owns and manages shopping centers in Brazil. In light of Aliansce becoming a public company in Brazil, we will change the manner in which we account for our share of Aliansce's results of operations in our consolidated financial statements. We will continue to apply the equity method to our interest in Aliansce; however, commencing in 2010 we will report our share of Aliansce's results in our financial statements one quarter in arrears due to the timing of the release of Aliansce's publicly available financial statements. As a result of the transition to this accounting treatment, GGP's financial statements for the quarter ended March 31, 2010 will not include any results from Aliansce's business and GGP's financial statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2010 will include only nine months of Aliansce's operations. We do not believe that this timing difference will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. The significant accounting policies used by the Unconsolidated Real Estate Affiliates are the same as ours. Condensed Combined Financial Information of Unconsolidated Real Estate Affiliates Following is summarized financial information for our Unconsolidated Real Estate Affiliates as of December 31, 2009 and 2008 and for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007. Certain 2008 and 2007 amounts have been reclassified to conform to the 2009 presentation.
Condensed Financial Information of Individually Significant Unconsolidated Real Estate Affiliates Following is summarized financial information for GGP/Homart II, L.L.C. ("GGP/Homart II"), GGP- TRS, L.L.C. ("GGP/Teachers") and The Woodlands Land Development Holdings, L.P. ("The Woodlands Partnership"). We account for these joint ventures using the equity method because we have joint interest and joint control of these ventures with our venture partners and since they have substantive participating rights in such ventures. For financial reporting purposes, we consider these joint ventures to be individually significant Unconsolidated Real Estate Affiliates. Our investment in such affiliates varies from a strict ownership percentage due to capital or basis differences or loans and related amortization. GGP/Homart II We own 50% of the membership interest of GGP/Homart II, L.L.C. ("GGP/Homart II"), a limited liability company. The remaining 50% interest in GGP/Homart II is owned by NYSCRF. GGP Homart II owns 11 retail properties and one office building. Certain 2008 and 2007 amounts have been reclassified to conform to the 2009 presentation.
GGP/Teachers We own 50% of the membership interest in GGP-TRS, L.L.C. ("GGP/Teachers"), a limited liability company. The remaining 50% interest in GGP/Teachers is owned by the Teachers' Retirement System of the State of Illinois. GGP/Teachers owns six retail properties. Certain 2008 and 2007 amounts have been reclassified to conform to the 2009 presentation.
Woodlands Land Development We own 52.5% of the membership interest of The Woodlands Land Development Company L.P. ("The Woodlands Partnership"), a limited liability partnership which is a venture developing the master planned community known as The Woodlands near Houston, Texas. The remaining 47.5% interest in The Woodlands Partnership is owned by Morgan Stanley Real Estate Fund II, L.P. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||