As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 10, 2007
Registration No. 333-140232
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
Amendment No. 5
to
FORM S-1
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
MONOTYPE IMAGING HOLDINGS INC.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)
| Delaware | 7371 | 20-3289482 | ||
| (State of Incorporation) |
(Primary Standard Industrial Classification Code Number) |
(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number) |
500 Unicorn Park Drive
Woburn, Massachusetts 01801
(781) 970-6000
(Address, Including Zip Code, and Telephone Number,
Including Area Code, of Registrants Principal Executive Offices)
Douglas J. Shaw
President and Chief Executive Officer
Monotype Imaging Holdings Inc.
500 Unicorn Park Drive
Woburn, Massachusetts 01801
(781) 970-6000
(Name, Address, Including Zip Code, and Telephone Number,
Including Area Code, of Agent For Service)
Copies to:
|
Jocelyn M. Arel Lizette M. Pérez-Deisboeck Goodwin Procter LLP Exchange Place 53 State Street Boston, Massachusetts 02109 (617) 570-1000 Facsimile: (617) 523-1231 |
Janet M. Dunlap General Counsel and Secretary Monotype Imaging Holdings Inc. 500 Unicorn Park Drive Woburn, Massachusetts 01801 (781) 970-6000 Facsimile: (781) 970-6003 |
Martin A. Wellington Davis Polk & Wardwell 1600 El Camino Real Menlo Park, California 94025 (650) 752-2000 Facsimile: (650) 752-3618 |
Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: As soon as practicable after this registration statement becomes effective.
If any of the securities being registered on this form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, check the following box. ¨
If this form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ¨
If this form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ¨
If this form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ¨
CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE
|
Title of Each Class of Securities to be Registered |
Amount to be
Registered(1) |
Proposed Maximum
Offering Price Per Share(2) |
Proposed Maximum
Aggregate Offering Price(2) |
Amount of
Registration Fee(3) |
|||||||
|
Common Stock, $0.001 par value per share |
12,650,000 | $ | 15.00 | $ | 189,750,000 | $ | 16,126 | ||||
| (1) | Includes 1,650,000 shares of common stock that may be purchased by the underwriters to cover over-allotments, if any. |
| (2) | Estimated solely for the purpose of computing the registration fee pursuant to Rule 457(a) under the Securities Act. |
| (3) | Calculated pursuant to Rule 457(a) based on an estimate of the proposed maximum aggregate offering price. A registration fee of $14,445 has been paid previously pursuant to Rule 457(o) based on an estimate of the proposed maximum aggregate offering price. An additional fee of $1,681 will be paid with this filing to cover the increase calculated pursuant to Rule 457(a). |
The registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act or until the registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), shall determine.
The information in this preliminary prospectus is not complete and may be changed. Neither Monotype Imaging Holdings Inc. nor the selling stockholders may sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting offers to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.
SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED JULY 10, 2007
Prospectus
11,000,000 Shares
Common Stock
Monotype Imaging Holdings Inc. and the selling stockholders are offering 6,000,000 shares and 5,000,000 shares, respectively, of common stock. This is our initial public offering, and no public market currently exists for our shares. We anticipate that the initial public offering price will be between $13.00 and $15.00 per share. After the offering, the market price for our shares may be outside this range.
We have applied to have our common stock approved for quotation on the Nasdaq Global Market under the symbol TYPE.
Investing in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. See Risk Factors beginning on page 7.
| Per Share | Total | |||||
|
Offering price |
$ | $ | ||||
|
Discounts and commissions to underwriters |
$ | $ | ||||
|
Offering proceeds to Monotype Imaging Holdings Inc., before expenses |
$ | $ | ||||
|
Offering proceeds to the selling stockholders |
$ | $ | ||||
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved these securities or determined if this prospectus is accurate or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
The selling stockholders have granted the underwriters the right to purchase up to 1,650,000 additional shares of common stock on the same terms and conditions as set forth above if the underwriters sell more than 11,000,000 shares of common stock in this offering. The underwriters can exercise this right at any time and from time to time, in whole or in part, within 30 days after the offering. The underwriters expect to deliver the shares of common stock to investors on or about , 2007.
Banc of America Securities LLC
| Jefferies & Company | William Blair & Company | |
| Needham & Company, LLC | Canaccord Adams | |
, 2007
You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus. We and the selling stockholders have not, and the underwriters have not, authorized anyone to provide you with different information. We and the selling stockholders are not making an offer to sell or seeking an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted. You should assume that the information contained in this prospectus is accurate as of the date on the front of this prospectus only. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since that date.
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Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |
35 | |
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Executive Compensation and Compensation Discussion and Analysis |
84 | |
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Material United States Federal Tax Considerations for Non-U.S. Holders |
121 | |
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| F-1 | ||
|
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This summary highlights selected information contained elsewhere in this prospectus. This summary does not contain all of the information you should consider before investing in our common stock. You should read this entire prospectus carefully, especially the risks of investing in our common stock discussed under Risk Factors beginning on page 7, and the consolidated financial statements and notes to those consolidated financial statements, before making an investment decision. Unless the context otherwise requires, we use the terms Monotype, we, us and our in this prospectus to refer to Monotype Imaging Holdings Inc. and its subsidiaries.
Overview
We are a leading global provider of text imaging solutions. Our technologies and fonts enable the display and printing of high quality digital text. Our software technologies have been widely deployed across, and embedded in, a range of consumer electronic, or CE, devices, including laser printers, digital copiers, mobile phones, digital televisions, set-top boxes and digital cameras, as well as in numerous software applications and operating systems. In the laser printer market, we have worked together with industry leaders for over 15 years to provide critical components embedded in printing standards. Our scaling, compression, text layout, color and printer driver technologies solve critical text imaging issues for CE device manufacturers by rendering high quality text on low resolution and memory constrained CE devices. We combine these proprietary technologies with access to over 9,000 typefaces from a library of some of the most widely used designs in the world, including popular names like Helvetica and Times New Roman. We also license our typefaces to creative and business professionals through custom font design services, direct sales and our e-commerce websites fonts.com, itcfonts.com, linotype.com and faces.co.uk, which attracted more than 20 million visits in 2006 from over 200 countries.
Our customers include:
| |
mobile phone makers Nokia, Motorola and Sony Ericsson; |
| |
eight of the top ten laser printer manufacturers based on the volume of units shipped worldwide; |
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digital television and set-top box manufacturers TTE Technology, Toshiba and JVC; and |
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multinational corporations Agilent, British Airways and Barclays. |
Our text imaging solutions are embedded in a broad range of CE devices and are compatible with most major operating environments and those developed directly by CE device manufacturers. We partner with operating system and software application vendors Microsoft, Apple, Symbian, QUALCOMM and ACCESS (PalmSource).
Industry Overview and Market Opportunity
CE devices are marketed globally and increasingly require robust multi-media functionality. CE device manufacturers and independent software vendors, together OEMs, must display text from many different sources, provide consistent look and feel across CE devices, support worldwide languages and provide enhanced navigation and personalization.
Font technology has evolved rapidly with the increase in the functionality of CE devices. The latest generation of digital font technology focuses on scalable fonts rather than bitmaps. Bitmaps require the storage of images for each individual character and size, which limits deployment across multiple CE devices. Scalable fonts are more flexible, compressed and memory efficient.
1
Laser printer manufacturers are utilizing increasingly robust text imaging solutions to enhance functionality and add features. The rapid change in the capabilities and functionality of multimedia enabled CE devices, together with the increased reliance by laser printer manufacturers on enhancing technologies to drive value, favor comprehensive global text solutions.
Competitive Strengths
Our text imaging solutions provide critical technologies and fonts for users that require the ability to display or print high quality digital text. Our core strengths include:
Technological and Intellectual Property Leadership. We have become a leading global provider of text imaging solutions for laser printers by combining our proprietary technologies with an extensive font library. We are leveraging our intellectual property and experience in this market to secure a leading position in other high volume CE device categories.
Established Relationships with Market Leaders. We benefit from established relationships with our OEM customers, many of which date back 15 years or more. Because our technologies and fonts are embedded in the hardware of our customers CE devices, it would be costly and time-consuming to replace them.
International Presence and Technologies Designed to Serve the Global Market. In 2006 and the three months ended March 31, 2007, 56.5% and 64.0%, respectively, of our revenue was derived from sales by our operating subsidiaries located in Japan, the United Kingdom, Germany and China. Our customers are located in the United States, Asia, Europe and throughout the world. We support all of the worlds major languages and have specifically designed scalable font rendering technologies for displaying rich content in Asian and other non-Latin languages. We enable OEM customers to engineer a common platform supporting multiple languages, reducing their cost and time to market and increasing product flexibility.
Strong Web Presence and Font Design Services. Our e-commerce websites, including the intuitively-named fonts.com , provide us with a substantial web presence. We also serve creative and business professionals by providing custom font design and branding services.
Attractive Business Model. We have a large, recurring base of licensing revenue. In addition, we have significant operational leverage, a relatively low cash tax rate and low capital requirements.
Experienced Leadership Team and Employee Base. Our senior management has an average of 16 years of experience in the text imaging solutions business. There is significant continuity between our team and our key customers.
Our Strategy
Our objective is to extend our position as a leading global provider of text imaging solutions. We intend to:
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increase penetration of our technologies and fonts into emerging CE device categories; |
| |
extend our leadership position with enhanced technologies in the laser printer market; |
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leverage our installed base of leading OEM customers by providing new technologies and fonts; |
| |
expand and deepen our global presence, particularly in Asia; |
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continue to develop our online offerings and services; and |
| |
selectively pursue complementary acquisitions, strategic partnerships and third-party intellectual property. |
2
Risks Affecting Us
We are subject to a number of risks, which you should be aware of before you buy our common stock. These risks are discussed in Risk Factors.
Corporate Information
Until November 2004, Agfa Corporation, or Agfa, operated its font and printer driver business through its wholly-owned subsidiary, Agfa Monotype Corporation, or Agfa Monotype. On November 5, 2004, through a series of transactions, all of the common stock of Agfa Monotype was acquired by a newly formed entity, Monotype Imaging Inc., or Monotype Imaging, for a total purchase price of $194.0 million consisting of cash plus assumption of certain obligations. The transaction was financed with $112.2 million in debt financing from certain credit facilities and $78.4 million in capital contributions made by investment funds associated with TA Associates, Inc., or TA Associates, D.B. Zwirn Special Opportunities Fund, or D.B. Zwirn, and certain of the former officers and employees of Agfa Monotype, or the Investing Employees, in exchange for convertible preferred stock, common stock and subordinated notes of Imaging Holdings Corp., or IHC, the parent of Monotype Imaging. These capital contributions represented $2.36 per share on an as converted basis which compares with an assumed value of $14.00 per share, the midpoint of the range on the cover page of this prospectus.
In August 2005, IHC entered into a recapitalization transaction and debt refinancing, which resulted in Monotype Imaging Holdings Inc., the issuer in this offering, becoming the parent of IHC. All of the holders of shares of common stock of IHC exchanged their shares for shares of our common stock and all of the holders of shares of convertible preferred stock of IHC exchanged their shares for shares of our convertible preferred stock and payments of an aggregate of $48.3 million. The relative equity interests of our stockholders remained unchanged following this recapitalization.
The following table sets forth the approximate amounts paid by each group for the subordinated notes and the equity investment and the post-recapitalization value of the equity investment, as compared with the estimated post-offering value of the equity investment:
|
Total Value
of Subordinated Notes and Original Equity Investment |
Value of
Original Equity Investment |
Value of Post-
Recapitalization Equity Investment |
Post-Offering
Intrinsic Value of Post- Recapitalization Equity Investment(1) |
|||||||||
| (in thousands) | ||||||||||||
|
TA Associates |
$ | 69.9 | $ | 52.0 | $ | 9.1 | $ | 308.0 | ||||
|
D.B. Zwirn |
3.5 | 2.5 | 0.4 | 14.9 | ||||||||
|
Investing Employees |
5.0 | 3.7 | 0.6 | 21.7 | ||||||||
| (1) | This calculation is based on an assumed value of $14.00 per share, the midpoint of the range on the cover page of this prospectus and does not include the amount TA Associates, D.B. Zwirn and the Investing Employees will receive upon redemption of the redeemable preferred stock upon consummation of this offering of approximately $8.6 million, $413,000 and $616,000, respectively. |
As part of the recapitalization, we refinanced our existing debt and borrowed additional amounts from our existing lenders. A portion of the proceeds was used to retire the subordinated notes issued to TA Associates, D.B. Zwirn and the Investing Employees in connection with the acquisition of Agfa Monotype.
Concurrently with this offering, we will amend and restate one of our credit facilities to provide for borrowings of a maximum aggregate amount of $160.0 million and repay in full our other credit facility. The remaining credit facility will consist of a term loan of $140.0 million and a revolving credit facility of up to $20.0 million.
Our principal offices are located at 500 Unicorn Park Drive, Woburn, Massachusetts 01801. Our corporate website address is http://www.monotypeimaging.com. The information contained in or that can be accessed through this website or fonts.com, itcfonts.com, linotype.com and faces.co.uk, is not part of this prospectus.
3
THE OFFERING
|
Common stock offered by us |
6,000,000 shares |
Common stock offered by the
|
selling stockholders |
5,000,000 shares |
Common stock to be outstanding
|
after this offering |
33,559,945 shares |
|
Over-allotment option |
The selling stockholders have granted the underwriters an option for a period of 30 days to purchase up to 1,650,000 shares of common stock. |
|
Use of proceeds |
We expect to receive net proceeds from the offering of approximately $ 73.6 million. We intend to use the net proceeds from this offering received by us, together with the $10.2 million in proceeds from the increase in our term loan under one of our credit facilities, to repay in full our term loan that would otherwise expire on July 28, 2011 in the amount of $72.1 million, which includes $2.1 million in prepayment penalties, and to redeem the shares of redeemable preferred stock issuable upon conversion of the convertible preferred stock from TA Associates, D.B. Zwirn and the Investing Employees in the amount of $9.7 million. We intend to use the balance of the net proceeds of this offering for working capital and other general corporate purposes, which may include further paydowns of our indebtedness. |
After giving effect to this offering, TA Associates will hold approximately 52.4% of our outstanding common stock. A. Bruce Johnston and Jonathan W. Meeks, both directors of Monotype, are Managing Directors of TA Associates. After giving effect to this offering, D.B. Zwirn will hold approximately 3.2% of our outstanding common stock. See Principal and Selling Stockholders.
We will not receive any of the proceeds from the sale of shares of common stock by the selling stockholders.
Proposed Nasdaq Global Market
|
symbol |
TYPE |
The number of shares of our common stock to be outstanding following this offering assumes 27,559,945 shares of our common stock outstanding as of March 31, 2007. This number gives effect to the adjustments described below and includes the exercise after March 31, 2007 of stock options to purchase 12,312 shares of common stock that are being sold in this offering and 413,345 shares of our restricted common stock issuable as of June 1, 2007 upon conversion of the notes issued in connection with the acquisition of China Type Design Limited, or China Type Design, upon the closing of this offering. This number excludes 2,390,660 shares of our common stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding stock options at a weighted average exercise price of $3.657 per share and 4,383,560 additional shares of our common stock reserved for future issuance under our 2007 Stock Option and Incentive Plan, or the 2007 Option Plan, together with any shares that are forfeited under our 2004 Stock Option and Grant Plan, or the 2004 Option Plan.
Unless otherwise indicated, all information in this prospectus assumes that the underwriters do not exercise their over-allotment option to purchase 1,650,000 shares of common stock from the selling stockholders in this offering and reflects:
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3,772,872 shares of our common stock outstanding as of March 31, 2007; |
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the conversion of all outstanding shares of our convertible preferred stock into 23,361,416 shares of common stock and 5,840,354 shares of redeemable preferred stock upon the closing of this offering, and the immediate redemption of the redeemable preferred stock; |
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the filing of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and the adoption of our amended and restated by-laws immediately prior to the closing of this offering; and |
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a 4-for-1 split of our common stock that occurred on July 5, 2007. |
4
SUMMARY CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL AND OTHER DATA
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
The tables below summarize our financial data as of the date and for the periods indicated. You should read the following information together with the more detailed information contained in Selected Consolidated Financial Data, Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and our consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes included elsewhere in this prospectus.
|
January 1,
|
November 5,
2004 to December 31, 2004 |
Year Ended
December 31, |
Three Months Ended
March 31, |
|||||||||||||||||||||
| 2005 | 2006 | 2006 | 2007 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| (Predecessor) | (Successor) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Revenue: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
OEM |
$ | 41,563 | $ | 10,821 | $ | 59,073 | $ | 64,268 | $ | 14,794 | $ | 17,263 | ||||||||||||
|
Creative professional |
10,447 | 2,216 | 14,703 | 21,936 | 3,672 | 8,447 | ||||||||||||||||||
|
Total revenue |
52,010 | 13,037 | 73,776 | 86,204 | 18,466 | 25,710 | ||||||||||||||||||
|
Cost of revenue |
8,577 | 1,224 | 9,513 | 8,305 | 2,132 | 2,747 | ||||||||||||||||||
|
Cost of revenueamortization of acquired technology |
728 | 401 | 2,408 | 3,021 | 675 | 844 | ||||||||||||||||||
|
Marketing and selling |
9,299 | 1,853 | 11,730 | 14,931 | 3,043 | 4,531 | ||||||||||||||||||
|
Research and development |
8,290 | 1,835 | 10,668 | 13,813 | 2,928 | 4,049 | ||||||||||||||||||
|
General and administrative |
7,948 | 1,081 | 5,639 | 10,112 | 1,817 | 3,536 | ||||||||||||||||||
|
Transaction bonus |
25,207 | | | | | | ||||||||||||||||||
|
Amortization of other intangible assets |
607 | 1,073 | 6,459 | 6,687 | 1,613 | 1,779 | ||||||||||||||||||
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Total costs and expenses |
60,656 | 7,467 | 46,417 | 56,869 | 12,208 | 17,486 | ||||||||||||||||||
|
Income (loss) from operations |
(8,646 | ) | 5,570 | 27,359 | 29,335 | 6,258 | 8,224 | |||||||||||||||||
|
Other (income) expense: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Interest expense |
| 2,055 | 14,893 | 19,687 | 4,131 | 5,344 | ||||||||||||||||||
|
Interest income |
(335 | ) | (21 | ) | (158 | ) | (171 | ) | (16 | ) | (21 | ) | ||||||||||||
|
(Gain) loss on foreign exchange |
| | 1,427 | (592 | ) | 12 | (140 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
|
(Gain) loss on interest rate caps |
| 238 | (503 | ) | (490 | ) | (389 | ) | 259 | |||||||||||||||
|
Other (income) expense, net |
109 | 46 | | (1,621 | ) | (345 | ) | (246 | ) | |||||||||||||||
|
Dividend income |
| | (105 | ) | (461 | ) | | | ||||||||||||||||
|
Total other expense |
(226 | ) | 2,318 | 15,554 | 16,352 | 3,393 | 5,196 | |||||||||||||||||
|
Income (loss) before provision for income taxes |
(8,420 | ) | 3,252 | 11,805 | 12,983 | 2,865 | 3,028 | |||||||||||||||||
|
Provision (benefit) for income taxes |
(2,817 | ) | 1,338 | 4,684 | 5,921 | 1,151 | 1,448 | |||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | (5,603 | ) | $ | 1,914 | $ | 7,121 | $ | 7,062 | $ | 1,714 | $ | 1,580 | |||||||||||
|
Net income (loss) available to common stockholders |
$ | (5,603 | ) | $ | 106 | $ | 92 | $ | (17,325 | ) | $ | (1,420 | ) | $ | (12,126 | ) | ||||||||
|
Earnings (loss) per common share data: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Basic |
$ | (5,603.00 | ) | $ | 0.08 | $ | 0.07 | $ | (7.37 | ) | $ | (0.68 | ) | $ | (4.35 | ) | ||||||||
|
Diluted |
$ | (5,603.00 | ) | $ | 0.07 | $ | 0.05 | $ | (7.37 | ) | $ | (0.68 | ) | $ | (4.35 | ) | ||||||||
|
Weighted average number of shares: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Basic |
1,000 | 1,371,016 | 1,417,484 | 2,351,356 | 2,079,716 | 2,786,916 | ||||||||||||||||||
|
Diluted |
1,000 | 26,000,656 | 27,421,316 | 2,351,356 | 2,079,716 | 2,786,916 | ||||||||||||||||||
|
Pro forma net income available to common stockholders |
$ | 7,062 | $ | 1,580 | ||||||||||||||||||||
|
Pro forma earnings per share: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Basic |
$ | 0.27 | $ | 0.06 | ||||||||||||||||||||
|
Diluted |
$ | 0.24 | $ | 0.06 | ||||||||||||||||||||
|
Pro forma weighted average number of shares: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Basic |
25,721,480 | 26,148,332 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Diluted |
28,238,692 | 28,649,648 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
5
The following table summarizes our condensed consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2007. The as adjusted balance sheet data reflects our balance sheet data as of March 31, 2007, as adjusted to reflect the increase in the term loan under one of our credit facilities, the conversion of our convertible preferred stock into common stock and redeemable preferred stock, the immediate redemption of the redeemable preferred stock, this offering and the application of the estimated net proceeds from this offering and the amendment of our term loan received by us as described in Use of Proceeds, assuming the number of shares of common stock offered by us in this offering is 6,000,000 at an assumed initial public offering price of $14.00 per share, the midpoint of the range on the cover page of this prospectus, and after deducting the underwriting discounts and commissions and expenses paid by us.
| Actual | As Adjusted(1) | ||||||
|
Consolidated Summary Balance Sheet Data: |
|||||||
|
Cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 6,838 | $ | 4,629 | |||
|
Total current assets |
20,541 | 18,332 | |||||
|
Total assets |
273,954 | 268,659 | |||||
|
Total current liabilities |
38,057 | 34,819 | |||||
|
Total debt |
200,728 | 136,699 | |||||
|
Convertible redeemable preferred stock |
53,876 | | |||||
|
Additional paid-in capital |
1,072 | 119,225 | |||||
|
Total stockholders equity (deficit) |
(24,209 | ) | 91,337 | ||||
| (1) | Each $1.00 increase or decrease in the assumed initial public offering price of $14.00 per share would increase or decrease, as applicable, our cash and cash equivalents, working capital, total assets and total stockholders equity by approximately $5.6 million, assuming the number of shares offered by us, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same and after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions payable by us. |
6
Before you decide to invest in our common stock, you should consider carefully the risks described below, together with the other information contained in this prospectus. We believe the risks described below are the risks that are material to us as of the date of this prospectus. If any of the following risks comes to fruition, our business, financial condition, results of operations and future growth prospects would likely be materially and adversely affected. In these circumstances, the market price of our common stock could decline, and you may lose all or part of your investment.
Risks Related to Our Business
We derive a substantial majority of our revenue from a limited number of licensees, and if we are unable to maintain these customer relationships or attract additional customers, our revenue will be adversely affected.
We derive a substantial majority of our revenue from the licensing of our text imaging solutions to OEMs. In 2006 and during the three months ended March 31, 2007, our top 10 licensees by revenue accounted for approximately 53.0% and 48.7% of our total revenue, respectively. Accordingly, if we are unable to maintain these relationships or establish relationships with new customers, our licensing revenue will be adversely affected. In addition, our license agreements are generally for a limited period of time and, upon expiration of their license agreements, OEMs may not renew their agreements or may elect not to enter into new agreements with us on terms as favorable as our current agreements.
We face pressure from our customers to lower our license fees and, to the extent we lower them in the future, our revenue may be adversely affected.
The CE device markets are highly competitive and CE device manufacturers are continually looking for ways to reduce the costs of components included in their products in order to maintain or broaden consumer acceptance of those products. Because our technologies are a component incorporated into CE devices, when negotiating renewals of customer contracts, we face pressure from our customers to lower our license fees. We have in the past, and may in the future, need to lower our license fees to preserve customer relationships or extend use of our technology to a broader range of products. To the extent we lower our license fees in the future, we cannot assure you that we will be able to achieve related increases in the use of our technologies or other benefits to fully offset the effects of these adjustments.
If we fail to develop and deliver innovative text imaging solutions in response to changes in our industry, including changes in consumer tastes or trends, our revenue could decline.
The markets for our text imaging solutions are characterized by rapid change and technological evolution and are intensely competitive and price sensitive. We will need to expend considerable resources on product development in the future to continue to design and deliver enduring and innovative text imaging solutions. We rely on the introduction of new or expanded solutions with additional or enhanced features and functionality to allow us to maintain our royalty rates in the face of downward pressure on our royalties resulting from efforts by CE device manufacturers to reduce costs. Despite our efforts, we may not be able to develop and effectively market new text imaging solutions that adequately or competitively address the needs of the changing marketplace. In addition, we may not correctly identify new or changing market trends at an early enough stage to capitalize on market opportunities. Our future success depends, to a great extent, on our ability to develop and deliver innovative text imaging solutions that are widely adopted in response to changes in our industry, that are compatible with the solutions introduced by other participants in our industry and for which the CE
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device manufacturers are willing to pay competitive royalties. Our failure to deliver innovative text imaging solutions that allow us to stay competitive and for which we can maintain our royalty rates would adversely affect our revenue.
If Hewlett Packard or Adobe were to discontinue their use of our text imaging solutions in their products, our business could be materially and adversely affected.
Because of their market position as industry leaders, the incorporation by Hewlett Packard, or HP, of our text imaging solutions in its laser printers and the incorporation of our text imaging solutions by Adobe Systems, or Adobe, in its PostScript product promote widespread adoption of our technologies by manufacturers seeking to maintain compatibility with HP and Adobe. If HP or Adobe were to stop using our text imaging solutions in their products, the market acceptance of our technologies by other CE device manufacturers would be materially and adversely affected, and this would in turn adversely affect our revenue.
If we are unable to further penetrate our existing markets or adapt or develop text imaging solutions, our business prospects could be limited.
We expect that our future success will depend, in part, upon our ability to successfully penetrate existing markets for CE devices, including laser printers, digital copiers, mobile phones, digital televisions, set-top boxes and digital cameras. To date, we have penetrated only some of these markets. Our ability to grow our revenue depends upon our ability to further penetrate these markets and to successfully penetrate those markets in which we currently have no presence. Demand for our text imaging solutions in any of these developing markets may not develop or grow, and a sufficiently broad base of OEMs may not adopt or continue to use products that employ our text imaging solutions. Because of our limited experience in some of these markets, we may not be able to adequately adapt our business and our solutions to the needs of these customers.
The rate of growth of the market for CE devices is uncertain.
Our success depends in large part upon the ability of CE device manufacturers who license our text imaging solutions to successfully market and sell their products. Continued growth in the adoption of CE devices like mobile phones and technological improvements in wireless devices, such as increases in functional memory, are critical to our future growth. If CE device manufacturers do not continue to successfully develop and market new products and services incorporating our text imaging solutions, or the products that our customers develop and market do not meet market acceptance, our revenue and operating results will be adversely affected.
Our operating results may fluctuate based upon an increase or decrease of market share by CE device manufacturers to whom we license our text imaging solutions.
The terms of our license agreements with our CE device manufacturers vary. For example, we have some fixed fee licensing agreements with some of our customers who we believe were instrumental in setting industry standards and influencing early adoption of technology incorporating our text imaging solutions. If these customers were to increase their share of the CE device market, under the terms of these agreements there would not be a corresponding increase in our revenue. Any change in the market share of CE device manufacturers to whom we license our text imaging solutions is entirely outside of our control.
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The success of our business is influenced by the interoperability of our text imaging solutions with a variety of CE devices and software applications and operating systems.
To be successful we must design our text imaging solutions to interoperate effectively with a variety of CE devices. We depend on the cooperation of CE device manufacturers with respect to the components integrated into their devices, such as page description languages, or PDLs, as well as software developers that create the operating systems and applications, to incorporate our solutions into their product offerings. If manufacturers of CE devices elect not to incorporate our solutions into their product offerings, our revenue potential would be adversely affected.
Our business and prospects depend on the strength of our brands, and if we do not maintain and strengthen our brands, we may be unable to maintain or expand our business.
Maintaining and strengthening the Monotype and Linotype GmbH, or Linotype, brands, the fonts.com , itcfonts.com, linotype.com and faces.co.uk brands, as well as the brands of our fonts, such as Helvetica and ITC Avant Garde, is critical to maintaining and expanding our business, as well as to our ability to enter into new markets for our text imaging solutions. If we fail to promote and maintain these brands successfully, our ability to sustain and expand our business and enter into new markets will suffer. Maintaining and strengthening our brands will depend heavily on our ability to continue to develop and provide innovative and high-quality solutions for our customers, as well as to continue to maintain our strong online presence. If we fail to maintain high-quality standards, if we fail to meet industry standards, or if we introduce text imaging solutions that our customers or potential customers reject, the strength of our brands could be adversely affected. Further, unauthorized third parties may use our brands in ways that may dilute or undermine their strength.
Our success depends on the existence of a market for products that incorporate our text imaging solutions.
Our future success will depend on market demand for text imaging solutions that enable CE devices to render high quality text. This market is characterized by rapidly changing technology, evolving industry standards and needs, and frequent new product introductions. If the need for laser printers and other CE devices utilizing our technology were to decrease or if current models of these products were replaced by new or existing products for which we do not have a competitive solution or if our solutions are replaced by others that become the industry standard, our customers may not purchase our solutions and our revenue would be adversely affected. For example, if graphical device interface, or GDI, printers became the industry standard replacing PDL printers, our revenue would be adversely affected.
The market for text imaging solutions for laser printers is a mature market growing at a slower rate than other markets in which we operate. To the extent that sales of laser printers level off or decline, our licensing revenue may be adversely affected.
Growth in our revenue over the past several years has been the result, in part, of the growth in sales of laser printers incorporating our text imaging solutions and a significant portion of our revenue in 2006 and the three months ended March 31, 2007 has been derived from laser printer manufacturers. However, as the market for these laser printers matures, we expect that it will grow at a slower rate than other markets in which we operate. If sales of printers incorporating our text imaging solutions level off or decline, then our licensing revenue may be adversely affected.
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We face significant competition in various markets, and if we are unable to compete successfully, our ability to generate revenue from our business could suffer.
We face significant competition in the text imaging solutions markets. We believe that our most significant competitive threat comes from companies that compete with some of our specific offerings. Those competitors currently include Adobe, Bitstream, Software Imaging, FreeType, and local providers of text imaging solutions whose products are specific to a particular countrys language. We also compete with the internal development efforts of certain of the CE device manufacturers to whom we license our solutions, most of which have greater financial, technical and other resources than we do. Similarly, we also face competition from font foundries, font related websites and independent professionals.
Some of our current or future competitors may have significantly greater financial, technical, marketing and other resources than we do, may enjoy greater name recognition than we do or may have more experience or advantages than we have in the markets in which they compete. These advantages may include, among others:
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sales and marketing advantages; |
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advantages in the recruitment and retention of skilled personnel; |
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advantages in the establishment and negotiation of profitable strategic, distribution and customer relationships; |
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advantages in the development and acquisition of innovative software technology and the acquisition of software companies; |
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greater ability to pursue larger scale product development and distribution initiatives on a global basis; |
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substantially larger patent portfolios; and |
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operational advantages. |
Further, many of the devices that incorporate our text imaging solutions also include technologies and fonts developed by our competitors. As a result, we must continue to invest significant resources in product development in order to enhance our text imaging solutions and introduce new high-quality solutions to meet the wide variety of competitive pressures. Our ability to generate revenue from our business could suffer if we fail to do so successfully.
A prolonged economic downturn could materially harm our business.
Negative trends in the general economy, including trends resulting from actual or threatened military action by the United States, terrorist attacks on the United States and abroad and increased oil prices, could cause a decrease in consumer spending on computer hardware and software and CE devices in general and negatively affect the rate of growth of the CE device markets or of adoption of CE devices. Any reduction in consumer confidence or disposable income in general may adversely affect the demand for CE devices that incorporate our text imaging solutions.
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Our business is dependent in part on technologies and fonts we license from third parties, and these license rights may be inadequate for our business.
Certain of our text imaging solutions are dependent in part on the licensing and incorporation of technologies from third parties, and we license a substantial number of fonts from third parties. For example, we have entered into license agreements with AGFA Gevaert N.V. under which we have acquired rights to use certain color technology. We also have license agreements with Microsoft, Adobe and others under which we license certain fonts. Our license agreements with these parties are limited by the ownership or licensing rights of our licensors. If any of the technologies we license from third parties fail to perform as expected, if our licensors do not continue to support any of their technology or intellectual property, including fonts, because they go out of business or otherwise, or if the technologies or fonts we license are subject to infringement claims, then we may incur substantial costs in replacing the licensed technologies or fonts or fall behind in our development schedule and our business plan while we search for a replacement. In addition, replacement technology and fonts may not be available for license on commercially reasonable terms, or at all.
Parties from whom we license text imaging solutions may challenge the basis for our calculations of the royalties due to them.
Some of our agreements with licensors require us to give them the right to audit our calculations of royalties payable to them. In addition, licensors may at any time challenge the basis of our calculations. As an example, on October 30, 2006, Adobe filed an action in the United States District Court of the Northern District of California against Linotype alleging that Linotype breached its obligations under agreements between Linotype and Adobe by failing to pay all royalties due under those agreements, submitting inaccurate royalty reports and using the fonts licensed under those agreements improperly and without authorization. Adobe requests money damages, a declaratory judgment, costs and attorneys fees. On March 2, 2007 the court entered an order staying the action until August 15, 2007. We intend to vigorously contest the action. However, we cannot be sure that we will be successful in our defense. An unfavorable outcome in this lawsuit could result in an increase of the amount of royalties we have to pay Adobe. Any royalties paid as a result of this or any successful challenge would increase our expenses and could negatively impact our relationship with such licensor, including by impairing our ability to continue to use and re-license technologies or fonts from that licensor.
If we fail to adequately protect our intellectual property, we could lose our intellectual property rights, which could negatively affect our revenue or dilute or undermine the strength of our brands.
Our success is heavily dependent upon our ability to protect our intellectual property, including our fonts. To protect our intellectual property, we rely on a combination of United States and international patents, design registrations, copyrights, trademarks, trade secret restrictions, end-user license agreements, or EULAs, and the implementation and enforcement of nondisclosure and other contractual restrictions. Despite these efforts, we may be unable to effectively protect our proprietary rights and the enforcement of our proprietary rights may be extremely costly. For example, our ability to enforce intellectual property rights in the actual design of our fonts is limited.
We hold patents related to certain of our rasterizer and compression technologies and trademarks on many of our fonts. Our patents may be challenged or invalidated, patents may not issue from any of our pending applications or claims allowed from existing or pending patents may not be of sufficient scope or strength (or may not issue in the countries where products incorporating our technology may be sold) to provide meaningful protection or be of any commercial advantage to us. Some of our patents have been and/or may be licensed or cross-licensed to our competitors. We rely on trademark protection for the
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names of our fonts. Unauthorized parties may attempt to copy or otherwise obtain and distribute our proprietary technologies and fonts. Also, many applications do not need to identify our fonts by name, such as those designs embedded in mobile telephones and set-top boxes, and therefore may not need to license trademarked fonts. We sometimes protect fonts by copyright registration but we do not always own the copyrights in fonts licensed from third parties. In addition, we cannot be certain that we will be able to enforce our copyrights against a third party who independently develops fonts even if it generates font designs identical to ours.
Our EULA generally permits the embedding of our fonts into an electronic document only for the purpose of viewing and printing the document, but technologies may exist or may develop which allow unauthorized persons who receive such an embedded document to use the embedded font for editing the document or even to install the font into an operating system, the same as if the font had been properly licensed. Unauthorized use of our intellectual property or copying of our fonts may dilute or undermine the strength of our brands. Also, we may be unable to generate revenue from products that incorporate our text imaging solutions without our authorization. Monitoring unauthorized use of our text imaging solutions is difficult and expensive. A substantial portion of the CE devices that require text imaging solutions are manufactured in China. We cannot be certain that the steps we take to prevent unauthorized use of our intellectual property will be effective, particularly in countries like China where the laws may not protect proprietary rights as fully as in the United States.
We conduct a substantial portion of our business outside North America and, as a result, we face diverse risks related to engaging in international business.
We have offices in four foreign countries as well as sales staff in three other foreign countries, and we are dedicating a significant portion of our sales efforts in countries outside North America. We are dependent on international sales for a substantial amount of our total revenue. We expect that international sales will continue to represent a substantial portion of our revenue for the foreseeable future. This future international revenue will depend on the continued use and expansion of our text imaging solutions, including the licensing of our technologies and fonts worldwide.
We are subject to the risks of conducting business internationally, including:
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our ability to enforce our contractual and intellectual property rights, especially in those foreign countries that do not respect and protect intellectual property rights to the same extent that the United States does, which increases the risk of unauthorized and uncompensated use of our text imaging solutions; |
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United States and foreign government trade restrictions, including those that may impose restrictions on importation of programming, technology or components to or from the United States; |
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foreign government taxes, regulations and permit requirements, including foreign taxes that we may not be able to offset against taxes imposed upon us in the United States, and foreign tax and other laws limiting our ability to repatriate funds to the United States; |
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foreign labor laws, regulations and restrictions; |
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changes in diplomatic and trade relationships; |
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difficulty in staffing and managing foreign operations; |
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political instability, natural disasters, war and/or events of terrorism; and |
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the strength of international economies. |
We also face risks related to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, in particular fluctuations in the exchange rate of the Japanese yen, the European Communitys euro, and the United Kingdoms pound sterling, including risks related to hedging activities we may undertake. For example, prior to instituting foreign currency hedging, we recorded losses on foreign currency exchange of $1.4 million in 2005 primarily due to fluctuation in the value of the Japanese yen relative to the United States dollar. In 2006 and the three months ended March 31, 2007, approximately 41% and 41%, respectively, of our total revenue was denominated in foreign currencies. Although we attempt to mitigate a portion of these risks through foreign currency hedging, these activities may not effectively offset the adverse financial effect resulting from unfavorable movements in currency exchange rates.
Our text imaging solutions compete with solutions offered by some of our customers, which have significant competitive advantages.
We face competitive risks in situations where our customers are also current or potential competitors. For example, Adobe is a significant licensee of our text imaging solutions, but Adobe is also a competitor with respect to the licensing of technologies and fonts. To the extent that Adobe or our other customers choose to utilize competing text imaging solutions they have developed or in which they have an interest, rather than utilizing our solutions, our business and operating results could be adversely affected. Adobe also offers broader product lines than we do, including software products outside of the text imaging solutions markets that provide Adobe with greater opportunities to bundle and cross-sell products to its large user base. To the extent our customers were to offer text imaging solutions comparable to ours at a similar or lower price, our revenue could decline and our business would be harmed.
The Microsoft Windows Vista operating system could have an adverse impact on our future licensing revenue.
Among the changes announced for the new Microsoft Windows Vista operating system are fundamental changes to the printing and networking subsystems within the operating system. Microsoft Windows Vista includes fonts and a new Extensible Markup Language referred to as XML Paper Specification language, or XPS. Should we fail to be compatible with these technologies or if the laser printer market shifts away from PCL and PostScript to Microsoft Windows Vistas language, our licensing revenue could be adversely affected.
We may be forced to litigate to defend our intellectual property rights or to defend against claims by third parties against us relating to intellectual property rights.
Disputes and litigation regarding the ownership of technologies and fonts and rights associated with text imaging solutions, such as ours, are common, and sometimes involve patent holding companies or other adverse patent owners who have no relevant product revenue and against whom our own patents may therefore provide little or no deterrence. Third parties have from time to time claimed, and in the future may claim, that our products and services infringe or violate their intellectual property rights. Any such claims could cause us to incur significant expenses and, if successfully asserted against us, could require that we pay substantial damages and prevent us from selling our products. We may be forced to litigate to enforce or defend our intellectual property rights, to protect our trade secrets or to determine the validity and scope of other parties proprietary rights. Even if we were to prevail, any litigation regarding intellectual property could be costly and time-consuming and divert the attention of our
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management and key personnel from our business operations. We may also be obligated to indemnify our customers or business partners pursuant to any such litigation, which could further exhaust our resources. Furthermore, as a result of an intellectual property challenge, we may be required to enter into royalty, license or other agreements, and we may not be able to obtain such agreements at all or on terms acceptable to us. We have been in the past involved in litigation with third parties, including Adobe, to defend our intellectual property rights and have not always prevailed.
Current and future industry standards may limit our business opportunities.
Various industry leaders have adopted or are in the process of adopting standards for CE devices that incorporate, or have the potential to incorporate, our text imaging solutions. Although we have made some efforts to have our text imaging solutions adopted as standards by industry market leaders, these efforts have been limited and we do not control the ultimate decision with respect to whether our solutions will be adopted as industry standards in the future or, to the extent they are adopted, whether and for how long they will continue as such. If industry standards adopted exclude our solutions, we will lose market share and our ability to secure the business of OEMs subject to those standards will be adversely affected. Costs or potential delays in the development of our solutions to comply with such standards could significantly increase our expenses and place us at a competitive disadvantage compared to others who comply faster or in a more cost efficient way or those whose solutions are adopted as the industry standard. We may also need to acquire or license additional intellectual property rights from third parties which may not be available on commercially reasonable terms, and we may be required to license our intellectual property to third parties for purposes of standards compliance.
We rely on the manufacturers to whom we license our text imaging solutions to accurately prepare royalty reports for our determination of licensing revenue, and if these reports are inaccurate, our revenue may be under- or over-stated and our forecasts and budgets may be incorrect.
Our license revenue is generated primarily from royalties paid by CE device manufacturers who license our text imaging solutions and incorporate them into their products. Under these arrangements, these licensees typically pay us a specified royalty for every consumer hardware device they ship that incorporates our text imaging solutions. We rely on our licensees to accurately report the number of units shipped. We calculate our license fees, prepare our financial reports, projections and budgets and direct our licensing and technology development efforts based in part on these reports. However, it is often difficult for us to independently determine whether or not our licensees are reporting shipments accurately. We understand that CE device manufacturers in specific countries have a history of underreporting or failing to report shipments of their products. We are beginning to implement an audit program of our licensees records, but the effects of this program may be limited as audits are generally expensive and time consuming and initiating audits could harm our relationships with licensees. In addition, our audit rights are contractually limited. To the extent that our licensees understate or fail to report the number of products incorporating our text imaging solutions that they ship, we will not collect and recognize revenue to which we are entitled. Alternatively, we may encounter circumstances in which an OEM customer may notify us that it previously reported and paid royalties on units in excess of what the customer actually shipped. In such cases, we may be required to give our licensee a credit for the excess royalties paid which would result in a reduction in revenue in the period in which a credit is granted, and such a reduction could be material.
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Open source software may make us more vulnerable to competition because new market entrants and existing competitors could introduce similar products quickly and cheaply.
Open source refers to the free sharing of software code used to build applications in the software development community. Individual programmers may modify and create derivative works and distribute them at no cost to the end-user. To the extent that open source software is developed that has the same or similar functionality as our technologies, demand for our text imaging solutions may decline, we may have to reduce the prices we charge for our text imaging solutions and our results of operations may be negatively affected.
The technologies in our text imaging solutions may be subject to open source licenses, which may restrict how we use or distribute our technologies or require that we release the source code of certain technologies subject to those licenses.
Certain open source licenses, such as the GNU Lesser General Public License, require that source code subject to the license be released or made available to the public. Such open source licenses typically mandate that proprietary technologies, when combined in specific ways with open source software, become subject to the open source license. We take steps to ensure that our proprietary technologies are not combined with, or do not incorporate, open source software in ways that would require our proprietary technologies to be subject to an open source license. However, few courts have interpreted the open source licenses, and the manner in which these licenses may be interpreted and enforced is therefore subject to uncertainty. While our EULA prohibits the use of our technologies in any way that would cause them to become subject to an open source license, our OEM customers could, in violation of our EULA, combine our technologies with technologies covered by an open source license.
In addition, we rely on multiple software engineers to design our proprietary text imaging solutions. Although we take steps to ensure that our engineers do not include open source software in the technologies they design, we may not exercise complete control over the product development efforts of our engineers and we cannot be certain that they have not incorporated open source software into our proprietary technologies. In the event that portions of our proprietary technologies are determined to be subject to an open source license, we might be required to publicly release the affected portions of our source code, which could reduce or eliminate our ability to commercialize our text imaging solutions. Also, our ability to market our text imaging solutions depends in part on the existence of proprietary operating systems. If freely distributed operating systems like Linux become more prevalent, the need for our solutions may diminish and our revenue could be adversely affected. Finally, in the event we develop technologies that operate under or are delivered under an open source license, such technologies may have little or no direct financial benefit to us.
Our licensing revenue depends in large part upon OEMs incorporating our text imaging solutions into their products and if our solutions are not incorporated in these products or fewer products are sold that incorporate our solutions, our revenue will be adversely affected.
Our licensing revenue from OEMs depends upon the extent to which these OEMs embed our technologies in their products. We do not control their decision whether or not to embed our solutions into their products and we do not control their product development or commercialization efforts. If we fail to develop and offer solutions that adequately or competitively address the needs of the changing marketplace, OEMs may not be willing to embed our solutions into their products. The process utilized by OEMs to design, develop, produce and sell their products is generally 12 to 24 months in duration. As a result, if an OEM is unwilling or unable to embed our solutions into a product that it is manufacturing or developing, we may experience significant delays in generating revenue while we wait for that OEM to begin development of a new product that may embed our solutions. In addition, if OEMs sell fewer products incorporating our solutions, our revenue will be adversely affected.
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We will incur increased costs and demands upon management as a result of complying with the laws and regulations affecting public companies, which could affect our operating results.
As a public company we will incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses that we did not incur as a private company, including costs associated with public company reporting requirements. We also have incurred and will incur costs associated with recently adopted corporate governance requirements, including requirements under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, as well as rules implemented by the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, and the Nasdaq Global Market. The expenses incurred by public companies for reporting and corporate governance purposes have been increasing. We expect the rules and regulations applicable to us to increase our legal and financial compliance costs and to make some activities more time-consuming and costly. We are unable to currently estimate these costs with any degree of certainty. In addition, in the current public company environment officers and directors are subject to increased scrutiny and may be subject to increased potential liability. As a result, it may be more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified individuals to serve on our board of directors or as our executive officers. In addition, our management team will also have to adapt to the requirements of being a public company, as most of our senior executive officers have limited, if any, experience in the public company environment. If we are required to implement more complex organizational management structures as a public company, we may find it increasingly difficult to maintain the beneficial aspects of our corporate culture. This could negatively impact our future success.
Our independent registered public accounting firm has advised us that it has identified a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting relating to inadequate financial statement preparation and review procedures, which resulted in the restatement of certain of our quarterly financial statements in 2006.
In connection with the audit of our financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2006, our independent registered public accounting firm reported to our audit committee on April 11, 2007 that they had identified a material weakness in internal control over financial reporting relating to inadequate financial statement preparation and review procedures. A material weakness is a significant deficiency, or combination of significant deficiencies, that results in more than a remote likelihood that a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected. Specifically, our independent registered public accounting firm has determined that we do not have adequate procedures and controls to ensure that accurate financial statements can be prepared and reviewed on a timely basis, including insufficient:
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technical accounting resources, including enough personnel with an appropriate level of experience to review and provide supervision within our accounting and finance departments and handle applicable SEC reporting requirements; |
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qualified local accounting personnel and procedures in place to investigate the transactions of our foreign locations to permit the preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; |
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procedures to ensure that balances and adjustments related to foreign subsidiaries are properly posted to the general ledger; and |
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analysis of reserves and accruals, including professional fees, foreign tax liabilities and royalty accruals. |
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As a result of this material weakness, we identified the following errors in our financial statements for 2006:
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Related to the conversion of the financial statements of Linotype into U.S. GAAP, we improperly capitalized certain costs in the amount of $755,000 rather than recording such costs as general and administrative expense. Correction of this error resulted in an increase in general and administrative expense in the fourth quarter of 2006 by a corresponding amount. This error occurred in the fourth quarter of 2006 and was identified by our independent registered public accounting firm. |
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We improperly accounted for collections of taxes in Japan in the amount of $1.7 million in 2006 as liabilities, but such taxes were not payable due to a provision of Japanese tax law of which we were unaware. Correction of this error resulted in an increase in other income in 2006 of $1.7 million, and required us to restate our quarterly operating results for the first three quarters of 2006. This error began on January 1, 2006 and was discovered by us in connection with the preparation of our annual Japanese tax returns in February 2007. |
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We underaccrued for unbilled legal expenses in the fourth quarter of 2006 due to a failure to inquire of a service provider as to unbilled fees at year end. Correction of this error resulted in an increase of $160,000 in general and administrative expense in the fourth quarter of 2006. This error occurred in the fourth quarter of 2006 and was identified by our independent registered public accounting firm. |
Post-closing adjustments resulting from the foregoing reflected in our financial statements for 2006 had the effect of decreasing other assets, decreasing accrued expenses, increasing operating expenses and increasing other income. For the three months ended March 31, 2006, June 30, 2006 and September 30, 2006, these post-closing adjustments resulted in an increase in other income and a decrease in accrued expenses of $349,000, $581,000 and $255,000, respectively. For the three months ended December 31, 2006, these post-closing adjustments resulted in a decrease in other assets of $755,000, a decrease in accrued expenses of $355,000, an increase in operating expenses of $915,000 and an increase in other income of $463,000.
We concur with the findings of our independent registered public accounting firm and agree that this material weakness still existed at March 31, 2007. We have begun remediation and while we plan to complete this remediation process as quickly as possible, we cannot at this time estimate how long it will take. Remediation will involve hiring additional qualified personnel, which may be difficult to do, and will require expenditures on training, additional control processes and IT infrastructure, which could be expensive.
As part of our efforts to remediate our material weakness, we will be transitioning our Linotype operations from its separate accounting system to the Companys Microsoft Dynamics GP accounting system. This transition could result in corruption or loss of data or other problems that could adversely affect our ability to produce accurate and timely financial statements. If we are unable to produce accurate and timely financial statements, our stock price may be adversely affected and we may be unable to maintain compliance with the listing requirements of the Nasdaq Global Market.
While the cost to date of our remediation effort has not been material, we may incur material costs in the future for the remediation of the material weakness in internal control. We are currently unable to estimate with reasonable certainty the anticipated costs associated with our remediation efforts. Although we believe we will be able to address the material weakness with remedial measures, the measures we take may not be effective, and we may not be able to implement and maintain effective internal control over financial reporting in the future. Failure to remediate this material weakness, or the identification of other material weaknesses in the future, would undermine our ability to prepare accurate and timely financial statements, could result in a lack of investor confidence in our publicly filed information and could adversely affect our stock price.
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If we fail to maintain proper and effective internal controls in the future, our ability to produce accurate financial statements could be impaired, which could adversely affect our ability to operate our business and our stock price.
Implementing adequate internal financial and accounting controls and procedures to ensure that we can produce accurate financial statements on a timely basis is a costly and time-consuming effort that needs to be re-evaluated frequently. Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires annual management assessments of the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting and a report by our independent auditors addressing these assessments. Both we and our independent auditors will be testing our internal controls in connection with the Section 404 requirements and could, as part of that documentation and testing, identify additional material weaknesses, significant deficiencies or other areas for further attention or improvement in the future. Our networks may be vulnerable to security risks and hacker attacks, which may affect our ability to maintain effective internal controls as contemplated by Section 404. Implementing any appropriate changes to our internal controls in the future may require specific compliance training for our directors, officers and employees, entail substantial costs to modify our existing accounting systems, and take a significant period of time to complete. Such changes may not, however, be effective in maintaining the adequacy of our internal controls, and any failure to maintain that adequacy, or consequent inability to produce accurate financial statements on a timely basis, could increase our operating costs and could materially impair our ability to operate our business. In addition, future disclosure regarding our internal controls or investors perceptions that our internal controls are inadequate or that we are unable to produce accurate financial statements may adversely affect our stock price.
Because of their significant stock ownership, some of our existing stockholders will be able to exert substantial control over us and our significant corporate decisions.
Upon completion of this offering, our executive officers, directors and their affiliates will, in the aggregate, beneficially own approximately 58.9% of our outstanding common stock, or 54.3% if the underwriters over-allotment option is exercised in full. As a result, these persons, acting together, will have the ability to control the outcome of all matters submitted to our stockholders for approval, including the election and removal of directors and any merger, consolidation or sale of all or substantially all of our assets. In addition, these persons, acting together, will have the ability to substantially control the management and affairs of our company. This concentration of ownership may harm the market price of our common stock by, among other things:
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delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of our company; |
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causing us to enter into transactions or agreements that are not in the best interests of all stockholders; or |
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discouraging potential acquirors from making offers to purchase our company. |
Our quarterly results and stock price may fluctuate significantly.
We expect our operating results to be subject to quarterly fluctuations. The revenue we generate and our operating results will be affected by numerous factors, including:
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demand for CE devices that include our text imaging solutions; |
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demand for our fonts and custom font design services; |
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delays in product shipment by our customers; |
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industry consolidation; |
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introduction, enhancement and market acceptance of text imaging solutions by us and our competitors; |
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price reductions by us or our competitors or changes in how text imaging solutions are priced; |
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the mix of text imaging solutions offered by us and our competitors; |
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the mix of international and U.S. revenue generated by our solutions; |
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financial implications of acquisitions, in particular foreign acquisitions involving different accounting standards, foreign currency issues, international tax planning requirements and the like; |
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timing of billings to customers on royalty reports received by us under our licensing agreements; and |
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our ability to hire and retain qualified personnel. |
For example, as a result of the schedule of royalty reporting from laser printer and other CE device manufacturers, our OEM revenue in the first quarter of 2006 was lower than the revenue in the prior quarter. In the fourth quarter of 2006, our OEM revenue declined by approximately $889,000 compared to the prior quarter due to the timing of product delivery and billings to a significant customer. Also, as a result of variances on the timing of transactions through our e-commerce websites, our revenue varies from quarter to quarter. In addition, a substantial portion of our quarterly revenue is based on actual shipment by our customers of products incorporating our text imaging solutions in the preceding quarter, and not on contractually agreed upon minimum revenue commitments. Because the shipping of products by our customers is outside our control and difficult to predict, our ability to accurately forecast quarterly revenue is limited. Additionally, under a fixed fee license agreement we have, we have agreed to certain reductions in the fee payable over a period of years. Quarterly fluctuations in our operating results may, in turn, cause the price of our stock to fluctuate substantially. We believe that quarterly comparisons of our financial results are not necessarily meaningful and should not be relied upon as an indication of our future performance.
The loss of key members of our senior management team may prevent us from executing our business strategy.
Our future success depends in large part upon the continued services of key members of our senior management team. All of our executive officers and key employees are at-will employees. Robert M. Givens, our former Chief Executive Officer, retired effective December 31, 2006, after more than 20 years leading Monotype and its predecessors. Mr. Givens was replaced by Douglas J. Shaw who has been with Monotype in various senior management roles during the same period of time. Mr. Givens has been critical to the overall management of Monotype, as well as the development of our solutions, our culture and our strategic direction. The loss of his services or of the services of other key members of our senior management could seriously harm our ability to execute our business strategy. We also may have to incur significant costs in identifying, hiring, training and retaining replacements for key employees.
19
We rely on highly skilled personnel, and if we are unable to retain or motivate key personnel or hire qualified personnel, we may not be able to maintain our operations or grow effectively.
Our performance is largely dependent on the talents and efforts of highly skilled individuals, including font designers who are recognized as leaders in the industry and experienced software engineers. These individuals have acquired specialized knowledge and skills with respect to us and our operations. These individuals can be terminated or can leave our employ at any time. Some of these individuals are consultants. If any of these individuals or a group of individuals were to terminate their employment unexpectedly or end their consulting relationship sooner than anticipated, we could face substantial difficulty in hiring qualified successors, could incur significant costs in connection with their termination and could experience a loss in productivity while any such successor obtains the necessary training and experience.
Our future success depends on our continuing ability to identify, hire, develop, motivate and retain highly skilled personnel and consultants for all areas of our organization. In this regard, if we are unable to hire and train a sufficient number of qualified employees and consultants for any reason or retain employees or consultants with the required expertise, we may not be able to implement our current initiatives or grow effectively or execute our business strategy successfully.
We may expand through acquisitions of other companies, which may divert our managements attention or result in additional dilution to stockholders or use of resources that are necessary to operate other parts of our business.
As part of our business strategy, we may seek to acquire businesses, products or technologies that we believe could complement or expand our products, enhance our technical capabilities or otherwise offer growth opportunities. Acquisitions could create risks for us, including:
| |
difficulties in assimilating acquired personnel, operations and technologies; |
| |
unanticipated costs or liabilities associated with such acquisitions; |
| |
incurrence of acquisition-related costs; |
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diversion of managements attention from other business concerns; |
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use of resources that are needed in other parts of our business; and |
| |
use of substantial portions of our available cash to consummate such acquisitions. |
In addition, a significant portion of the purchase price of companies we acquire may be allocated to acquired goodwill and other intangible assets, which must be assessed for impairment at least annually. In the future, if our acquisitions do not yield expected returns, we may be required to take charges to our earnings based on this impairment assessment process, which could harm our results of operations. Acquisitions could also result in potentially dilutive issuances of equity securities or in the incurrence of debt, which could adversely affect our operating results. In addition, if an acquired business fails to meet our expectations, our operating results may suffer.
Our recent growth through acquisitions may not be representative of future growth.
Our revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2007 was 39.2% higher than our revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2006. Revenue grew approximately 26% due to the inclusion of the results of operations of Linotype and China Type Design, which we acquired in the quarter ended September 30, 2006. We do not expect to sustain similar growth in future periods.
20
Risks Related to the Securities Markets and Investment in our Common Stock
Market volatility may affect our stock price and the value of your investment.
Following this offering, the market price for our common stock is likely to be volatile, in part because our shares have not been previously traded publicly. In addition, the market price of our common stock may fluctuate significantly in response to a number of factors, most of which we cannot control, including:
| |
announcements of new products, services or technologies, commercial relationships, acquisitions or other events by us or our competitors; |
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fluctuations in stock market prices and trading volumes of similar companies; |
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variations in our quarterly operating results; |
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changes in our financial guidance or securities analysts estimates of our financial performance; |
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changes in accounting principles; |
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sales of large blocks of our common stock, including sales by our executive officers, directors and significant stockholders; |
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additions or departures of key personnel; |
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discussion of us or our stock price by the financial press and in online investor communities; and |
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other risks and uncertainties described in these Risk Factors. |
An active public market for our common stock may not develop or be sustained after this offering. We will negotiate and determine the initial public offering price with representatives of the underwriters and this price may not be indicative of prices that will prevail in the trading market. As a result, you may not be able to sell your shares of common stock at or above the offering price.
Anti-takeover provisions in our charter documents and under Delaware law could make an acquisition of us, which may be beneficial to our stockholders, more difficult and may inhibit attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our current management.
Provisions in our certificate of incorporation and by-laws may delay or prevent an acquisition of us or a change in our management. These provisions include a classified board of directors, a prohibition on actions by written consent of our stockholders and the ability of our board of directors to issue preferred stock without stockholder approval. In addition, because we are incorporated in Delaware, we are governed by the provisions of Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, which limits the ability of stockholders owning in excess of 15% of our outstanding voting stock to merge or combine with us. Although we believe these provisions collectively provide for an opportunity to obtain greater value for stockholders by requiring potential acquirors to negotiate with our board of directors, they would apply even if an offer rejected by our board were considered beneficial by some stockholders. In addition, these provisions may frustrate or prevent any attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our current management by making it more difficult for stockholders to replace members of our board of directors, which is responsible for appointing the members of our management.
21
We do not intend to pay dividends on our common stock.
We have never declared or paid any cash dividend on our common stock. We currently anticipate that we will retain future earnings for the development, operation and expansion of our business and the repayment of indebtedness and do not anticipate declaring or paying any cash dividends for the foreseeable future. Moreover, our senior credit agreement relating to our senior credit facility arranged by Wells Fargo Foothill, Inc., or First Lien Credit Facility, imposes restrictions on our ability to declare and pay dividends.
Future sales of our common stock may cause our stock price to decline.
As of March 31, 2007, there were 27,559,945 shares of our common stock outstanding, including the exercise after March 31, 2007 of stock options to purchase 12,312 shares of common stock that are being sold in this offering and 413,345 shares of our restricted common stock issuable as of June 1, 2007 upon conversion of the notes issued in connection with the acquisition of China Type Design upon the closing of this offering. Of these, 5,000,000 shares are being sold in this offering by the selling stockholders (or 6,650,000 shares, if the underwriters exercise their over-allotment option in full), 463,153 vested shares may be sold between the date of this offering and 180 days after the date of this offering, 21,568,224 shares may be sold upon expiration of lock-up agreements 180 days after the date of this offering and the remaining shares may be sold from time to time thereafter upon expiration of their respective one-year holding periods under Rule 144 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act. In addition, as of March 31, 2007 and after giving effect to the exercise of options for shares that will be included in this offering, we had outstanding options to purchase up to 2,390,660 shares of common stock that, if exercised, will result in these additional shares becoming available for sale prior to or upon expiration of the lock-up agreements. A large portion of our shares and options are held by a small number of persons and investment funds. Sales by these stockholders or optionholders of a substantial number of shares after this offering could significantly reduce the market price of our common stock. Moreover, after this offering, the holders of 19,631,950 shares of common stock (or 17,987,226 shares, if the underwriters exercise their over-allotment option in full) will have rights, subject to some conditions, to require us to file registration statements covering the shares they currently hold, or to include these shares in registration statements that we may file for ourselves or other stockholders.
We also intend to register all common stock underlying currently outstanding options and all common stock that we may issue under the 2007 Option Plan. Effective upon the completion of this offering, an aggregate of 4,383,560 shares of our common stock will be reserved for future issuance under the 2007 Option Plan, together with any shares that are forfeited under the 2004 Option Plan. Once we register shares subject to outstanding options or the 2007 Option Plan, which we plan to do shortly after the completion of this offering, they can be freely sold in the public market upon issuance, subject to the lock-up agreements referred to above. If a large number of these shares are sold in the public market, the sales could reduce the trading price of our common stock. See Shares Eligible for Future Sale for a more detailed description of sales that may occur in the future.
We may require additional capital, and raising additional funds by issuing securities or additional debt financing may cause dilution to existing stockholders, restrict our operations or require us to relinquish proprietary rights.
After application of the net proceeds of this offering as described in Use of Proceeds, we expect to have cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities of approximately $ 4.6 million, based on our March 31, 2007 balance sheet. We may need to raise additional capital in the future. We may raise additional funds through public or private equity offerings or debt financings. To the extent that we raise
22
additional capital by issuing equity securities, our existing stockholders ownership will be diluted. Any new debt financing we enter into may involve covenants that restrict our operations more than our current credit facilities. These restrictive covenants would likely include limitations on additional borrowing, specific restrictions on the use of our assets as well as prohibitions on our ability to create liens, pay dividends, redeem our stock or make investments.
Our substantial indebtedness could affect our financing options and liquidity.
Upon closing of this offering and after application of the net proceeds as described in Use of Proceeds, and after giving effect to the amendment of one of our credit facilities effective upon the completion of this offering, we will have $140.0 million of debt outstanding and an undrawn $20.0 million revolving credit facility. Our indebtedness is secured by substantially all of our assets and could have important consequences to our business or the holders of our common stock, including:
| |
limiting our ability to obtain additional financing in the future for working capital, capital expenditures or acquisitions; |
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requiring a significant portion of our cash flow from operations to be dedicated to the payment of the principal of and interest on our indebtedness, thereby reducing funds available for other purposes; |
| |
making us more vulnerable to economic downturns and limiting our ability to withstand competitive pressures; and |
| |
preventing us from paying dividends on our common stock. |
We are subject to restrictive debt covenants that impose operating and financial restrictions on us and could limit our ability to grow our business.
Covenants in our credit facility impose significant operating and financial restrictions on us. These restrictions prohibit or limit, among other things, our incurrence of additional indebtedness, acquisitions, asset sales and creation of certain types of liens. These restrictions could limit our ability to take advantage of business opportunities. Furthermore, our indebtedness requires us to maintain specified financial ratios and to satisfy specified financial condition tests and under certain circumstances requires us to make annual and quarterly mandatory prepayments with a portion of our available cash. Our ability to comply with these ratios or tests may be affected by events beyond our control, including prevailing economic, financial and industry conditions. In 2005, 2006 and 2007, we received a waiver with respect to the deadline for the completion of our audited financial statements for the prior year and the timing of the annual prepayment with a portion of our available cash. If we are unable to comply with the covenants and ratios in our current credit facility in the future, we may be unable to obtain additional waivers of non-compliance from the lenders, which would put us in default under the facility, or we may be required to pay substantial fees or penalties to the lenders. Either development could have a material adverse effect on our business.
You will suffer immediate and substantial dilution in the net tangible book value of the common stock you purchase.
The initial public offering price of our common stock is substantially higher than the net tangible book value per share of our outstanding common stock immediately after this offering. Purchasers of common stock in this offering will experience immediate dilution of approximately $18.65 per share in net tangible book value of the common stock. See Dilution.
23
FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS AND PROJECTIONS
This prospectus contains forward looking statements. Forward looking statements relate to future events or our future financial performance. We generally identify forward looking statements by terminology such as may, will, should, expects, plans, anticipates, could, intends, target, projects, contemplates, believes, estimates, predicts, potential or continue or the negative of these terms or other similar words. These statements are only predictions. We have based these forward looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and financial trends that we believe may affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. The outcome of the events described in these forward looking statements is subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors described in Risk Factors and elsewhere in this prospectus. Accordingly, you should not rely upon forward looking statements as predictions of future events. We cannot assure you that the events and circumstances reflected in the forward looking statements will be achieved or occur, and actual results could differ materially from those projected in the forward looking statements.
The forward looking statements made in this prospectus relate only to events as of the date on which the statements are made. We undertake no obligation to update any forward looking statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which the statement is made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.
This prospectus also contains market data related to our business and industry. This market data includes projections that are based on a number of assumptions. If these assumptions turn out to be incorrect, actual results may differ from the projections based on these assumptions. As a result, our markets may not grow at the rates projected by this data, or at all. The failure of these markets to grow at these projected rates may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations and on the market price of our common stock.
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We conduct our operations through six operating subsidiaries:
| |
In the United States, we conduct business through Monotype Imaging, a Delaware corporation, and International Typeface Corporation, a New York corporation, or ITC. |
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In Asia, we conduct business through China Type Design and Monotype Imaging KK, or Monotype Japan. |
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In Europe, we conduct business through Monotype Imaging Ltd., or Monotype UK, and Linotype. |
ITC, China Type Design, Monotype Japan and Monotype UK are owned directly by Monotype Imaging. Monotype Imaging and Linotype are wholly-owned by IHC, our wholly-owned subsidiary.
Our fiscal year ends on December 31. Accordingly, a reference to 2006 in this prospectus refers to the 12-month period that ended on December 31, 2006.
We own, have rights to, or have applied for the trademarks and trade names that we use in conjunction with our business, including our name and our logo. All other trademarks and trade names appearing in this prospectus are the property of their respective holders.
This prospectus was set in fonts from the Mentor type face family drawn by British type designer Michael Harvey in 2005. It is a twenty-first century English interpretation of classic roman letterforms and is available exclusively from us.
25
We estimate that the net proceeds of the sale of the common stock that we are offering will be approximately $73.6 million, assuming an initial public offering price of $14.00 per share, the midpoint of the range on the cover page of this prospectus, and after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses that we must pay. We will not receive any of the proceeds of the sale of shares of common stock by the selling stockholders. See Principal and Selling Stockholders.
A $1.00 increase (decrease) in the assumed initial public offering price of $14.00 per share would increase (decrease) the net proceeds to us from this offering by approximately $5.6 million, assuming the number of shares offered by us, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same and after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us.
We intend to use the net proceeds from this offering received by us, together with the $10.2 million in proceeds from the increase in our term loan under our First Lien Credit Facility, to:
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repay in full our term loan arranged by D.B. Zwirn, or the Second Lien Credit Facility, in the amount of $72.1 million, which includes $2.1 million in prepayment penalties; and |
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redeem the shares of redeemable preferred stock issuable upon conversion of the convertible preferred stock from TA Associates, D.B. Zwirn and the Investing Employees in the amount of $9.7 million. |
We intend to use the balance of the net proceeds of this offering for working capital and other general corporate purposes, which may include further paydowns of our indebtedness.
After giving effect to this offering, TA Associates will hold approximately 52.4% of our common stock. Messrs. Johnston and Meeks, both directors of Monotype, are Managing Directors of TA Associates. After giving effect to this offering, D.B. Zwirn will hold approximately 3.2% of our common stock. See Principal and Selling Stockholders.
The terms of the Second Lien Credit Facility were amended in July 2006 to increase the term loan from $65 million to $70 million and the proceeds were used in connection with the acquisition of Linotype. Our Second Lien Credit Facility is due and payable in full on July 28, 2011. At our option, borrowing under the Second Lien Credit Facility bears interest at either (i) the prime rate plus a margin, as defined by the credit agreement, or (ii) the London interbank offered rate, or LIBOR, plus a margin as defined by the credit agreement, payable monthly. As of March 31, 2007, the interest rate on our Second Lien Credit Facility was 12.10%. See Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations Liquidity and Capital Resources.
Our board of directors will continue to have discretion in determining whether to declare or pay dividends, which will depend upon our financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements and other factors our board of directors deems relevant. We currently anticipate that we will retain future earnings for the development, operation and expansion of our business and the repayment of indebtedness. Accordingly, we do not anticipate declaring or paying any cash dividends for the foreseeable future. Moreover, our senior credit agreement relating to our First Lien Credit Facility imposes restrictions on our ability to declare and pay dividends.
26
(in thousands, except for share data)
The following table sets forth our capitalization as of March 31, 2007:
| |
on an actual basis; |
| |
on an as adjusted basis to reflect the increase in our term loan under our First Lien Credit Facility to $140.0 million, the conversion of all of our convertible preferred stock into common stock and redeemable preferred stock, the immediate redemption of the redeemable preferred stock, the sale of 6,000,000 shares of common stock that we are offering at an assumed initial public offering price of $14.00 per share, the midpoint of the range on the cover page of this prospectus, 413,345 shares of our restricted common stock issuable upon conversion of the notes issued in connection with the acquisition of China Type Design upon the closing of this offering and the application of the estimated net proceeds of this offering and the amendment of our term loan as described in Use of Proceeds. |
You should read the following table in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes and Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations appearing elsewhere in this prospectus.
|
As of March 31, 2007 |
||||||||
| Actual | As Adjusted(1) | |||||||
|
Long-term debt: |
||||||||
|
Current |
$ | 13,291 | $ | 14,024 | ||||
|
Long-term(2) |
187,437 | 122,675 | ||||||
|
Total long-term debt, including current portion |
200,728 | 136,699 | ||||||
|
Convertible redeemable preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 5,994,199 shares authorized; 5,840,354 shares issued and outstanding, actual; no shares issued and outstanding, as adjusted(3) |
53,876 | | ||||||
|
Stockholders equity: |
||||||||
|
Preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share, no shares authorized, actual; 10,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued and outstanding, as adjusted |
| | ||||||
|
Common stock, par value $0.001 per share, 40,000,000 shares authorized, 3,772,872 shares issued and outstanding, actual; 250,000,000 shares authorized, 33,559,945 shares issued and outstanding, as adjusted |
4 | 33 | ||||||
|
Treasury stock, at cost, 40,836 shares, actual and as adjusted |
(41 | ) | (41 | ) | ||||
|
Additional paid-in capital |
1,072 | 119,225 | ||||||
|
Accumulated other comprehensive income |
686 | 686 | ||||||
|
Accumulated deficit |
(25,930 | ) | (28,566 | ) | ||||
|
Total stockholders equity (deficit) |
(24,209 | ) | 91,337 | |||||
|
Total capitalization |
$ | 230,395 | $ | 228,036 | ||||
| (1) | Each $1.00 increase or decrease in the assumed initial public offering price of $ 14.00 per share would increase or decrease, as applicable, the amount of additional paid-in capital, total stockholders equity (deficit) and total capitalization by approximately $5.6 million, assuming the number of shares offered by us, as set forth on the cover of this prospectus, remains the same and after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions payable by us. |
| (2) | Upon completion of this offering and as presented on an as adjusted basis, $70 million owed under our Second Lien Credit Facility will be immediately repaid, plus $2.1 million in pre-payment fees. Our First Lien Credit Facility will be increased to $160.0 million, consisting of a term loan of $140.0 million and a revolving credit facility of up to $20.0 million, effective upon consummation of this offering. |
| (3) | Upon the completion of this offering and as presented on an as adjusted basis, the outstanding shares of convertible preferred stock will convert into an aggregate of 23,361,416 shares of common stock and 5,840,354 shares of redeemable preferred stock. As presented on an as adjusted basis, all shares of redeemable preferred stock will be immediately redeemed upon issuance for an aggregate of $9.7 million. |
Shares issued and outstanding excludes 2,390,660 shares of our common stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding stock options at a weighted average exercise price of $3.657 per share and 4,383,560 additional shares of our common stock reserved for future issuance under the 2007 Option Plan, together with any shares forfeited under the 2004 Option Plan.
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Our pro forma net tangible book value as of March 31, 2007, was $(227.7) million, or $(8.26) per share of common stock. Pro forma net tangible book value per share represents the amount of our total tangible assets less our total liabilities, divided by the number of shares of common stock outstanding as of March 31, 2007, after giving effect to the exercise of options for shares that will be included in this offering, the conversion of all of our convertible preferred stock into shares of our common stock and redeemable preferred stock and the immediate redemption of the redeemable preferred stock and conversion of notes issued in connection with the acquisition of China Type Design, which will occur upon completion of this offering.
After giving effect to the sale by us of 6,000,000 shares of common stock in this offering at an assumed initial public offering price of $14.00 per share, the midpoint of the range on the cover page of this prospectus, and after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us and application of the net proceeds of the offering as described in Use of Proceeds, our adjusted pro forma net tangible book value as of March 31, 2007, would have been approximately $(156.3) million, or approximately $(4.66) per share. This amount represents an immediate increase in pro forma net tangible book value of $3.60 per share to our existing stockholders and an immediate dilution in pro forma net tangible book value of approximately $18.66 per share to new investors purchasing shares of common stock in this offering at the assumed initial public offering price. The following table illustrates this dilution on a per share basis:
|
Assumed initial public offering price per share |
$ | 14.00 | ||||||
|
Pro forma net tangible book value as of March 31, 2007 |
$ | (8.26 | ) | |||||
|
Increase per share attributable to new investors |
3.60 | |||||||
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Adjusted pro forma net tangible book value per share after this offering |
$ | (4.66 | ) | |||||
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Dilution in pro forma net tangible book value per share to new investors |
$ | 18.66 | ||||||
A $1.00 increase (decrease) in the assumed initial public offering price of $14.00 per share would increase (decrease) our adjusted pro forma net tangible book value as of March 31, 2007 by approximately $5.6 million, the adjusted pro forma net tangible book value per share after this offering by $0.17 and the dilution in adjusted pro forma net tangible book value to new investors in this offering by $0.17 per share, assuming the number of shares offered by us, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same and after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us.
In addition, the above discussion and table assume no exercise of stock options after March 31, 2007. As of March 31, 2007 and after giving effect to the exercise of options for shares that will be included in this offering, we had outstanding options to purchase a total of 2,390,660 shares of common stock at a weighted average exercise price of $3.657 per share. If all such options had been exercised as of March 31, 2007, adjusted pro forma net tangible book value would be $(4.11) per share and dilution to new investors would be $ 18.11 per share.
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The following table summarizes, as of March 31, 2007, the differences between the number of shares purchased from us, the total consideration paid to us and the average price per share that existing stockholders and new investors paid, in each case net of amounts distributed to holders of our convertible redeemable preferred stock in our August 2005 recapitalization and net of the redemption of our redeemable preferred stock immediately after this offering. The table gives effect to the conversion of all of our convertible preferred stock into shares of our common stock and redeemable preferred stock, the immediate redemption of the redeemable preferred stock, the issuance of shares of our restricted common stock issuable as of June 1, 2007 upon conversion of the notes issued in connection with the acquisition of China Type Design, which will occur upon completion of this offering, and the exercise of options for shares that will be included in this offering. The calculation below is based on an assumed initial public offering price of $14.00 per share, the midpoint of the range on the cover page of this prospectus, and before deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses that we must pay.
| Shares Purchased | Total Consideration |
Average Price Per Share |
||||||||||||
| Number | % | Amount | % | |||||||||||
|
Existing stockholders |
27,559,945 | 82.1 | % | $ | 1,595,707 | 1.9 | % | $ | 0.057 | |||||
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New investors |
6,000,000 | 17.9 | % | 84,000,000 | 98.1 | % | $ | 14.00 | ||||||
|
Total |
33,559,945 | 100.0 | % | $ | 85,595,707 | 100.0 | % | $ | 2.55 | |||||
A $1.00 increase (decrease) in the assumed initial public offering price of $14.00 per share would increase (decrease) total consideration paid to us by investors participating in this offering by approximately $5.6 million, assuming the number of shares offered by us, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same and after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us.
The discussion and tables above assume no exercise of the underwriters over-allotment option and no sale of common stock by the selling stockholders. The sale of 5,000,000 shares of common stock to be sold by the selling stockholders in this offering will reduce the number of shares held by existing stockholders to 22,559,945, or 67.2% of the total shares outstanding, and will increase the number of shares held by investors participating in this offering to 11,000,000, or 32.8% of the total shares outstanding. In addition, if the underwriters over-allotment option is exercised in full, the number of shares of common stock held by existing stockholders will be further reduced to 20,909,945, or 62.3% of the total number of shares of common stock to be outstanding after this offering, and the number of shares of common stock held by investors participating in this offering will be further increased to 12,650,000, or 37.7% of the total number of shares of common stock to be outstanding after this offering.
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SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA
(in thousands, except per share data)
The following selected consolidated financial data should be read in conjunction with, and is qualified by reference to, our consolidated financial statements and related notes and Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations appearing elsewhere in this prospectus. The data presented as of and for the years ended December 31, 2002 and 2003 is derived from the audited consolidated financial statements of our predecessor that are not included in this prospectus. The data presented as of December 31, 2004 is derived from our audited consolidated financial statements not included in this prospectus. The data presented for the predecessor period from January 1, 2004 through November 4, 2004 and the post-acquisition period from November 5, 2004 through December 31, 2004 and are derived from our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. The data presented as of and for the years ended December 31, 2005 and December 31, 2006 reflect our operations after we were acquired from Agfa and is derived from our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. The data for the year ended December 31, 2006 includes the operating results of Linotype, following our acquisition of Linotype on August 1, 2006, and the results of operations of China Type Design, following our acquisition of China Type Design on July 28, 2006. The data for the three months ended March 31, 2006 and 2007 and as of March 31, 2007 is derived from our unaudited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. The data for the three months ended March 31, 2007 includes the operating results of Linotype, following our acquisition of Linotype on August 1, 2006, and the results of operations of China Type Design, following our acquisition of China Type Design on July 28, 2006. In the opinion of our management, our unaudited consolidated financial statements include all the adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair presentation of those statements. Results for the three months ended March 31, 2007 are not necessarily indicative of results expected for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2007, or for any other future period.
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|
Year Ended
December 31, |
January 1,
|
November 5,
2004 to December 31, 2004 |
Year Ended December 31, |
Three Months Ended
March 31, |
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| 2002 | 2003 | 2005 | 2006 | 2006 | 2007 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Predecessor) | (Successor) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Consolidated Statement of Operations Data: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Revenue: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
OEM |
$ | 32,180 | $ | 37,907 | $ | 41,563 | $ | 10,821 | $ | 59,073 | $ | 64,268 | $ | 14,794 | $ | 17,263 | ||||||||||||||||
|
Creative professional |
9,350 | 9,800 | 10,447 | 2,216 | 14,703 | 21,936 | 3,672 | 8,447 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Total revenue |
41,530 | 47,707 | 52,010 | 13,037 | 73,776 | 86,204 | 18,466 | 25,710 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of revenue | 7,460 | 6,961 | 8,577 | 1,224 | 9,513 | 8,305 | 2,132 | 2,747 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of revenueamortization of acquired technology | 340 | 607 | 728 | 401 | 2,408 | 3,021 | 675 | 844 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Marketing and selling | 8,243 | 9,679 | 9,299 | 1,853 | 11,730 | 14,931 | 3,043 | 4,531 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Research and development | 6,854 | 9,291 | 8,290 | 1,835 | 10,668 | 13,813 | 2,928 | 4,049 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General and administrative | 4,800 | 5,931 | 7,948 | 1,081 | 5,639 | 10,112 | 1,817 | 3,536 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transaction bonus | | | 25,207 | | | | | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization of other intangible assets | 448 | 629 | 607 | 1,073 | 6,459 | 6,687 | 1,613 | 1,779 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Total costs and expenses |
28,145 | 33,098 | 60,656 | 7,467 | 46,417 | 56,869 | 12,208 | 17,486 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Income (loss) from operations |
13,385 | 14,609 | (8,646 | ) | 5,570 | 27,359 | 29,335 | 6,258 | 8,224 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Other (income) expense: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Interest expense |
| | | 2,055 | 14,893 | 19,687 | 4,131 | 5,344 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Interest income |
(135 | ) | (794 | ) | (335 | ) | (21 | ) | (158 | ) | (171 | ) | (16 | ) | (21 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
|
(Gain) loss on foreign exchange |
| | | | 1,427 | (592 | ) | 12 | (140 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
|
(Gain) loss on interest rate caps |
| | | 238 | (503 | ) | (490 | ) | (389 | ) | 259 | |||||||||||||||||||||
|
Other (income) expense, net |
230 | 243 | 109 | 46 | | (1,621 | ) | (345 | ) | (246 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
|
Dividend income |
| | | | (105 | ) | (461 | ) | | | ||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Total other (income) expense |
95 | (551 | ) | (226 | ) | 2,318 | 15,554 | 16,352 | 3,393 | 5,196 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Income (loss) before provision for income taxes |
13,290 | 15,160 | (8,420 | ) | 3,252 | 11,805 | 12,983 | 2,865 | 3,028 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Provision (benefit) for income taxes |
5,432 | 6,052 | (2,817 | ) | 1,338 | 4,684 | 5,921 | 1,151 | 1,448 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Net income (loss) |
$ | 7,858 | $ | 9,108 | $ | (5,603 | ) | $ | 1,914 | $ | 7,121 | $ | 7,062 | $ | 1,714 | $ | 1,580 | |||||||||||||||
|
Net income (loss) available to common stockholders |
$ | 7,858 | $ | 9,108 | $ | (5,603 | ) | $ | 106 | $ | 92 | $ | (17,325 | ) | $ | (1,420 | ) | $ | (12,126 | ) | ||||||||||||
|
Earnings (loss) per common share data: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Basic |
$ | 7,858.00 | $ | 9,108.00 | $ | (5,603.00 | ) | $ | 0.08 | $ | 0.07 | $ | (7.37 | ) | $ | (0.68 | ) | $ | (4.35 | ) | ||||||||||||
|
Diluted |
$ | 7,858.00 | $ | 9,108.00 | $ | (5,603.00 | ) | $ | 0.07 | $ | 0.05 | $ | (7.37 | ) | $ | (0.68 | ) | $ | (4.35 | ) | ||||||||||||
|
Weighted average number of shares: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Basic |
1,000 | 1,000 | 1,000 | 1,371,016 | 1,417,484 | 2,351,356 | 2,079,716 | 2,786,916 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Diluted |
1,000 | 1,000 | 1,000 | 26,000,656 | 27,421,316 | 2,351,356 | 2,079,716 | 2,786,916 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Pro forma net income available to common stockholders |
$ | 7,062 | $ | 1,580 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Pro forma earnings per share: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Basic |
$ | 0.27 | $ | 0.06 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Diluted |
$ | 0.24 | $ | 0.06 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Pro forma weighted average number of shares: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Basic |
25,721,480 | 26,148,332 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Diluted |
28,238,692 | 28,649,648 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| December 31, | March 31, | |||||||||||||||||||
| 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | |||||||||||||||
|
(Predecessor) |
(Successor) |
|||||||||||||||||||
|
Consolidated Summary Balance Sheet Data: |
||||||||||||||||||||
|
Cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 2,355 | $ | 1,758 | $ | 9,237 | $ | 10,784 | $ | 8,540 | $ | 6,838 | ||||||||
|
Total current assets |
52,735 | 65,442 | 16,146 | 16,199 | 16,362 | 20,541 | ||||||||||||||
|
Total assets |
57,190 | 72,745 | 211,761 | 203,879 | 270,273 | 273,954 | ||||||||||||||
|
Total current liabilities |
25,906 | 31,709 | 23,893 | 30,552 | 35,337 | 38,057 | ||||||||||||||
|
Total debt |
| | 131,598 | 157,809 | 202,898 | 200,728 | ||||||||||||||
|
Convertible redeemable preferred stock |
| | 58,268 | 15,793 | 40,170 | 53,876 | ||||||||||||||
|
Additional paid-in capital |
5,386 | 5,386 | | 226 | 687 | 1,072 | ||||||||||||||
|
Total stockholders equity (deficit) |
29,564 | 38,996 | 1,899 | 3,703 | (12,580 | ) | (24,209 | ) | ||||||||||||
31
UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF INCOME
The unaudited pro forma consolidated statement of income for 2006 gives effect to our acquisition of Linotype as if it had occurred on January 1, 2006. The unaudited pro forma consolidated statement of income has been derived by the application of pro forma adjustments to our historical consolidated statement of operations, which is included elsewhere in this prospectus. The unaudited pro forma consolidated statement of income is prepared based on available information and certain assumptions that we believe are reasonable. The unaudited pro forma statement of income has been prepared in accordance with the rules and regulations of the SEC and is provided for comparison and analysis purposes only and should not be considered indicative of actual results that would have been achieved had our acquisition of Linotype actually been consummated on the date indicated and do not purport to be indicative of results of operations as of any future period. The unaudited pro forma statement of income should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto and other financial information presented elsewhere in this prospectus, including Selected Consolidated Financial Data and Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. The unaudited pro forma consolidated statement of income is based on the assumptions set forth in the notes thereto. The results of operations of Linotype since its acquisition on August 1, 2006 have been included in our consolidated statements of operations and all intercompany transactions have been eliminated. The acquisition of China Type Design has not been included in the pro forma consolidated statement of income because its impact on this statements would not be material.
32
Monotype Imaging Holdings Inc.
Unaudited Pro Forma Consolidated Statement of Income
Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2006
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
| Historical | ||||||||||||||||
| Monotype | Linotype* |
Pro Forma
Adjustments |
Pro Forma
Consolidation |
|||||||||||||
|
Revenue |
$ | 86,204 | $ | 11,921 | $ | (1,436 | )(1) | $ | 96,689 | |||||||
|
Cost of revenue |
8,305 | 2,074 | (1,436 | )(1) | 8,943 | |||||||||||
|
Cost of revenueamortization of acquired technology |
3,021 | | 373 | (2) | 3,394 | |||||||||||
|
Marketing and selling |
14,931 | 3,242 | | 18,173 | ||||||||||||
|
Research and development |
13,813 | 1,377 | | 15,190 | ||||||||||||
|
General and administrative |
10,112 | 2,048 | | 12,160 | ||||||||||||
|
Amortization of other intangible assets |
6,687 | | 352 | (2) | 7,039 | |||||||||||
|
Total costs and expenses |
56,869 | 8,741 | (711 | ) | 64,899 | |||||||||||
|
Income from operations |
29,335 | 3,180 | (725 | ) | 31,790 | |||||||||||
|
Other (income) expense: |
||||||||||||||||
|
Interest (income) expense, net |
19,516 | (5 | ) | 1,285 | (3) | 20,796 | ||||||||||
|
Loss (gain) on foreign exchange |
(592 | ) | (292 | ) | | (884 | ) | |||||||||
|
Loss on interest rate caps |
(490 | ) | | | (490 | ) | ||||||||||
|
Other income, net |
(1,621 | ) | (87 | ) | | (1,708 | ) | |||||||||
|
Dividend income |
(461 | ) | | | (461 | ) | ||||||||||
|
Total other (income) expense |
16,352 | (384 | ) | 1,285 | 17,253 | |||||||||||
|
Income before provision for income taxes |
12,983 | 3,564 | (2,010 | ) | 14,537 | |||||||||||
|
Provision for income taxes |
5,921 | 1,339 | (917 | )(4) | 6,343 | |||||||||||
|
Net income |
$ | 7,062 | $ | 2,225 | $ | (1,093 | ) | $ | 8,194 | |||||||
|
Net loss available to common stockholders |
$ | (17,325 | ) | $ | (16,193 | ) | ||||||||||
|
Pro forma earnings per share: |
||||||||||||||||
|
Basic |
$ | (7.37 | ) | $ | (6.89 | ) | ||||||||||
|
Diluted |
$ | (7.37 | ) | $ | (6.89 | ) | ||||||||||
|
Weighted average number of shares: |
||||||||||||||||
|
Basic |
2,351,356 | 2,351,356 | ||||||||||||||
|
Diluted |
2,351,356 | 2,351,356 | ||||||||||||||
| * | The historical financial information for Linotype is based on Linotypes unaudited financial information for the seven months ended July 31, 2006. Accordingly, this information has been translated into U.S. dollars using an average of the noon buying rate of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York from January 1, 2006 to July 31, 2006 of $1.2360 = 1.00. |
See Notes to the Unaudited Pro Forma Consolidated Statement of Income
33
Notes to the Unaudited Pro Forma Consolidated Statement of Income
(in thousands)
| 1. | Prior to our acquisition of Linotype, we incurred royalty expense related to sales of Linotypes font products. Additionally, we earned royalty revenue from Linotype for its sales of our font products. These pro forma adjustments represent the elimination of these amounts for the period from January 1, 2006 through July 31, 2006. Details are presented in the following table: |
|
Pro Forma
Adjustments |
||||
|
Year Ended
December 31, 2006 |
||||
|
Royalty revenue to Linotype |
$ | (1,392 | ) | |
|
Royalty revenue to Monotype Imaging |
(44 | ) | ||
|
Total |
$ | (1,436 | ) | |
| 2. | These pro forma adjustments represent the additional amortization expense for the intangible assets acquired in connection with the Linotype acquisition as if our acquisition of Linotype occurred on January 1, 2006. We would have recognized additional amortization expense of $725 for the period from January 1, 2006 through July 31, 2006. Details are presented in the following table: |
| 3. | The unaudited pro forma consolidated statement of income assumes that our acquisition of Linotype had occurred on January 1, 2006. Based on this assumption, we would have financed the acquisition with additional debt and amended our existing credit facilities on terms similar to the terms of the actual August 2006 amendments. This pro forma adjustment represents the additional interest expense we would have incurred and the amortization of additional financing costs associated with the amendments for the period from January 1, 2006 through July 31, 2006. An average three-month LIBOR of 5.06% was used to calculate the interest expense for the period from January 1, 2006 through July 31, 2006. Details are presented in the following table: |
|
Pro Forma
Adjustments |
|||
|
Year
Ended
|
|||
|
Interest expense |
$ | 1,130 | |
|
Amortization |
155 | ||
|
Total |
$ | 1,285 | |
| 4. | This pro forma adjustment represents the tax impact of the acquisition of Linotype based on the effective tax rate of 45.6% for the year ended December 31, 2006. |
34
MANAGEMENTS DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
(all U.S. dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated)
You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements, the historical financial statements of Linotype, the pro forma financial statements, and the notes to those statements, appearing elsewhere in this prospectus. This discussion contains forward looking statements reflecting our current expectations that involve risks and uncertainties, such as statements of our plans, objectives, expectations and intentions. The cautionary statements made in this prospectus should be read as applying to all related forward looking statements wherever they appear in this prospectus. Our actual results may differ materially from those indicated in the forward looking statements or reflected in the pro forma financial statements due to a number of factors, including those discussed in Risk Factors and elsewhere in this prospectus.
Overview
We are a leading global provider of text imaging solutions. Our technologies and fonts enable the display and printing of high quality digital text. Our software technologies have been widely deployed across and embedded in a range of CE devices, including laser printers, digital copiers, mobile phones, digital televisions, set-top boxes and digital cameras, as well as in numerous software applications and operating systems. In the laser printer market, we have worked together with industry leaders for over 15 years to provide critical components embedded in printing standards. Our scaling, compression, text layout, color and printer driver technologies solve critical text imaging issues for CE device manufacturers by rendering high quality text on low resolution and memory constrained CE devices. We combine these proprietary technologies with access to over 9,000 typefaces from a library of some of the most widely used designs in the world, including popular names like Helvetica and Times New Roman. We also license our typefaces to creative and business professionals through custom font design services, direct sales and our e-commerce websites fonts.com, itcfonts.com, linotype.com and faces.co.uk, which attracted more than 20 million visits in 2006 from over 200 countries.
Sources of Revenue
We derive revenue from two principal sources: licensing our text imaging solutions to CE device manufacturers and independent software vendors, which we refer to as our OEM revenue, and licensing our fonts to creative and business professionals, which we refer to as our creative professional revenue. We derive our OEM revenue primarily from CE device manufacturers. We derive our creative professional revenue primarily from multinational corporations, graphic designers, advertisers, printers and publishers. Historically, we have experienced and we expect to continue to have lower revenue in the first quarter of the year than in the preceding quarter due to the timing of some contractual payments of licensing fees from our OEM customers.
Our customers are located in the United States, Asia, Europe and throughout the rest of the world, and our operating subsidiaries are located in the United States, Japan, the United Kingdom, Germany and China. We are dependent on international sales by our foreign operating subsidiaries for a substantial amount of our total revenue. Revenue from our Asian subsidiaries is generally from Asian customers and revenue from our other subsidiaries is from customers in a number of different countries, including the United States. For 2006 and the three months ended March 31, 2007, sales by our subsidiaries located outside North America comprised 56.5% and 64.0%, respectively, of our total revenue. We expect that sales by our international subsidiaries will continue to represent a substantial portion of our revenue for the foreseeable future and that this will increase when Linotype and China Type Design revenue is included for a full year. Future international revenue will depend on the continued use and expansion of
35
our text imaging solutions worldwide. The information in the table below summarizes our revenue by the location of our subsidiary receiving such revenue before intercompany eliminations (in millions).
| United States | Asia | United Kingdom | Germany | |||||||||
|
2005 |
$ | 67.7 | $ | 19.9 | $ | 8.3 | N/A | |||||
|
2006 |
72.9 | 33.8 | 9.1 | $ | 7.4 | |||||||
|
Three months ended March 31, 2007 |
19.4 | 9.6 | 2.5 | 5.4 | ||||||||
We derive a majority of our revenue from a limited number of customers, in particular manufacturers of laser printers and mobile phones. In 2006 and during the three months ended March 31, 2007, our top ten licensees by revenue accounted for approximately 53.0% and 48.7%, respectively, of our total revenue. If Linotype had not been included for all of 2006, our top ten licensees by revenue would have accounted for approximately 58.0% of our total revenue for the period. In 2005, our customer Lexmark International, Inc. accounted for more than 10% of our total revenue for the year. Accordingly, if we are unable to maintain relationships with major customers or establish relationships with new customers, our licensing revenue will be adversely affected.
OEM Revenue
Our OEM revenue is derived substantially from per-unit royalties. Under our licensing arrangements we typically receive a royalty for each product unit incorporating our text imaging solutions that is shipped by our OEM customers. We also receive OEM revenue from fixed fee licenses with certain of our OEM customers. Fixed fee licensing arrangements are not based on units the customer ships, but instead, customers pay us on a periodic basis for use of our text imaging solutions. Though significantly less than royalties from per-unit shipments and fixed fees from OEMs, we also receive revenue from software application and operating systems vendors who include our text imaging solutions in their products, and for font development. Many of our licenses continue so long as our OEM customers ship products that include our technology, unless terminated for breach. Other licenses have terms that range from one to ten years, and usually provide for automatic or optional renewals. Revenue from per-unit royalties is recognized in the period during which we receive a royalty report from a customer, typically one quarter after royalty-bearing units are shipped. Revenue from fixed fee licenses is generally recognized when it is billed to the customer, so long as the product has been delivered, the license fee is fixed and non-refundable and collection is probable.
Creative Professional Revenue
Our creative professional revenue is derived from font licenses and from custom font design services. We license fonts directly to end-users through our e-commerce websites, via telephone, email and indirectly through third-party resellers. We also license fonts and provide custom font design services to graphic designers, advertising agencies and corporations.
Revenue from font licenses to our e-commerce customers is recognized upon payment by the customer and electronic shipment of the software embodying the font. Revenue from font licenses to other customers is recognized upon shipment of the software embodying the font. Revenue from resellers is recognized upon notification from the reseller that our font product has been licensed. We generally recognize custom font design services revenue upon delivery.
Cost of Revenue
Our cost of revenue consists of font license fees that we pay on certain fonts that are owned by third parties and allocated internal engineering expense and overhead costs directly related to custom design services. License fees are typically based on a percentage of our OEM and creative professional revenue
36
and do not involve minimum fees. Our cost of OEM revenue is typically lower than that of our cost of creative professional revenue because we own a higher percentage of the fonts licensed to our OEM customers, provide value-added technology and have negotiated lower royalty rates on the fonts we license from third parties because of volume. The cost of our custom design services revenue is substantially higher than the cost of our other revenue and as a result our gross margin varies from period to period depending on the level of custom design revenue recorded. Linotype, which we acquired in 2006, generally has higher cost of revenue.
Cost of revenue also includes amortization of technology acquired in connection with the acquisitions of Linotype and China Type Design and our acquisition from Agfa, which we amortize over 12 to 15 years. For purposes of amortizing acquired technology we estimate the remaining life of the technology based upon various considerations, including our knowledge of the technology and the way our customers use it. We use the straight-line method to amortize our acquired technology. There is no reliable evidence to suggest that we should expect any other pattern of amortization than an even pattern, and we believe this best reflects the expected pattern of economic usage.
Marketing and Selling
Our marketing and selling expense consists of salaries, bonuses, commissions and benefits related to our marketing and selling personnel and their business travel expenses, advertising and trade show expenses, web-related expenses and allocated facilities costs and other overhead expenses.
Sales commission expense varies as a function of revenue and goal achievement from period-to-period. We made a strategic decision to increase our OEM and creative professional marketing and selling headcount in 2006. We expect marketing and selling non-commission expense to increase in 2007 as a result of headcount increases and associated salary increases in 2006 and inflation. We do not currently expect to increase marketing and selling headcount in 2007. Linotypes marketing and selling expense as a percentage of revenue is higher than our historical percentage. We do not currently intend to reduce Linotypes marketing and selling organization or its marketing and selling expense. Thus, we expect marketing and selling expense of the consolidated entity to increase in 2007.
Research and Development
Our research and development expense consists of salaries, bonuses and benefits related to our research and development, engineering, font design and integration support personnel and their business travel expenses, license fees related to certain of our technology licenses, expenses for contracted services and allocated facilities costs and other overhead expenses. Our research and development expense in a given period may be reduced to the extent that internal engineering resources are allocated to cost of revenue for custom design services.
Our research and development is primarily focused on enhancing the functionality of our text imaging solutions and developing new products. From time to time we license third-party font technology in connection with new technology development projects that are part of our research and development efforts. Our research and development costs are expensed as incurred. We made a strategic decision to increase our research and development headcount in 2006 to develop and launch next generation technologies. We expect research and development expense to increase in 2007 as a result of headcount increases and associated salary increases in 2006 and inflation. We do not currently expect to increase research and development headcount in 2007.
37
General and Administrative
Our general and administrative expense consists of salaries, bonuses and benefits related to our general and administrative personnel, accounting, legal and other professional fees, allocated facilities costs and other overhead expenses and insurance costs.
In 2006, our general and administrative expenses were higher compared to 2005 in anticipation of becoming a publicly traded company and we incurred one-time expenses to present Linotypes prior financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP. We expect our general and administrative expense, excluding these one-time expenses, to further increase as we incur additional expenses associated with being a publicly traded company, including costs of comprehensively analyzing, documenting and testing our systems of internal controls and maintaining our disclosure controls and procedures as a result of the regulatory requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, increased professional services fees, higher insurance costs, additional costs associated with general corporate governance and the hiring of additional personnel in connection with the remediation of our material weakness.
Amortization of Other Intangible Assets
On November 5, 2004, through a series of transactions, Monotype Imaging acquired Agfa Monotype for a total purchase price of $194.0 million. On July 28, 2006, we completed the acquisition of the capital stock of China Type Design. On August 1, 2006, we completed the acquisition of the capital stock of Linotype and of certain fonts and related intellectual property. These acquisitions are described in greater detail below under History of the Company. We amortize intangible assets acquired in connection with these transactions as follows:
| |
Customer relationships 10 to 15 years; and |
| |
Non-compete agreements 4 to 6 years. |
For purposes of amortization, we estimated the life of customer relationships based upon various considerations, including our knowledge of the industry and the marketplace in which we operate. We amortize non-compete agreements over the stated life of the agreement. We use the straight line method to amortize our intangible assets. There is no reliable evidence to suggest that we should expect any other pattern of amortization than an even pattern, and we believe this best reflects the expected pattern of economic usage.
Provision (Benefit) for Income Taxes
For 2006, our effective tax rate was 45.6%. The rate is significantly higher than our historical effective tax rates, primarily as a result of an increase in our effective tax rate of 5.9% from 39.7% for 2005 related to U.S. tax on the earnings of our subsidiary, Monotype UK. Since we have, under U.S. tax laws, effectively repatriated these earnings, we have provided for the incremental U.S. tax. Ordinarily, these deemed taxable earnings are offset by foreign tax credits that arise from the foreign taxes paid on the earnings deemed to be distributed by the foreign subsidiary. However, due to net operating loss carryforward deductions available for Monotype UK, no offsetting foreign tax credits were available. Further, since the net operating loss carryforward was acquired with the acquisition of Agfa Monotype in 2004, the tax benefit of these net operating losses has been recognized as a reduction to goodwill, rather than as a reduction to our tax provision. As of December 31, 2006, the Monotype UK net operating losses have been fully utilized, and therefore we do not expect this to recur in future periods.
Our actual payments for taxes are significantly lower than our book tax expense because we amortize goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets for tax purposes. The difference between the amortization
38
for tax purposes and accounting for financial statements in accordance with GAAP gives rise to a deferred tax liability for GAAP. The balance of this GAAP deferred tax liability at December 31, 2006 was $6.8 million. This balance is included with the net intangible assets deferred tax liabilities disclosed in the footnotes to the consolidated financial statements, and is expected to increase each year over the 15 year period that goodwill and indefinite lived intangible assets are amortized for tax purposes, unless goodwill and indefinite lived intangible assets are determined to be impaired for GAAP purposes. In the event of an impairment, a charge would be recognized in our financial statements, and the GAAP deferred tax liability would be reversed. This charge and reversal of the deferred tax liability would not give rise to a payment of taxes. Absent an impairment, the change in these deferred tax liabilities from period to period generally approximates the additional deduction for amortization we receive for tax purposes but not for book tax expense.
History of the Company
Acquisition of Agfa Monotype
At the time of our acquisition from Agfa in November 2004, Agfa operated its font and printer driver technology business through its subsidiary, Agfa Monotype. On November 5, 2004, through a series of transactions described in greater detail below, these assets were acquired by a new entity, Monotype Imaging, which was wholly-owned by TA Associates, D.B. Zwirn and certain of the former officers and employees of Agfa Monotype, in exchange for a total purchase price of $194.0 million, consisting of cash plus the assumption of certain obligations.
Investments in IHC. In connection with our acquisition from Agfa, TA Associates, D.B. Zwirn and certain of the former officers and employees of Agfa Monotype purchased an aggregate of 5,826,750 shares of convertible preferred stock for $58.3 million of IHC, the parent of Monotype Imaging.
Subordinated Notes Guaranteed by IHC . In connection with our acquisition from Agfa, TA Associates, D.B. Zwirn and certain of the former officers and employees of Agfa Monotype loaned certain of our affiliates approximately $20.1 million, which was guaranteed by IHC.
Reinvestment of Transaction Bonus Paid to Agfa Employees . In connection with our acquisition from Agfa, Agfa Monotype was obligated to pay certain former officers and employees of Agfa Monotype a transaction bonus, or Transaction Bonus, in the aggregate amount of approximately $25.2 million. The Transaction Bonus was accrued by the predecessor entity during the period ended November 4, 2004. Approximately $4.9 million of this bonus was used by the officers and employees to purchase shares of IHC and to acquire the subordinated notes described above. Cash payment of $19.1 million was made during the period November 5, 2004 to December 31, 2004, $937 was paid in 2005 and $267 was paid in 2006.
Recapitalization of IHC
In August 2005, IHC entered into a recapitalization transaction and debt refinancing, which resulted in Monotype Imaging Holdings Inc., the issuer in this offering, becoming the parent of IHC. All of the holders of common stock of IHC exchanged their shares for shares of our common stock and all of the holders of shares of convertible preferred stock of IHC exchanged their shares for shares of our convertible preferred stock. In addition, holders of convertible preferred stock received cash payments in the aggregate amount of approximately $48.3 million, which reduced the aggregate liquidation preference of the shares of preferred stock to the aggregate amount of approximately $10.2 million.
As part of the recapitalization, we refinanced our First and Second Lien Credit Facilities, each of which is described in more detail below.
39
Recent Acquisitions
On August 1, 2006, we completed the acquisition of the capital stock of Linotype. We also acquired certain fonts and other intellectual property assets from the seller of the Linotype capital stock. The total purchase price for Linotype and the related intellectual property was approximately $59.7 million in cash, which included the related acquisition costs of approximately $699. The purchase price was financed with proceeds from the term loans under our First and Second Lien Credit Facilities. Linotypes results of operations have been included in our consolidated financial statements since the date of acquisition and all intercompany balances have been eliminated.
On July 28, 2006, we acquired 80.01% of the capital stock of China Type Design for approximately $4.1 million in cash and three promissory notes in the aggregate amount of $600 that are convertible into a total of 413,345 shares of our restricted common stock as of June 1, 2007 upon the closing of this offering. At the time of this acquisition, we already had a 19.99% ownership interest in China Type Design, and following the acquisition, it became our wholly-owned subsidiary. The results of operations of China Type Design have been included in our consolidated financial statements since the date of acquisition and all intercompany balances have been eliminated. Prior to the acquisition, we did not have the ability to exercise significant influence over operating and financial policies of China Type Design, and accordingly, the results of its operations were accounted for using the cost method of accounting.
We accounted for the acquisitions of Linotype and China Type Design using the purchase method of accounting in accordance with SFAS No. 141, Business Combinations , and as a result the consolidated financial statements for the periods prior to the acquisitions are not directly comparable to the consolidated financial statements following the acquisitions.
Critical Accounting Policies
This discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our financial statements which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of these statements in accordance with GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, costs of sales, expenses and related disclosures. We consider an accounting policy to be critical if it is important to our financial condition and results of operations, and if it requires significant judgment and estimates on the part of management in its application. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances and we evaluate our estimates on an ongoing basis. We have discussed the selection and development of the critical accounting policies with our audit committee and it has reviewed the related disclosure in this prospectus. Our actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. If actual results or events differ materially from the judgments and estimates that we have made in reporting our financial position and results, our financial position and results of operations could be materially affected.
While our significant accounting policies are more fully described in Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements appearing at the end of this prospectus, the following accounting policies involve a greater degree of judgment and complexity. Accordingly, these are the policies we believe are the most critical in fully understanding and evaluating our financial condition and results of operations.
Revenue Recognition
We recognize revenue in accordance with Statement of Position, or SOP, 97-2, Software Revenue Recognition, or SOP 97-2, as modified by SOP 98-9, Modifications of SOP 97-2, Software Revenue Recognition, with Respect to Certain Transactions . Revenue is recognized when persuasive evidence of an agreement exists, the product has been delivered or services have been provided, the fee is fixed or determinable, and collection of the fee is probable.
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Income Taxes
We provide for income taxes in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standard, or SFAS, No. 109, Accounting for Income Taxes, or SFAS 109. Under this method, a deferred tax asset or liability is determined based on the difference between the financial statement and the tax basis of assets and liabilities, as measured by enacted tax rates in effect when these differences are expected to be reversed. This process includes estimating current tax exposure together with assessing temporary differences resulting from differing treatment of items for tax and financial accounting purposes. These differences, including differences in the timing of recognition of stock-based compensation expense, result in deferred tax assets and liabilities. We also assess the likelihood that our deferred tax assets will be recovered from future taxable income and, to the extent we believe recovery to be unlikely, we have established a valuation allowance. Significant judgment is required in determining the provision for income taxes, deferred tax assets and liabilities and any valuation allowance against our deferred tax assets. Our financial position and results of operations may be materially affected if actual results significantly differ from these estimates or the estimates are adjusted in future periods.
We calculate our estimated annual effective tax rate for all of our locations within the United States. Our subsidiaries in the United Kingdom, Japan, Germany and China calculate their tax provisions based on the laws of their respective jurisdictions.
In July 2006, the FASB issued Interpretation No. 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes an interpretation of FASB 109 , or FIN 48. FIN 48 clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an enterprises financial statements in accordance with SFAS 109 . FIN 48 prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. FIN 48 also provides guidance on de-recognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting for interim periods, disclosure and transition. We adopted FIN 48 effective January 1, 2007. In accordance with FIN 48, paragraph 19, we have decided to classify interest and penalties as a component of tax expense.
Goodwill and Indefinite Lived Intangible Assets
We assess the impairment of goodwill and indefinite lived intangible assets annually, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of such assets exceeds their fair value. With respect to both goodwill and indefinite lived intangible assets, factors that could trigger an impairment review include significant negative industry or economic trends, exiting an activity in conjunction with a restructuring of operations, or current, historical or projected losses that demonstrate continuing losses associated with an asset. Impairment evaluations involve management estimates of useful lives and future cash flows, including assumptions about future conditions such as future revenue, operating expenses, the fair values of certain assets based on appraisals and industry trends. Actual useful lives and cash flows could be different from those estimated by our management. If this resulted in an impairment of goodwill and indefinite lived intangible assets, it could have a material adverse effect on our financial position and results of operations.
Stock-Based Compensation
General. Effective January 1, 2006, we adopted SFAS No. 123 (revised 2004), Share Based Payment , or SFAS 123R, using the prospective method. SFAS 123R requires that all share-based payments to employees, including grants of stock options and restricted stock, be recognized in the statements of operations based on their fair values at the grant dates. Under this standard, the fair value of each share-based payment award is estimated on the date of grant using an option pricing model that meets certain requirements.
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Prior to January 1, 2006, we accounted for employee stock-based compensation in accordance with the provisions of Accounting Principles Board No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees , or APB 25, and The Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, Interpretation No. 44, Accounting for Certain Transactions Involving Stock Compensation an Interpretation of APB No. 25 , and we complied with the disclosure provisions of SFAS 123, and related SFAS No. 148, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation Transaction and Disclosure . Under APB 25, compensation expense was based on the difference on the date of the grant between the fair value of our stock and the exercise price of the option. We amortized such stock-based compensation, if any, using the straight-line method over the vesting period.
Valuing Awards under SFAS 123R. Prior to the adoption of SFAS 123R, we used the minimum value method for purposes of disclosure under SFAS 123. We currently use the Black-Scholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value of our share-based payment awards. The determination of the fair value of share-based payment awards utilizing the Black-Scholes model is affected by our stock price and a number of assumptions, including expected volatility, expected life, risk-free interest rate and expected dividends. Forfeitures are estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. Stock-based compensation expense recognized in our financial statements in 2006 and thereafter is based on awards that are ultimately expected to vest.
We evaluate the assumptions used to value our awards on a quarterly basis and if factors change and we employ different assumptions, stock-based compensation expense may differ significantly from what we have recorded in the past. If there are any modifications or cancellations of the underlying unvested securities, we may be required to accelerate, increase or cancel any remaining unearned stock-based compensation expense. Future stock-based compensation expense and unearned stock-based compensation will increase to the extent that we grant additional equity awards to employees or we assume unvested equity awards in connection with acquisitions.
Prior to this offering there was no public market for our common stock, and, in connection with our issuance of stock options, our board of directors, with the assistance of management, had the ultimate responsibility for determining the value of our common stock. In the absence of a public market for our common stock, the board of directors considered objective and subjective factors in determining the fair value of our common stock, including the liquidation preferences, redemption rights and conversion rights of our then-outstanding convertible preferred stock and the likelihood and timing of achieving a liquidity event such as an initial public offering or sale of the Company.
Contemporaneous valuation reports of the fair value of our common stock were prepared as of December 31, 2005, March 31, 2006, June 30, 2006, September 30, 2006, December 31, 2006 and March 31, 2007.
The contemporaneous valuation prepared as of December 31, 2005 utilized the current value method and calculated an enterprise value based on a multiple of enterprise value to earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, or EBITDA, used by TA Associates in connection with our acquisition from Agfa on November 5, 2004. The fair value of our common stock was determined by reducing the total estimated enterprise value by the liquidation preference of our preferred stock and our outstanding debt. In addition, a discount for lack of liquidity of 30% was applied and an additional discount of 25% was applied to take into account a less favorable business operating environment.
The contemporaneous valuation prepared as of December 31, 2005 resulted in a fair value of our common stock of $1.695 per share and was used as the exercise price of options to purchase 86,952 shares of our common stock granted on February 16, 2006. Our board of directors determined that the fair value of our common stock on February 16, 2006 was the same as the fair value of our common stock on December 31, 2005 because no significant events that would affect the value of our common stock had occurred between those dates.
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For each quarter beginning March 31, 2006, we used the market approach and the probability weighted expected return method as outlined in the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants Technical Practice Aid, Valuation of Privately-Held Company Equity Securities Issued as Compensation, or the Practice Aid, to determine the fair value of our common stock.
In connection with applying the probability weighted expected return method to value our common stock for each quarter beginning March 31, 2006, a retrospective valuation applying that same methodology was performed to determine the reasonableness of the $1.695 per share common stock value as of December 31, 2005. This analysis resulted in an immaterial difference from the per share value calculated using the current value method.
Under the probability weighted expected return method, the value of our common stock is estimated based upon an analysis of future values of our company assuming various future outcomes, the timing of which is based on the plans of our board of directors and management. Share value is based on the probability weighted present value of expected future investment returns, considering each of the possible outcomes available to us as well as the rights of each share class. The fair value of our common stock was estimated using a probability weighted analysis of the present value of the investment returns under each of four possible liquidity scenarios: we become a public company through the completion of an initial public offering, or the IPO scenario, or a sale to a strategic acquirer, which included a base case, optimistic case, and low case scenarios, or the Sale scenario.
At each valuation date, the selected probability of each liquidity scenario was based on current market conditions, our financial performance, milestones realized by us and any discussions with, or engagement of investment banks, regarding a potential public offering or sale.
In the IPO and Sale scenarios for each of our contemporaneous valuations, we used the market approach to estimate our future expected enterprise value. In applying the market approach, we considered the guideline public company method as described in the Practice Aid, which utilizes valuation multiples indicated by comparable companies to determine fair value. We also considered transactions in our own common stock and pricing multiples from our own completed acquisitions. We began by analyzing the enterprise value to EBITDA multiples of companies identified by us as comparable public companies. We applied this multiple to our projected EBITDA in the year of the expected liquidity event of each scenario. For the IPO and Sale scenarios, the estimated future values of our common stock were calculated using the expected enterprise values based on the market approach discussed above and the expected dates of the future expected initial public offering or sale. The expected enterprise values were discounted at an appropriate risk-adjusted discount rate based on the inherent risk of a hypothetical investment in our common stock. An appropriate rate of return required by a hypothetical investor was determined after considering venture capital rates of return published in the Practice Aid for firms engaged in a bridge financing in anticipation of a later initial public offering, our calculated cost of capital based on the capital asset pricing model and the estimated cost of capital of newly public companies published in the Practice Aid. Our calculated cost of capital was developed based upon a quantitative and qualitative analysis of factors that would impact the discount rate. If different discount rates had been used, the valuations would have been different.
The fair value of our common stock under the Sale scenario was determined by reducing the total estimated enterprise value by the liquidation preference of our preferred stock and our outstanding debt. For the IPO scenario, the total enterprise value was allocated pro rata across all shares on a fully diluted basis, including all shares subject to outstanding options. A discount for lack of liquidity of 15% at March 31, 2006, 12% at June 30, 2006, 6% at September 30, 2006 and December 31, 2006 and 0% at March 31, 2007 was applied to arrive at the fair value of our common stock. If a different discount for lack of liquidity was used at each respective valuation date, the valuation results would have been different. The discount for lack of liquidity was based upon a number of empirical studies, IRS Revenue
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Ruling 77-287 involving the issue of discounts for lack of liquidity and certain other company specific factors such as the prospects for liquidity absent an initial public offering. We also considered a protective put model as a means of estimating the discount for lack of liquidity based on the assumed timing of a liquidity event and the Companys estimated volatility.
Finally, the present value calculated for our common stock under each scenario was then probability weighted based on our estimate of the relative likelihood of occurrence of each scenario. The estimated fair value of our common stock at each valuation date is equal to the sum of the probability weighted present values for each scenario.
We believe that the valuation methodologies used in the contemporaneous valuations are reasonable and consistent with the Practice Aid.
We used a 15% probability weight for the IPO scenario in our March 31, 2006 valuation and we increased this percentage in each valuation going forward to reflect the increased probability of a public offering as significant business milestones were achieved, including the completion of our acquisition in 2006 of Linotype, which was significant to our operations, and our acquisition in 2006 of China Type Design. We also considered discussions with investment banks regarding a public offering in September 2006. The probability weight assigned to an IPO scenario increased from 15% at March 31, 2006 to 25% at June 30, 2006, 45% at September 2006, 55% at December 31, 2006 and 80% at March 31, 2007 as the probability of an IPO increased.
With our board of directors decision to focus on an initial public offering in September 2006, we also considered the possibility of an optimistic sale within a similar timeline, adjusted for the time to complete a sale process, at the same enterprise value as an initial public offering. As a result, the initial public offering and optimistic sale probabilities as of the September 30, 2006, December 31, 2006 and March 31, 2007 valuation dates were together 80%, 80% and 90%, respectively.
The contemporaneous fair values of our common stock increased throughout 2006 reducing the difference between the fair value of our common stock and the estimated initial public offering price range. The increases were caused by achievement of business and operating milestones, consummation of merger and acquisition transactions, the proximity to a potential initial public offering and the engagement of investment banks for a potential public offering. The contemporaneous fair value of our common stock on March 31, 2006 was determined to be $3.105 per share; however, there were no grants made pursuant to this March 31, 2006 valuation. The fair value of our common stock on that date contemplated several factors, including the following:
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As of the March 31, 2006 valuation date, we determined the probability of an IPO scenario of 15%, and collectively the base case, optimistic case and low case Sale scenario were 85%. The 15% probability of an initial public offering was based on our relative size as of the valuation date and the need to complete a major acquisition or realize substantial revenue growth in order to pursue a public offering. |
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The timelines to potential liquidity events ranged from approximately 18 months to 3½ years. |
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The challenges we faced in executing on our business plan. |
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A discounted rate of return of 21% on potential proceeds. |
The fair value of our common stock on June 30, 2006 was determined to be $4.073 and contemplated several factors, including the following:
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As of the June 30, 2006 valuation date, we determined the probability of the IPO scenario of 25%, and collectively the base case, optimistic case and low case Sale scenario was 75%. The increase probability from 15% to 25% probability of an initial public offering was based on our relative size |
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as of the valuation date and the increased likelihood that we may complete a material acquisition. However, these acquisitions were not completed or approved by our board of directors as of June 30, 2006. |
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Between March 31, 2006 and June 30, 2006, our revenue increased for the respective quarters from $18.5 million to $19.5 million. |
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A reduction in the risk adjusted discount rate from 21% to 20%, which represented our cost of capital. |
The contemporaneous fair value of our common stock underlying options to purchase 67,356 shares of our common stock granted on July 14, 2006 was determined to be $4.073 per share. Our board of directors determined that the fair value as of July 14, 2006 was the same as the fair value of our common stock on June 30, 2006 because no significant events that would affect the value of our common stock had occurred between those dates.
The valuation report used to determine the fair value of our common stock as of June 30, 2006 was not completed until October 3, 2006. Accordingly, the grant date of the July 14, 2006 options for accounting purposes was October 3, 2006. We determined that the fair value of our common stock as of October 3, 2006 was $6.498 per share, which we arrived at by straight-line interpolation between the fair value as of September 30, 2006 (determined as described below) and December 31, 2006. As a result, the fair value of these options on the grant date for accounting purposes as calculated under SFAS 123R includes intrinsic value of $2.425 per share.
The contemporaneous fair value of our common stock underlying options to purchase 992,600 shares of our common stock granted on September 30, 2006 was determined to be $6.430 per share. The fair value of our common stock on that date contemplated several factors, including the following:
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We completed the acquisitions of Linotype and China Type Design. |
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We determined the probability of an IPO scenario to be 45% and engaged investment banks to assist us in this process. As a result of completing the acquisitions noted above and engaging investment banks, the likelihood of a short term liquidity event increased significantly. We estimated an 80% probability of experiencing either a public offering or an optimistic sale in 2007 and utilized the same enterprise value for the IPO and optimistic Sale scenarios. |
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A reduction in the risk adjusted discount rate from 20% to 17%, which represented our cost of capital. The reduction in the cost of capital was due to our increased size, geographical diversification and expanded product offerings. |
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Based on our valuation analysis utilizing the market approach, the combined entity including our acquisitions resulted in a higher selected EBITDA multiple than the actual EBITDA multiple paid for Linotype. |
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Between June 30, 2006 and September 30, 2006, our revenue for the respective quarters increased from $19.5 million to $22.8 million. |
The valuation report used to determine the fair value of our common stock as of September 30, 2006 was not completed until October 24, 2006. Accordingly, the grant date of the September 30, 2006 options for accounting purposes was October 24, 2006. We determined that the fair value of our common stock as of October 24, 2006 was $6.970 per share, which we arrived at by straight-line interpolation between the fair value as of September 30, 2006 and December 31, 2006. As a result, the fair value of these options on the grant date for accounting purposes as calculated under SFAS 123R includes intrinsic value of $0.540 per share.
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The contemporaneous fair value of our common stock underlying options to purchase 89,000 shares of our common stock granted on December 31, 2006 was determined to be $8.500 per share. The fair value of our common stock on that date contemplated several factors, including the following:
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Between September 30, 2006 and December 31, 2006, our revenue for the respective quarter increased from $22.8 million to $25.4 million and the fourth quarter EBITDA exceeded our internal estimates. |
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We determined the probability of the IPO scenario to be 55%. As a result of holding our organizational meeting and working towards a filing for the registration statement related to this offering, we estimated an 80% probability of experiencing either a public offering or an optimistic sale in 2007 and utilized the same enterprise value for the IPO and optimistic Sale scenarios. |
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The risk adjusted discount rate was 17%, which represented our cost of capital. |
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Market conditions for public offerings improved, as did multiples for the companies we identified as comparable companies. The stock of these companies as well as the overall market were trading at higher multiples than the September 30, 2006 valuation date. As a result, we selected a higher EBITDA multiple than we selected as of September 30, 2006. |
The valuation report used to determine the fair value of our common stock as of December 31, 2006 was not completed until January 10, 2007. Accordingly, the grant date of the December 31, 2006 options for accounting purposes was January 10, 2007. We determined that the fair value of our common stock as of January 10, 2007 was $8.818 per share, which we arrived at by straight-line interpolation between the fair value as of December 31, 2006 and March 31, 2007. As a result, the fair value of these options on the grant date for accounting purposes as calculated under SFAS 123R includes intrinsic value of $0.318 per share.
The contemporaneous fair value of our common stock underlying options to purchase 15,556 shares of our common stock granted on March 31, 2007 was determined to be $11.350 per share. The fair value of our common stock on that date contemplated several factors, including the following:
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We determined the probability of an initial public offering to be 80% due to the fact we had filed our initial registration statement related to this offering. We estimated a 90% probability of experiencing either a public offering or an optimistic sale in 2007 and utilized the same enterprise value for the IPO and optimistic Sale scenarios. |
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The risk adjusted discount rate was 17%, which represented our cost of capital. |
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Market conditions continued to improve for new public issues, resulting in an increased selected EBITDA multiple. |
The valuation report used to determine the fair value of our common stock as of March 31, 2007 was not completed until May 15, 2007. Accordingly, the grant date of the March 31, 2007 options for accounting purposes was May 15, 2007. We will determine the fair value of our common stock as of May 15, 2007 by straight-line interpolation between the fair value as of March 31, 2007 and June 30, 2007. As a result, we expect that the fair value of these options on the grant date for accounting purposes as calculated under SFAS 123R will include intrinsic value.
The primary factors contributing to the difference between the fair value of our common stock as of each grant date and the assumed initial public offering price of $14.00 per share, the midpoint of the range on the cover page of this prospectus, include several of the factors discussed above, most notably:
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We completed the acquisition of China Type Design in July 2006 and the acquisition of Linotype in August 2006. |
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We engaged investment banks to assist us in the initial public offering process and began drafting a registration statement in October 2006. |
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Upon successful completion of an initial public offering, enterprises typically experience a further reduction in their cost of capital. A reduction in the cost of capital increases enterprise value. |
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The completion of an initial public offering would reduce limitations on the ability of holders to transfer the equity securities thereby reducing the liquidity discount. |
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Improvement in market conditions throughout 2006 and 2007. |
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The lack of assurance that we will complete a public offering or other liquidity event at the assumed initial public offering price or at all. |
We have incorporated the fair values calculated in the contemporaneous valuations into the Black-Scholes option pricing model when calculating the stock-based compensation expense to be recognized for the stock options granted in 2006 and 2007.
Valuation models require the input of highly subjective assumptions. Because our common stock has characteristics significantly different from that of publicly traded common stock and because changes in the subjective input assumptions can materially affect the fair value estimate, in managements opinion, the existing models do not necessarily provide a reliable, single measure of the fair value of our common stock. The foregoing valuation methodologies are not the only valuation methodologies available and will not be used to value our common stock once this offering is complete. We cannot make assurances of any particular valuation of our stock. Accordingly, investors are cautioned not to place undue reliance on the foregoing valuation methodologies as an indicator of future stock prices.
The weighted-average fair value of stock options granted during the year ended December 31, 2006 and the three months ended March 31, 2007, under the Black-Scholes option pricing model, was $4.680 and $6.345 per share, respectively. The stock-based compensation expense for the year ended December 31, 2006 was $440, and included $128 in marketing and selling, $78 in research and development and $234 in general and administrative expense. For the three months ended March 31, 2007, we recorded stock-based compensation expense of approximately $382 in connection with share-based payment awards. The stock-based compensation expense included $101 in marketing and selling, $74 in research and development, and $207 in general and administrative expense. As of December 31, 2006, there was $4.8 million of unrecognized compensation expense related to non-vested stock option awards that is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 3.7 years. As of March 31, 2007, there was $5.0 million of unrecognized compensation expense related to non-vested stock option awards that is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 3.5 years.
The following table presents the restricted shares and common stock options granted, and the price of those grants in the periods specified:
| Restricted Stock | Common Stock Options | |||||||
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Per Share Price
Range |
Shares
Granted |
Per Share Price
Range |
Shares
Underlying Options Granted |
|||||
|
2004 |
$0.00 $0.01 | 2,165,792 | $0.00 $0.01 | 484,148 | ||||
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2005 |
$1.365 $1.453 | 160,708 | $1.365 $1.670 | 804,748 | ||||
|
2006(1) |
$1.695 | 60,000 | $1.695 $6.430 | 1,146,908 | ||||
|
2007(1) |
| | $8.500 | 89,000 | ||||
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Total |
2,386,500 | 2,524,804 | ||||||
| (1) |
On December 31, 2006 and March 31, 2007, the legal grant dates, the compensation committee authorized the grant of options to purchase 89,000 and 15,556 shares of common stock, respectively, to certain of our employees with an exercise price at the then current fair market value. The legal grant date is the date on which the compensation committee of the Board of Directors authorized the option grants with exercise prices equal to the fair market value of our common stock as of that date, to be finalized upon completion of a valuation report in the future. For accounting purposes, the grant date for stock options cannot |
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precede the date on which all of the necessary approvals were obtained and the key terms of the grant were known. Accordingly, the options granted on December 31, 2006 and March 31, 2007 are not recognized for accounting purposes as being issued as of those dates. On March 28, 2006, the compensation committee authorized the issuance of restricted stock to one of our non-employee directors at a price below the then current fair market value. The difference between the then current fair market value and the price of that restricted stock will be recognized as compensation expense over the vesting period of such restricted stock. |
In connection with our acquisition of China Type Design, certain former holders of shares of China Type Design received convertible promissory notes in the aggregate principal amount of $600. One of these holders served as a consultant at the time he received one of these promissory notes, which is convertible into 196,339 shares of our restricted common stock as of June 1, 2007 at a fixed conversion price of $1.500 per share upon the closing of this offering. As a result, we will apply variable accounting to this instrument. These shares vest over a four year period with 25.0% vesting on the first anniversary of the acquisition, and the balance vesting quarterly over the following three years. However, if the employee or consultant voluntarily terminates his provision of service to us, any shares held may be repurchased by us for $1.500 per share, whether they are vested or unvested shares. This repurchase right expires upon the occurrence of a sale event, as such term is defined in the restricted stock agreement and the repurchase right with respect to vested shares will terminate on completion of this offering. In each reporting period following the termination of the repurchase right, we will estimate the value of the conversion feature based, in part, on the excess, if any, of the market price of our common stock over $1.500 per share. We will recognize an adjustment to non-cash compensation expense, as appropriate, ratably over the vesting period of these shares of stock.
Intrinsic Value of Outstanding Options . The following table shows the intrinsic value of our outstanding vested and unvested options as of March 31, 2007 based upon an assumed initial public offering price of $14.00 per share, the midpoint of the range on the cover of this prospectus:
|
Number of
shares underlying options |
Intrinsic
|
||||
| (in thousands) | |||||
|
Total vested options outstanding |
569,628 | $ | 7,355 | ||
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Total unvested options outstanding |
1,817,788 | $ | 17,486 | ||
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Total options outstanding |
2,387,416 | $ | 24,841 | ||
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Results of Operations
The following tables present our results of operations in amounts and percentages for the periods indicated. The purchase method of accounting was used to record assets acquired and liabilities assumed by us in our acquisition from Agfa on November 5, 2004. Such accounting generally results in increased amortization and depreciation reported in future periods. Accordingly, and because of other effects of purchase accounting, our results of operations for periods before and after November 5, 2004 are not comparable in all material respects since those results of operations report results of operations and cash flows for these two separate entities.
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Year Ended December 31, |
Three Months Ended
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Predecessor
January 1, 2004 to November 4, 2004 |
Successor
November 5, 2004 to December 31, 2004 |
Non-GAAP
Predecessor
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| Successor | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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2004 |
2005 | 2006 | 2006 | 2007 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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Revenue: |
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|
OEM |
$ | 41,563 | $ | 10,821 | $ | 52,384 | $ | 59,073 | $ | 64,268 | $ | 14,794 | $ | 17,263 | ||||||||||||
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Creative professional |
10,447 | 2,216 | 12,663 | 14,703 | 21,936 | 3,672 | 8,447 | |||||||||||||||||||
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Total revenue |
52,010 | 13,037 | 65,047 | 73,776 | 86,204 | 18,466 | 25,710 | |||||||||||||||||||
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Cost of revenue |
8,577 | 1,224 | 9,801 | 9,513 | 8,305 | 2,132 | 2,747 | |||||||||||||||||||
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Cost of revenueamortization of acquired technology |
728 | 401 | 1,129 | 2,408 | 3,021 | 675 | 844 | |||||||||||||||||||
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Marketing and selling |
9,299 | 1,853 | 11,152 | 11,730 | 14,931 | 3,043 | 4,531 | |||||||||||||||||||
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Research and development |
8,290 | 1,835 | 10,125 | 10,668 | 13,813 | 2,928 | 4,049 | |||||||||||||||||||
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General and administrative |
7,948 | 1,081 | 9,029 | 5,639 | 10,112 | 1,817 | 3,536 | |||||||||||||||||||
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Transaction bonus |
25,207 | | 25,207 | | | | | |||||||||||||||||||
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Amortization of other intangible assets |
607 | 1,073 | 1,680 | 6,459 | 6,687 | 1,613 | 1,779 | |||||||||||||||||||
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Total costs and expenses |
60,656 | 7,467 | 68,123 | 46,417 | 56,869 | 12,208 | 17,486 | |||||||||||||||||||
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Income (loss) from operations |
(8,646 | ) | 5,570 | (3,076 | ) | 27,359 | 29,335 | 6,258 | 8,224 | |||||||||||||||||
|
Interest (income) expense, net |
(335 | ) | 2,034 | 1,699 | 14,735 | 19,516 | 4,115 | 5,323 | ||||||||||||||||||
|
Other (income) expense, net |
109 | 284 | 393 | 819 | (3,164 | ) | (722 | ) | (127 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
|
Total other expenses |
(226 | ) | 2,318 | 2,092 | 15,554 | 16,352 | 3,393 | 5,196 | ||||||||||||||||||
|
Income (loss) before provision for income taxes |
(8,420 | ) | 3,252 | (5,168 | ) | 11,805 | 12,983 | 2,865 | 3,028 | |||||||||||||||||
|
Provision (benefit) for income taxes |
(2,817 | ) | 1,338 | (1,479 | ) | 4,684 | 5,921 | 1,151 | 1,448 | |||||||||||||||||
|
Net income (loss) |
$ | (5,603 | ) | $ | 1,914 | $ | (3,689 | ) | $ | 7,121 | $ | 7,062 | $ | 1,714 | $ | 1,580 | ||||||||||
| (1) | The non-GAAP combined twelve month period ended December 31, 2004 represents the mathematical addition of the period prior to our acquisition from Agfa, from January 1, 2004 until November 4, 2004, and the period following our acquisition from Agfa, from November 5, 2004 until December 31, 2004. It is being presented for convenience because we believe it more readily identifies key operating trends in our financial performance, such as annual revenue growth and increases in operating expenses that were not significantly impacted by purchase accounting, and that would not be apparent or that may not otherwise be correctly calculated with only separate presentation. |
This approach is not consistent with GAAP, it is not an attempt to present pro forma results, and may yield results that are not strictly comparable on a period-to-period basis primarily due to:
| (i) | the impact of required purchase accounting adjustments, primarily consisting of the write off of $4.7 million of deferred revenue from the balance sheet of the predecessor entity as of November 4, 2004, and the addition of $78.4 million of intangible assets related to the revaluation of customer relationships, technology and non-compete agreements, and |
| (ii) | the new basis of accounting established on the closing date of our acquisition from Agfa. |
The period subsequent to November 5, 2004 also includes interest expense associated with the $135.1 million in debt incurred to complete the acquisition. Prior to this acquisition, Agfa charged Agfa Monotype market rates for any services Agfa or its employees provided to Agfa Monotype. In addition, while we were a subsidiary of Agfa, we licensed our text imaging solutions to customers in Japan through a sublicensing agreement with Agfa-Gevaert Japan Limited, an affiliate of Agfa Monotype. Under the sublicensing agreement, Agfa-Gevaert Japan Limited was entitled to 10% of all license, royalty and service maintenance fees related to the sublicensing of products to our customers in Japan.
49
As a result of the foregoing, the combined results are not necessarily indicative of what the results for the respective periods would have been had our acquisition from Agfa not occurred.
| % of revenue | |||||||||||||||||||||
|
Year Ended December 31, |
Three
Months
|
||||||||||||||||||||
|
Predecessor
January 1, 2004 to November 4, 2004 |
Successor
November 5, 2004 to December 31, 2004 |
Non-GAAP
Predecessor
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Successor | |||||||||||||||||||||
|
2004 |
2005 | 2006 | 2006 | 2007 | |||||||||||||||||
|
Revenue: |
|||||||||||||||||||||
|
OEM |
79.9 | % | 83.0 | % | 80.5 | % | 80.1 | % | 74.6 | % | 80.1 | % | 67.1 | % | |||||||
|
Creative professional |
20.1 | % | 17.0 | % | 19.5 | % | 19.9 | % | 25.4 | % | 19.9 | % | 32.9 | % | |||||||
|
Total revenue |
100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | |||||||
|
Cost of revenue |
16.5 | % | 9.4 | % | 15.1 | % | 12.9 | % | 9.6 | % | 11.5 | % | 10.7 | % | |||||||
|
Cost of revenueamortization of acquired technology |
1.4 | % | 3.1 | % | 1.7 | % | 3.2 | % | 3.5 | % | 3.7 | % | 3.3 | % | |||||||
|
Marketing and selling |
17.9 | % | 14.2 | % | 17.2 | % | 15.9 | % | 17.3 | % | 16.5 | % | 17.6 | % | |||||||
|
Research and development |
15.9 | % | 14.1 | % | 15.6 | % | 14.5 | % | 16.0 | % | 15.9 | % | 15.7 | % | |||||||
|
General and administrative |
15.3 | % | 8.3 | % | 13.9 | % | 7.6 | % | 11.7 | % | 9.8 | % | 13.8 | % | |||||||
|
Transaction bonus |
48.4 | % | | 38.7 | % | | | | | ||||||||||||
|
Amortization of other intangible assets |
1.2 | % | 8.2 | % | 2.6 | % | 8.8 | % | 7.8 | % | 8.7 | % | 6.9 | % | |||||||
|
Total costs and expenses |
116.6 | % | 57.3 | % | 104.8 | % | 62.9 | % | 65.9 | % | 66.1 | % | 68.0 | % | |||||||
|
Income (loss) from operations |
(16.6 | )% | 42.7 | % | (4.8 | )% | 37.1 | % | 34.0 | % | 33.9 | % | 32.0 | % | |||||||
|
Interest (income) expense, net |
(0.6 | )% | 15.6 | % | 2.6 | % | 20.0 | % | 22.6 | % | 22.3 | % | 20.7 | % | |||||||
|
Other (income) expense, net |
0.2 | % | 2.2 | % | 0.6 | % | 1.1 | % | (3.6 | )% | (3.9 | )% | (0.5 | )% | |||||||
|
Total other expenses |
(0.4 | )% | 17.8 | % | 3.2 | % | 21.1 | % | 19.0 | % | 18.4 | % | 20.2 | % | |||||||
|
Income (loss) before provision for income taxes |
(16.2 | )% | 24.9 | % | (8.0 | )% | 16.0 | % | 15.1 | % | 15.5 | % | 11.8 | % | |||||||
|
Provision (benefit) for income taxes |
(5.4 | )% | 10.3 | % | (2.3 | )% | 6.3 | % | 6.9 | % | 6.2 | % | 5.6 | % | |||||||
|
Net income (loss) |
(10.8 | )% | 14.6 | % | (5.7 | )% | 9.7 | % | 8.2 | % | 9.3 | % | 6.2 | % | |||||||
| (1) | The non-GAAP combined twelve month period ended December 31, 2004 represents the mathematical addition of the period prior to our acquisition from Agfa, from January 1, 2004 until November 4, 2004, and the period following our acquisition from Agfa, from November 5, 2004 until December 31, 2004. It is being presented for convenience because we believe it more readily identifies key operating trends in our financial performance, such as annual revenue growth and increases in operating expenses that were not significantly impacted by purchase accounting, and that would not be apparent or that may not otherwise be correctly calculated with only separate presentation. |
This approach is not consistent with GAAP, it is not an attempt to present pro forma results, and may yield results that are not strictly comparable on a period-to-period basis primarily due to:
| (i) | the impact of required purchase accounting adjustments, primarily consisting of the write off of $4.7 million of deferred revenue from the balance sheet of the predecessor entity as of November 4, 2004, and the addition of $78.4 million of intangible assets related to the revaluation of customer relationships, technology and non-compete agreements; and |
| (ii) | the new basis of accounting established on the closing date of our acquisition from Agfa. |
The period subsequent to November 5, 2004 also includes interest expense associated with the $135.1 million in debt incurred to complete the acquisition from Agfa. Prior to this acquisition, Agfa charged Agfa Monotype market rates for any services Agfa or its employees provided to Agfa Monotype. In addition, while we were a subsidiary of Agfa, we licensed our text imaging solutions to customers in Japan through a sublicensing agreement with Agfa-Gevaert Japan Limited, an affiliate of Agfa Monotype. Under the sublicensing agreement, Agfa-Gevaert Japan Limited was entitled to 10% of all license, royalty and service maintenance fees related to the sublicensing of products to our customers in Japan.
As a result of the foregoing, the combined results are not necessarily indicative of what the results for the respective periods would have been had our acquisition from Agfa not occurred.
Three Months Ended March 31, 2006 and 2007
The following discussion compares the three months ended March 31, 2006 with the three months ended March 31, 2007. Revenue and operating expenses from March 31, 2006 to March 31, 2007
50
increased substantially as a result of the acquisition of Linotype. Revenue and operating expenses from China Type Design have been included for the three months ended March 31, 2007 but have not had a material effect on our financial statements.
Revenue
Revenue was $18.5 million and $25.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2006 and 2007, respectively, an increase of $7.2 million, or 39.2%. OEM revenue was $14.8 million and $17.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2006 and 2007, respectively, an increase of $2.5 million, or 16.7%. This increase was primarily related to an increase of $1.1 million in royalties for units shipped and $1.3 million of Linotype revenue. These increases were partially offset by a decrease of $277 in custom contracts. Creative professional revenue was $3.7 million and $8.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2006 and 2007, respectively, an increase of $4.7 million, or 130.0%. This increase was primarily related to $3.3 million of Linotype revenue and a $487 increase in web sales.
Cost of Revenue
Cost of revenue, excluding amortization of acquired technology, was $2.1 million and $2.7 million
for the three months ended March 31, 2006 and 2007, respectively, an increase of $615, or 28.8%. As a percentage of revenue the cost of revenue decreased from 11.5% for the three months ended March 31, 2006 to 10.7% for the three months
ended March 31, 2007. This decrease was primarily the result of the elimination of royalties paid to Linotype and China Type Design for the three months ended March 31, 2007. This was partially offset by a shift in our revenue mix towards lower
margin products. Cost of revenue amortization of acquired technology was $675 and $844 for the three months ended March 31, 2006 and 2007, respectively. This increase in amortization expense was due to the increase in intangible assets
Operating Expenses
Marketing and Selling. Marketing and selling expense was $3.0 million and $4.5 million in the three months ended March 31, 2006 and 2007, respectively, an increase of $1.5 million, or 48.9%. This increase was primarily related to the additional expense of $884 due to the acquisition of Linotype and an increase of $218 in employee related expenses for bonuses, commissions and annual compensation related to increases in headcount.
Research and Development. Research and development expenses was $2.9 million and $4.0 million in the three months ended March 31, 2006 and 2007, respectively, an increase of $1.1 million, or 38.3%. This increase was primarily related to the additional expense of $493 due to the acquisition of Linotype and a $445 increase in employee related expenses for bonuses and annual compensation related to increases in headcount.
General and Administrative. General and administrative expense was $1.8 million and $3.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2006 and 2007, respectively, an increase of $1.7 million, or 94.6%. This increase was primarily related to the additional expense of $1.2 million due to the acquisition of Linotype, a $219 increase in employee related expenses for bonuses and annual compensation related to increases in headcount and a $146 increase in consulting related services related to Sarbanes-Oxley compliance.
Amortization of Other Intangible Assets. Amortization of other intangible assets was $1.6 million and $1.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2006 and 2007, respectively, an increase of $166, or 10.3%. This increase was primarily related to the amortization of the intangible assets recorded in the acquisition of Linotype and China Type Design.
Interest Expense, Net
Interest expense, net was $4.1 million and $5.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2006 and 2007, respectively, an increase of $1.2 million, or 29.4%. This increase was related to the additional
51
borrowings under our First and Second Lien Credit Facilities that were amended in July 2006 in connection with our acquisitions of Linotype and China Type Design.
Other (Income) Expense, Net
Other income was $722 and $127 for the three months ended March 31, 2006 and 2007, respectively, a decrease of $595, or 82.4%. This decrease was primarily due to gains and losses on our interest rate caps, which were a gain of $389 and a loss of $259 for the three months ended March 31, 2006 and 2007, respectively.
Years Ended December 31, 2005 and 2006
The following discussion compares the year ended December 31, 2005 with the year ended December 31, 2006. Revenue and operating expenses from 2005 to 2006 increased substantially as a result of the acquisition of Linotype. Revenue and operating expenses from China Type Design have been included in the period since its acquisition but have not had a material effect on our financial statements.
Revenue
Revenue was $73.8 million and $86.2 million for 2005 and 2006, respectively, an increase of $12.4 million, or 16.8%. OEM revenue was $59.1 million and $64.3 million for 2005 and 2006, respectively, an increase of $5.2 million, or 8.8%. This increase was primarily related to an increase of $3.0 million in royalties for units shipped, $2.7 million increase in license fees, and $1.3 million of Linotype revenue. These increases were partially offset by a decrease of $1.5 million in revenue from custom contracts. Creative professional revenue was $14.7 million and $21.9 million in 2005 and 2006, respectively, an increase of $7.2 million or 49.2%. This increase was primarily related to $6.1 million of Linotype revenue and a $1.3 million increase in web sales.
Cost of Revenue
Cost of revenue, excluding amortization of acquired technology, was $9.5 million and $8.3 million for 2005 and 2006, respectively, a decrease of $1.2 million, or 12.7%. As a percentage of revenue the cost of revenue decreased from 12.9% in 2005 to 9.6% in 2006. This decrease was primarily a result of lower custom design revenue in 2006. Cost of revenue amortization of acquired technology was $2.4 million and $3.0 million for 2005 and 2006, respectively, an increase of 25.4%. This increase was due to the increase in intangible assets resulting from our acquisitions of Linotype and China Type Design.
Operating Expenses
Marketing and Selling . Marketing and selling expense was $11.7 million and $14.9 million in 2005 and 2006, respectively, an increase of $3.2 million, or 27.3%. This increase was primarily a result of an additional expense of $1.8 million due to the acquisitions of Linotype and China Type Design. Additionally, there was a $925 increase in employee-related expenses due to increases in headcount, bonuses, commissions and annual compensation, a $191 increase in travel-related expenses and a $166 increase in expenses for outside consultants.
Research and Development. Research and development expense was $10.7 million and $13.8 million in 2005 and 2006, respectively, an increase of $3.1 million, or 29.5%. This increase was primarily the result of a decrease in custom design revenue which resulted in a $1.1 million reduction in the allocation of research and development expense to cost of revenue for custom design services as compared to the prior year, an additional expense of $969 due to the acquisitions of Linotype and China Type Design and
52
an increase of $919 in employee-related expenses due to increases in headcount, payroll and bonuses. We also added a new quality assurance group and increased the number of our support and engineering employees. We added Indic scripts to our WorldType Layout Engine and continue to develop our products for the Asian market, including Chinese, Korean and Japanese fonts.
General and Administrative. General and administrative expense was $5.6 million and $10.1 million in 2005 and 2006, respectively, an increase of $4.5 million or 79.3%. Approximately $2.2 million of this increase was attributable to the addition of general and administrative expenses from Linotype, including $755 of one-time expenses related to audits and the preparation of prior financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP for Linotype. The increase was also attributable to an increase in employee-related expenses of $829 due to salary increases, headcount increases and training costs, an increase of $375 of consulting costs, an increase of $335 in legal expenses, an increase of $257 in software license fees and an increase of $190 in other taxes. We incurred significantly higher expenses in 2006 as we began preparing to be a publicly traded company, including additional employees for the analysis of our financial statements and other required disclosures and consulting services related to Sarbanes-Oxley compliance and financial statement preparation.
Amortization of Other Intangible Assets. Amortization of other intangible assets was $6.5 million and $6.7 million in 2005 and 2006, respectively, an increase of $228, or 3.5%. This increase was primarily related to amortization of the intangible assets acquired in the acquisitions of Linotype and China Type Design.
Interest Expense, Net
Interest expense, net was $14.7 million and $19.5 million in 2005 and 2006, respectively, an increase of $4.8 million, or 32.5%. This increase was related to the additional borrowings under our First and Second Lien Credit Facilities that were amended in both August 2005 and July 2006 in connection with our recapitalization in 2005 and our acquisition of Linotype and China Type Design in 2006. This increase was partially offset by interest income of $158 and $171 in 2005 and 2006, respectively.
Other (Income) Expense, Net
Other income and expense was an expense of $819 in 2005 and income of $3.2 million in 2006, a change of $4.0 million. The expense in 2005 was a result of $1.4 million in foreign exchange losses partially offset by $503 in interest rate cap gains and $105 in dividend income. The income in 2006 was a result of a $1.7 million gain from a one time tax exemption from foreign sales taxes, $592 in foreign exchange gains, $490 in gains on interest rate caps and $461 in dividend income. We invested in interest rate caps to limit our exposure to increases in interest rates on our First and Second Lien Credit Facilities.
Years Ended December 31, 2004 (on a non-GAAP combined basis) and 2005
The following discussion compares the year ended December 31, 2005 to the combined year ended December 31, 2004, which is a summation of the pre-acquisition and post-acquisition periods, to present results of operations for the twelve month period ended December 31, 2004.
Revenue
Revenue was $65.0 million and $73.8 million for 2004 and 2005, respectively, an increase of $8.7 million, or 13.4%. The increase was attributable to growth in both OEM and creative professional revenue. OEM revenue was $52.4 million and $59.1 million for 2004 and 2005, respectively, an increase of $6.7 million, or 12.8%. This increase was primarily related to a $9.0 million increase in OEM revenue from an increase in units shipped by our CE device manufacturer customers. This increase includes
53
$2.0 million in back royalty payments from one of our CE device manufacturer customers. This was partially offset by a $2.8 million decrease in fixed fee payments. Creative professional revenue was $12.7 million and $14.7 million for 2004 and 2005, respectively, an increase of $2.0 million, or 16.1%. This increase was primarily related to the higher web-based licensing and increased font licenses to end-users.
Cost of Revenue
Cost of revenue, excluding amortization of intangible assets, was $9.8 million and $9.5 million for 2004 and 2005, respectively, a decrease of $288, or 2.9%. The decrease was primarily attributable to the elimination of fees paid with respect to license, royalty and service maintenance fees related to the sublicensing of products to our customers in Japan. Following our acquisition from Agfa and through the first part of 2005, we continued to license our text imaging solutions to customers in Japan through Agfa-Gavaert Japan as a third party. In December 2004, we formed our wholly-owned Japanese subsidiary, Monotype Japan, to conduct business in Japan and benefited beginning in the first part of 2005 from a reduction in our cost of revenue as we started to transfer business away from Agfa-Gevaert Japan. Cost of revenue as a percentage of total revenue was 15.1% and 12.9% in 2004 and 2005, respectively. Cost of revenue amortization of acquired technology was $1.1 million and $2.4 million in 2004 and 2005, respectively. The increase was due to a full year of amortization of the intangible assets recorded in connection with our acquisition from Agfa.
Operating Expenses
Operating expenses from 2004 and 2005 decreased substantially primarily as a result of the $25.2 million Transaction Bonus accrued in 2004. In addition:
Marketing and Selling. Marketing and selling expense was $11.2 million and $11.7 million for 2004 and 2005, respectively, an increase of $578, or 5.2%. This increase was primarily the result of an increase of $747 in employee-related expense attributable to annual salary increases and increases in headcount, an increase of $337 in overhead expense, an increase of $166 in advertising expense, an increase of $152 in travel-related expense and an increase of $92 in professional service fees. These increases were partially offset by a $1.1 million decrease in employee bonuses and commissions paid to our marketing and sales personnel resulting from the termination of the Agfa Monotype Deferred Compensation Plan, or LIC, in January 2005 in connection with our acquisition from Agfa. In 2004, we hired a senior vice president to enhance our sales efforts.
Research and Development . Research and development expense was $10.1 million and $10.7 million for 2004 and 2005, respectively, an increase of $543, or 5.4%. This increase was primarily the result of an additional $1.2 million in employee-related expense attributable to annual salary increases, increases in headcount and a $157 increase in overhead expenses. This increase was partially offset by an $872 decrease in bonuses paid to our research and development personnel resulting from the termination of the LIC. In 2005, we hired our vice president of engineering and increased our focus on product development.
General and Administrative. General and administrative expense was $9.0 million and $5.6 million for 2004 and 2005, respectively, a decrease of $3.4 million, or 37.5%. This decrease was the result of the legal expenses in 2004 of $2.5 million and $464 for the Adobe and Bitstream litigation, respectively, and a $285 decrease in bonuses paid to our general and administrative personnel in 2005 resulting from the termination of the LIC. In 2005, we hired our senior vice president and chief financial officer and began to enhance our infrastructure in anticipation of becoming a publicly traded company.
Amortization of Other Intangible Assets. Amortization of other intangible assets was $1.7 million and $6.5 million for 2004 and 2005, respectively, an increase of $4.8 million. The increase in amortization expense relates to our acquisition from Agfa.
54
Interest (Income) Expense, Net
Interest expense, net was $1.7 million and $14.7 million for the years 2004 and 2005, respectively, an increase of $13.0 million, or 767.3%. This increase was the result of our entering into our First and Second Lien Credit Facilities with certain financial institutions in the amount of $75.0 million and $40.0 million, respectively, and our subordinated debt agreements with other lenders who are also our stockholders, officers and employees in the aggregate amount of approximately $20.1 million in connection with our acquisition from Agfa in November 2004. In August 2005, both agreements with the financial institutions were amended to increase borrowings from $75.0 million to $100.0 million and from $40.0 million to $65.0 million and the facilities with other lenders were repaid. This increase was partially offset by interest income of $356 and $158 for the years 2004 and 2005, respectively.
Other Expense, Net
Other expense, net was $393 and $819 for 2004 and 2005, respectively, an increase of $426 or 108.4%. This increase was primarily due to a $1.4 million loss on foreign currency exchange in 2005. This was partially offset by a gain of $503 on interest rate caps in 2005 as compared to a loss on interest rate caps in 2004 of $238, and $105 in dividend income associated with China Type Design in 2005.
Provision (Benefit) for Income Taxes
Our effective tax rate was 28.6% and 39.7% for the years 2004 and 2005, respectively. The benefit for income taxes was $1.5 million in 2004, of which our predecessor received a benefit of $2.8 million and following our acquisition from Agfa we had a provision of $1.3 million. In 2005, we had a provision of $4.7 million. The tax benefit to the predecessor company in 2004 was primarily a result of the Transaction Bonus expenses related to our acquisition from Agfa.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
In November 2004, Agfa Monotype was acquired by a new entity, Monotype Imaging, which was owned by TA Associates, D.B. Zwirn and certain of the former officers and employees of Agfa Monotype, for a total purchase price of $194.0 million, consisting of cash plus assumption of certain obligations. This acquisition was financed by the issuance of convertible preferred stock in the amount of $54.6 million, subordinated notes in the aggregate principal amount of approximately $20.1 million issued to TA Associates, D.B. Zwirn and certain of the former officers and employees of Agfa Monotype, and the net proceeds from the First and Second Lien Credit Facilities of $112.2 million.
In August 2005, IHC entered into a tax-free recapitalization transaction and debt refinancing. In connection with this recapitalization, holders of convertible preferred stock received cash payments in the aggregate amount of approximately $48.3 million, which reduced the aggregate liquidation preference of the shares of preferred stock to approximately $10.2 million. In addition, the subordinated notes issued to TA Associates, D.B. Zwirn and certain former officers and employees of Agfa Monotype in November 2004, were retired at their face amount plus accrued and unpaid interest, plus a pre-payment premium equal to 6.0% of the face amount. These transactions were financed by amending our First and Second Lien Credit Facilities to increase the borrowings permitted under these credit facilities from $75.0 million to $100.0 million and from $40.0 million to $65.0 million, respectively.
In July 2006, we amended our permitted borrowings under our First and Second Lien Credit Facilities to increase the borrowings permitted under these credit facilities from $100.0 million to $140.0 million and from $65.0 million to $70.0 million, respectively. We also increased the $5.0 million revolving line-of-credit under the First Lien Credit Facility to $10.0 million, which expires on July 28, 2011. These amendments were made primarily to fund the acquisition of Linotype. In May 2007, we amended the terms of our First and Second Lien Credit Facilities to revise several of the covenant requirements.
55
At March 31, 2007, our principal sources of liquidity were cash and cash equivalents totaling $6.8 million and a $10.0 million revolving line-of-credit. Given our current cash position, our cash flows from operations and our current line-of-credit, we believe that we will be able to fund our business and meet our contractual obligations over the next twelve months.
At March 31, 2007, the outstanding balance on our First Lien Credit Facility was $134.5 million. Concurrently with this offering, we will amend and restate our First Lien Credit Facility to provide for borrowings of a maximum aggregate amount of $160.0 million. This will consist of a term loan of $140.0 million and a revolving credit facility of up to $20.0 million.
Based on our annual audited financial statements, if the leverage ratio, as defined in the First Lien Credit Facility agreement, as of the end of the year, exceeds a specified maximum, we must repay 50.0% of the amount equal to Adjusted EBITDA , as defined below, less payments for principal, interest, capital expenditures, net investments in acquisitions and taxes for the period. The principal amount of the First Lien Credit Facility term loan is currently payable in monthly installments of approximately $792 in year one, $1.0 million in year two, $1.1 million in year three and thereafter through maturity at which time the $77.0 million balance is due. The First Lien Credit Facility requires an additional annual mandatory principal payment based on excess cash flow, as defined by the agreement, which must be paid within five days of the delivery of our audited financial statements. In 2005, 2006 and 2007, we received a waiver with respect to the deadline for the completion of our audited financial statements for the prior year and the timing of the annual principal prepayment. The First Lien Credit Facility also allows for one half of the additional payment amount to be applied as a reduction to the scheduled principal payments over the following twelve months. The amount of the additional payment made in April 2007 was $3.3 million. As a result, the scheduled monthly principal payments through April 2008 will be reduced by $136 per month until the facility is amended effective upon consummation of this offering. Our Second Lien Credit Facility provides for a $70.0 million term loan which is due and payable in full on July 28, 2011. At our option, borrowings under these facilities bear interest at either (i) the prime rate plus a margin, as defined by the respective credit agreement, or (ii) LIBOR plus a margin as defined by the respective credit agreement, payable monthly. As of March 31, 2007, the blended interest rate on the First Lien Credit Facility was 8.62% and the interest rate on the Second Lien Credit Facility was 12.10%. The credit agreements are secured by substantially all of our assets and require us to maintain certain identical financial covenants and place limitations on total annual capital expenditures, indebtedness, liens, dividends and distributions, asset sales, transactions with affiliates and acquisitions and conduct of business, all as defined in the agreements. The financial covenants of both our First and Second Lien Credit Facilities provide that we:
| |
Maintain a minimum level of trailing twelve months Adjusted EBITDA as of each quarter end. At March 31, 2007 the minimum level of Adjusted EBITDA was $40.0 million. |
| |
Maintain a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio of not less than 1.00:1.00 as of each quarter end for the preceding twelve month period. Fixed charge coverage is defined as the ratio of Adjusted EBITDA for such period less capital expenditures to fixed charges, which include interest expense, scheduled principal debt payments and income tax payments, for such period. |
| |
Maintain a maximum leverage ratio as of each quarter end for the preceding twelve month period. The leverage ratio is defined as the ratio of aggregate outstanding indebtedness to trailing twelve months Adjusted EBITDA. The maximum allowed leverage ratio at March 31, 2007 was 5.10 times. |
| |
Maintain capital expenditures below $2.0 million a year. |
The credit agreements also contain provisions for an increased interest rate during periods of default. We were in compliance with the covenants under all of our debt agreements as of March 31, 2007, and we do not believe that these covenants will affect our ability to operate our business.
In May 2007, we amended our credit facilities to define Adjusted EBITDA as consolidated net earnings (or loss), plus net interest expense, income taxes, depreciation, amortization and stock-based compensation.
56
The following table presents a reconciliation from net income (loss), which is the most directly comparable GAAP operating performance measure, to EBITDA and from EBITDA to Adjusted EBITDA as defined in our credit facilities.
| Year Ended December 31, |
Three Months Ended
March 31, |
|||||||||||||||
|
Non-GAAP
2004(1) |
Successor |
|||||||||||||||
| 2005 | 2006 | 2006 | 2007 | |||||||||||||
|
Net income (loss) |
$ | (3,689 | ) | $ | 7,121 | $ | 7,062 | $ | 1,714 | $ | 1,580 | |||||
|
Provision (benefit) for income taxes |
(1,479 | ) | 4,684 | 5,921 | 1,151 | 1,448 | ||||||||||
|
Interest expense, net |
1,699 | 14,735 | 19,516 | 4,115 | 5,323 | |||||||||||
|
Amortization of intangible assets |
2,809 | 8,867 | 9,708 | 2,288 | 2,623 | |||||||||||
|
Depreciation |
161 | 493 | 637 | 122 | 234 | |||||||||||
|
EBITDA |
$ | (499 | ) | $ | 35,900 | $ | 42,844 | $ | 9,390 | $ | 11,208 | |||||
|
Transaction bonus |
25,207 | | | | | |||||||||||
|
Stock-based compensation |
| | 440 | | 382 | |||||||||||
|
Adjusted EBITDA (2) |
$ | 24,708 | $ | 35,900 | $ | 43,284 | $ | 9,390 | $ | 11,590 | ||||||
| (1) | The non-GAAP combined twelve month period ended December 31, 2004 represents the mathematical addition of the period prior to our acquisition from Agfa, from January 1, 2004 until November 4, 2004, and the period following our acquisition from Agfa, from November 5, 2004 until December 31, 2004. It is being presented for convenience because we believe it more readily identifies key operating trends in our financial performance, such as annual revenue growth and increases in operating expenses that were not significantly impacted by purchase accounting, and that would not be apparent or that may not otherwise be correctly calculated with only separate presentation. |
This approach is not consistent with GAAP, it is not an attempt to present pro forma results, and may yield results that are not strictly comparable on a period-to-period basis primarily due to:
| (i) | the impact of required purchase accounting adjustments, primarily consisting of the write off of $4.7 million of deferred revenue from the balance sheet of the predecessor entity as of November 4, 2004, and the addition of $78.4 million of intangible assets related to the revaluation of customer relationships, technology and non-compete agreements, and |
| (ii) | the new basis of accounting established on the closing date of our acquisition from Agfa. |
The period subsequent to November 5, 2004 also includes interest expense associated with the $135.1 million in debt incurred to complete the acquisition from Agfa. Prior to this acquisition, Agfa charged Agfa Monotype market rates for any services Agfa or its employees provided to Agfa Monotype. In addition, while we were a subsidiary of Agfa, we licensed our text imaging solutions to customers in Japan through a sublicensing agreement with Agfa-Gevaert Japan Limited, an affiliate of Agfa Monotype. Under the sublicensing agreement, Agfa-Gevaert Japan Limited was entitled to 10% of all license, royalty and service maintenance fees related to the sublicensing of products to our customers in Japan.
As a result of the foregoing, the combined results are not necessarily indicative of what the results for the respective periods would have been had our acquisition from Agfa not occurred.
| (2) | Adjusted EBITDA is not a measure of operating performance under GAAP and should not be considered as an alternative or substitute for GAAP profitability measures such as income (loss) from operations and net income (loss). Adjusted EBITDA as an operating performance measure has material limitations since it excludes the statement of operations impact of depreciation and amortization expense, interest expense, net, the provision (benefit) for income taxes, stock-based compensation and the Transaction Bonus paid in 2004 and therefore does not represent an accurate measure of profitability, particularly in situations where a company is highly leveraged or has a disadvantageous tax structure. We have significant intangible assets and amortization expense is a meaningful element in our financial statements and therefore its exclusion from Adjusted EBITDA is a material limitation. We have a significant amount of debt, and interest expense is a necessary element of our costs and therefore its exclusion from Adjusted EBITDA is a material limitation. We generally incur significant U.S. federal, state and foreign income taxes each year and the provision (benefit) for income taxes is a necessary element of our costs and therefore its exclusion from Adjusted EBITDA is a material limitation. In addition, we expect that stock-based compensation will be increasing in future periods. As a result, Adjusted EBITDA should be evaluated in conjunction with net income (loss) for complete analysis of our profitability, as net income (loss) includes the financial statement impact of these items and is the most directly comparable GAAP operating performance measure to Adjusted EBITDA. As Adjusted EBITDA is not defined by GAAP, our definition of Adjusted EBITDA may differ from and therefore may not be comparable to similarly titled measures used by other companies, thereby limiting its usefulness as a comparative measure. Because of the limitations that Adjusted EBITDA has as an analytical tool, investors should not consider it in isolation, or as a substitute for analysis of our operating results as reported under GAAP. |
From November 2004 through December 31, 2006, we financed our operations primarily through cash from operations and long-term debt from our First and Second Lien Credit Facilities as described above. Prior to November 2004, we financed our operations primarily through cash from operations.
57
In November 2004, we paid loan origination fees for the term loans totaling $2.8 million that were recorded as a reduction in the proceeds received by us, and accounted for as debt discounts, which, accordingly, were amortized into interest expense over the life of the related loans using the effective interest method, until the recapitalization in August 2005. Upon the August 2005 and July 2006 amendments of the First and Second Lien Credit Facilities, we incurred additional fees to the lenders totaling approximately $1.4 million and $1.9 million, respectively. These fees were also recorded as reductions in the proceeds received by us, and accounted for as debt discounts. Accordingly, they are being amortized into interest expense over the life of the related loans using the effective interest method.
The following table presents our cash flows from operating activities, investing activities and financing activities for the periods presented:
|
January 1,
November 4,
|
November 5,
December 31,
|
Year Ended
December 31, |
Three Months
2007 |
|||||||||||||||||
| 2005 | 2006 | |||||||||||||||||||
| (Predecessor) | (Successor) | |||||||||||||||||||
|
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities |
$ | (1,122 | ) | $ | (10,992 | ) | $ | 23,436 | $ | 19,444 | $ | 577 | ||||||||
|
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities |
(482 | ) | (163,740 | ) | 885 | (65,560 | ) | (203 | ) | |||||||||||
|
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities |
500 | 183,987 | (22,667 | ) | 43,256 | (2,431 | ) | |||||||||||||
|
Effect of exchange rates on cash |
306 | (18 | ) | (107 | ) | 616 | 355 | |||||||||||||
|
Total increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents |
$ | (798 | ) | $ | 9,237 | $ | 1,547 | $ | (2,244 | ) | $ | (1,702 | ) | |||||||
Operating Activities
Since 2005, our operating activities have generated positive cash flows. Significant variations in operating cash flows frequently occur because, from time to time, our customers make prepayments against future royalties. Prepayments may be required under the terms of our license agreements and are occasionally made on an elective basis. The timing and extent of such prepayments significantly impacts our working capital.
Net cash provided from operations for the three months ended March 31, 2007 was $577, consisting primarily of $1.6 million in net income, plus non-cash adjustments for depreciation and amortization of $2.9 million and the provision for deferred income taxes of $1.4 million. Net cash used for working capital purposes was $5.6 million, consisting principally of a decrease in accrued expenses of $4.4 million and an increase in prepaid expenses and other assets of $1.7 million. The decrease in accrued expenses was driven primarily by the payment of annual bonuses to employees during the quarter, and the increase in prepaid expenses and other assets was driven primarily by payments of direct costs of our initial public offering. In addition, our accounts receivable increased by $6.0 million and our deferred revenue increased by $7.2 million, both changes primarily due to the billing of prepaid royalties that were contractually due from one customer in the amount of $5.0 million.
Net cash provided by operating activities was $19.4 million in 2006, compared to $23.4 million in 2005. The decrease relates primarily to a reduction in cash received from customers as prepayments against future royalties, partially offset by a reduced use of cash for working capital purposes during 2006, particularly less cash used to pay liabilities related to a deferred compensation plan that was discontinued in 2004, and a decrease in the use of cash for the payment of income taxes. The details of these changes are described below.
In 2006, net cash provided by operating activities consisted of our net income of $7.1 million, plus non-cash adjustments for depreciation and amortization of $10.3 million and other non-cash adjustments totaling $3.3 million, offset in part by net cash used for working capital purposes of $1.2 million. Net cash
58
used for working capital was primarily the result of a decrease in deferred revenue from December 31, 2005 to December 31, 2006. The net decrease in deferred revenue of $4.0 million was primarily due to a single customer with a prepaid balance of $4.5 million at December 31, 2005, that did not make any corresponding prepayments in 2006 and therefore our deferred revenue at December 31, 2006 from this particular customer was zero.
Net cash provided by operating activities in 2005 consisted of our net income of $7.1 million, plus non-cash adjustments for depreciation and amortization of $9.4 million, other non-cash adjustments totaling $3.4 million and net cash provided from working capital of $3.5 million. Net cash from working capital resulted principally from the increase in deferred revenue of $7.6 million due primarily to the significant prepayment of royalties by a customer described above, partially offset by $3.5 million of cash used to pay deferred compensation liabilities due under the companys long-term incentive compensation program, which was discontinued during 2004.
For the period November 5, 2004 through December 31, 2004, net cash used in operating activities was $11.0 million, consisting primarily of payment of $19.1 million of transaction bonuses to certain employees and officers of Agfa Monotype in connection with our acquisition from Agfa. These payments were partially offset by our net income of $1.9 million, plus non-cash adjustments totaling $3.2 million and other net cash from working capital of $3.0 million.
Net cash used in operating activities for the period from January 1, 2004 through November 4, 2004 was $1.1 million, primarily due to a net loss for the period of $5.6 million, settling accounts payable to the parent of Agfa Monotype prior to our acquisition of the Company in the amount of $17.0 million, and $7.7 million of cash used for other general working capital purposes. These outflows were partially offset by an increase of $25.2 million in the accrued transaction bonus described above and non-cash adjustments totaling $4.0 million.
Investing Activities
During the three months ended March 31, 2007, cash used in investing activities was $203, consisting primarily of purchases of property and equipment totaling $194.
During 2006, we used $65.6 million in cash for investing activities, which included $53.0 million for the acquisitions of Linotype and China Type Design, $12.0 million for the purchase of exclusive licenses including the intellectual property license associated with the Linotype acquisition and $539 in capital expenditures. We amended our First and Second Credit Lien Facilities in July 2006 to complete the purchase of Linotype and the intellectual property license that was included in the purchase agreement and the acquisition of China Type Design.
Cash provided from investing activities for 2005 was $885 and consisted of a payment on the cash surrender value of life insurance contracts in the amount of $1.8 million. This was partially offset by the purchase of property and equipment of $903.
Cash used in investing activities for the period from November 5, 2004 to December 31, 2004 was $163.7 million and consisted of $163.6 million for the acquisition of Agfa Monotype and $115 in payments for the life insurance contracts related to the deferred compensation plan.
Cash used in investing activities for the period from January 1, 2004 to November 4, 2004 was $482 and was related to $441 in purchases of property and equipment and $41 in payments for the life insurance contracts related to the deferred compensation plan.
Financing Activities
During the three months ended March 31, 2007, cash used in financing activities consisted primarily of payments on our long term debt totaling $2.4 million.
59
During 2006, we generated $43.3 million in financing activities primarily as a result of $53.9 million of proceeds related to the amendment of our First and Second Credit Lien Facilities in July 2006. This refinancing was to complete the purchases of Linotype and China Type Design. Additionally, we had cash inflows of $111 for the issuance of common stock. These were partially offset from cash used for the principal payments on long-term debt on the First Lien Credit Facility, deferred costs related to our initial public offering, the repurchase of preferred and common stock and the purchase of interest rate cap to hedge the increase in the debt balances from interest rate increases.
Cash used in financing activities for 2005 was $22.7 million. This cash outflow was the result of a $33.6 million payment on long-term debt and the $48.3 million payment on the exchange of preferred stock. This was partially offset by the proceeds of $58.9 million due to the issuance of debt, $300 for the issuance of convertible preferred stock and $227 due to the issuance of common stock.
Cash provided by financing activities for the period from November 5, 2004 to December 31, 2004 was $184.0 million and consisted of $131.1 million in net proceeds from the First and Second Lien Credit Facilities and subordinated debt and $54.6 million from the issuance of convertible preferred stock which were used to fund the acquisition of Agfa Monotype. These cash inflows were partially offset by $959 of cash used to purchase interest rate caps to hedge our exposure of interest rate volatility resulting from the variable interest rates on our credit facilities and $750 in payment on our long-term debt.
Cash provided by financing activities for the
period from January 1, 2004 to November 4, 2004 was $500 and consisted of $53.3 million in cash dividends paid to Agfa, which was offset by the return of the investment in the cash management arrangement made in 2003 of $43.7 million and
Contractual Obligations
The following table discloses aggregate information about our contractual obligations and periods in which payments are due as of December 31, 2006:
| Total |
Less than
1 year |
1 3
years |
3 5
years |
More than
5 years |
|||||||||||
|
Long-term debt |
$ | 207,491 | $ | 13,105 | $ | 25,480 | $ | 168,906 | $ | | |||||
|
Lease obligations |
5,172 | 2,285 | 1,968 | 919 | | ||||||||||
|
License fees |
2,800 | 900 | 1,800 | 100 | | ||||||||||
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
As of December 31, 2005 and 2006 and March 31, 2007, we did not have any relationships with unconsolidated entities, often referred to as special purpose entities, which would have been established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements or other contractually narrow or limited purposes. Other than our operating leases for office space and computer equipment, and derivative financial instruments discussed in Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk, we do not engage in off-balance sheet financing arrangements.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157, Fair Value Measurements , or SFAS No. 157. This statement defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in GAAP, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. The statement is effective for the fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007. We have not completed our assessment of the impact of the new statement on the financial statements, but the adoption of the statement is not expected to have a material impact on our financial position or results of operations.
60
In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 158, Employers Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans , an amendment of FASB Statements No. 87, 88, 106, and 132(R). This statement requires an employer to recognize the over funded or under funded status of a defined benefit postretirement plan as an asset or liability in its statement of financial position and to recognize changes in that funded status in the year in which the changes occur through comprehensive income. The funded status of the plan is measured as the difference between plan assets at fair value and the benefit obligation. On December 31, 2006, we adopted the recognition and disclosure provisions of SFAS No. 158. The effect of adopting SFAS No. 158 on our financial condition at December 31, 2006 has been included in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. SFAS No. 158 did not have an effect on our consolidated financial condition at December 31, 2005 or 2004. SFAS No. 158s provisions regarding the change in the measurement date of post-retirement benefit plans did not have any effect on our consolidated financial statements, since the liability for the Plan was measured upon our acquisition of Linotype. See Note 7 to our audited financial statements for further discussion of the effect of adopting SFAS No. 158 on our consolidated financial statements.
In September 2006, the SEC staff issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 108, Considering the Effects of Prior Year Misstatements when Quantifying Misstatements in Current Year Financial Statements , or SAB 108, which was issued in order to eliminate the diversity of practice surrounding how public companies quantify financial statement misstatements. SAB 108 provides interpretive guidance on the consideration of the effects of prior year misstatements for the purpose of materiality assessment and allows application of its provisions either by (1) restating prior financial statements or (2) recording the cumulative effect of applying the guidance as adjustments to the carrying values of assets and liabilities with an offsetting adjustment recorded to the opening balance of retained earnings. SAB 108 was effective for the year ended December 31, 2006. Adoption did not result in either a restatement of our prior year financial statements or a cumulative adjustment.
In February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159, The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial LiabilitiesIncluding an Amendment of FASB Statement No. 115 . SFAS No. 159 permits entities to choose to measure many financial instruments and certain other items at fair value and is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007. We are in the process of evaluating the impact this pronouncement may have on our results of operations and financial condition.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
Concentration of Revenue and Credit Risk
Financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash and cash equivalents and trade receivables. Cash equivalents consist primarily of bank deposits and overnight repurchase agreements. Our cash and cash equivalents within the United States are placed primarily with high credit-quality financial institutions, which are members of the FDIC. Deposits of cash held outside the United States totaled approximately $3.9 million, $5.2 million and $3.2 million at December 31, 2005 and 2006, and March 31, 2007, respectively.
We grant credit to customers in the ordinary course of business. Credit evaluations are performed on an ongoing basis to reduce credit risk, and no collateral is required from our customers. An allowance for uncollectible accounts is provided for those accounts receivable considered to be uncollectible based upon historical experience and credit evaluation. As of March 31, 2007, one customer accounted for 48% of our accounts receivable. As of December 31, 2005 and 2006, no customer individually accounted for 10% or more of our accounts receivable. Due to the nature of our quarterly revenue streams derived from royalty revenue, it is not unusual for our accounts receivable balances to include a few customers with large balances. Historically, we have not recorded material losses due to customers nonpayment.
61
For the year ended December 31, 2004 and 2005, one customer accounted for 15% and 13% of our total revenue, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2006 and the three months ended March 31, 2007, no customer accounted for more than 10% of our revenue.
Derivative Financial Instruments
We use interest rate derivative instruments to hedge our exposure to interest rate volatility resulting from our variable rate debt, as more fully described in Note 11 to our financial statements appearing at the end of this prospectus. SFAS No. 133, Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities , as amended, or SFAS 133, requires that all derivative instruments be reported on the balance sheet at fair value and establishes criteria for designation and effectiveness of hedging relationships, including a requirement that all designations must be made at the inception of each instrument. As we did not make such initial designations, SFAS 133 requires changes in the fair value of the derivative instrument to be recognized as current period income or expense.
The fair value of derivative instruments is estimated based on the amount that we would receive or pay to terminate the agreements at the reporting date. In December 2004, we entered into two interest rate cap contracts in the notional amounts of $70.0 million and $30.0 million. The $70.0 million interest rate cap expires in November 2007 and the $30.0 million interest rate cap expired in November 2006. We entered into a third interest rate cap contract in September 2005, in the notional amount of $50.0 million expiring in September 2008, and in August 2006 we entered into a fourth interest rate cap in the amount of $60.0 million expiring in August of 2008. Under these contracts, to the extent that LIBOR exceeds a fixed maximum rate, we will receive payments on the notional amount. The total fair value of these financial instruments at December 31, 2005 and 2006 and March 31, 2007 were approximately $1.4 million, $955 and $696, respectively. For 2004, 2005 and 2006, and the three months ended March 31, 2007, we recognized a loss of approximately $238, a gain of approximately $503, a gain of approximately $490 and a loss of approximately $259, respectively. These amounts have been included in other income and expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.
Foreign Currency Translation
In accordance with SFAS No. 52, Foreign Currency Translation , or SFAS 52, all assets and liabilities of our foreign subsidiaries whose functional currency is a currency other than U.S. dollars are translated into U.S. dollars at an exchange rate as of the balance sheet date. Revenue and expenses of these subsidiaries are translated at the average monthly exchange rates. The resulting translation adjustments as calculated from the translation of the foreign subsidiaries to U.S. dollars are recorded as a separate component of stockholders equity.
We also incur foreign currency exchange gains and losses related to certain customers that are invoiced in U.S. dollars, but who have the option to make an equivalent payment in their own functional currencies at a specified exchange rate as of a specified date. In the period from that date until payment in the customers functional currency is received and converted into U.S. dollars, we can incur realized gains and losses. Beginning in September 2005, to mitigate this exposure we began to utilize forward contracts with maturities of 90 days or less to hedge our exposure to these currency fluctuations. Any increase or decrease in the fair value of the forward contracts is offset by the change in the value of the hedged assets of our consolidated foreign affiliate. For 2005 and 2006, we incurred an exchange loss of $1.4 million and a gain of $592, respectively. In the years prior to 2005, currency hedging activities were handled by Agfa and we did not incur either gains or losses. At December 31, 2005 and 2006, we had no outstanding forward contracts. At March 31, 2007, one currency contract was outstanding with fair value unchanged on the last business day of the quarter from the date the contract was entered into.
62
Quarterly Results of Operations
The following tables present our unaudited quarterly results of operations for the nine fiscal quarters ended March 31, 2007. This information reflects all normal non-recurring adjustments that we consider necessary for fair presentation of our financial position and operating results for the quarters presented. The results for any quarter are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected in any future period.
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
|
Three Months Ended |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
March 31,
2005 |
June 30, 2005 |
September 30,
2005 |
December 31,
2005 |
March 31,
2006 |
June 30,
2006 |
September 30,
2006 |
December 31, 2006 |
March 31,
2007 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Revenue: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
OEM |
$ | 14,127 | $ | 14,151 | $ | 15,485 | $ | 15,310 | $ | 14,794 | $ | 15,625 | $ | 17,369 | $ | 16,480 | $ | 17,263 | ||||||||||||||||||
|
Creative professional |
3,435 | 4,134 | 3,250 | 3,884 | 3,672 | 3,879 | 5,417 | 8,968 | 8,447 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Total revenue |
17,562 | 18,285 | 18,735 | 19,194 | 18,466 | 19,504 | 22,786 | 25,448 | 25,710 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Cost of revenue |
2,193 | 2,366 | 2,240 | 2,714 | 2,132 | 2,093 | 2,327 | 1,753 | 2,747 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Cost of revenueamortization of acquired technology |
602 | 602 | 602 | 602 | 675 | 675 | 829 | 842 | 844 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Marketing and selling |
2,803 | 3,155 | 2,788 | 2,984 | 3,043 | 3,164 | 4,250 | 4,474 | 4,531 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Research and development |
2,393 | 2,928 | 2,290 | 3,057 | 2,928 | 2,997 | 3,802 | 4,086 | 4,049 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
General and administrative |
1,172 | 1,248 | 1,357 | 1,862 | 1,817 | 1,789 | 2,067 | 4,439 | 3,536 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Amortization of other intangible assets |
1,614 | 1,615 | 1,615 | 1,615 | 1,613 | 1,614 | 1,663 | 1,797 | 1,779 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Total costs and expenses |
10,777 | 11,914 | 10,892 | 12,834 | 12,208 | 12,332 | 14,938 | 17,391 | 17,486 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Income from operations |
6,785 | 6,371 | 7,843 | 6,360 | 6,258 | 7,172 | 7,848 | 8,057 | 8,224 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Interest expense |
3,016 | 3,013 | 4,738 | 4,126 | 4,131 | 3,929 | 6,411 | 5,216 | 5,344 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Interest income |
(24 | ) | (51 | ) | (65 | ) | (18 | ) | (16 | ) | (66 | ) | (30 | ) | (59 | ) | (21 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
|
Other (income) expense, net |
(296 | ) | 1,305 | (320 | ) | 130 | (722 | ) | (588 | ) | (699 | ) | (1,155 | ) | (127 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
|
Total other expenses |
2,695 | 4,267 | 4,353 | 4,238 | 3,393 | 3,275 | 5,682 | 4,002 | 5,196 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Income before provision for income taxes |
4,089 | 2,104 | 3,490 | 2,122 | 2,865 | 3,897 | 2,166 | 4,055 | 3,028 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Provision for income taxes |
1,636 | 842 | 1,403 | 803 | 1,151 | 1,528 | 1,784 | 1,458 | 1,448 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Net income |
$ | 2,453 | $ | 1,262 | $ | 2,087 | $ | 1,319 | $ | 1,714 | $ | 2,369 | $ | 382 | $ | 2,597 | $ | 1,580 | ||||||||||||||||||
|
Earnings (loss) per common share data: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Basic |
$ | 0.05 | $ | 0.00 | $ | 0.02 | $ | (0.17 | ) | $ | (0.68 | ) | $ | (0.83 | ) | $ | (2.77 | ) | $ | (2.77 | ) | $ | (4.35 | ) | ||||||||||||
|
Diluted |
$ | 0.05 | $ | 0.00 | $ | 0.02 | $ | (0.17 | ) | $ | (0.68 | ) | $ | (0.83 | ) | $ | (2.77 | ) | $ | (2.77 | ) | $ | (4.35 | ) | ||||||||||||
|
Weighted average number of shares: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Basic |
1,371,560 | 1,371,560 | 1,371,560 | 1,553,748 | 2,079,716 | 2,268,776 | 2,440,192 | 2,625,380 | 2,786,916 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Diluted |
27,295,852 | 27,313,872 | 27,545,200 | 1,553,748 | 2,079,716 | 2,268,776 | 2,440,192 | 2,625,380 | 2,786,916 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
63
We generally recognize OEM revenue upon receipt of royalty reports from our OEM customers. This is usually the quarter after they ship a product that includes our text imaging solutions. Historically we have experienced lower revenue in the first quarter of the calendar year than in the preceding quarter due to the timing of some contractual payments of licensing fees from our OEM customers. In addition, our OEM revenue in the fourth quarters of 2005 and 2006 declined compared to the prior quarters due to the timing of product delivery and billings to a significant customer. Our creative professional revenue also fluctuates from quarter to quarter, and historically has been lowest in the first and third quarters of the year. Creative professional revenue was up substantially in the fourth quarter of 2006 and first quarter of 2007 compared to the prior quarters due to the inclusion of Linotype for a full quarter. The margin on our products varies and is lower on custom work and some creative professional products than it is on OEM products. As a result, cost of revenue varies with product mix. In addition, our cost of revenue dropped when we acquired Linotype and China Type Design, and we were able to eliminate the royalties we paid them on consolidation. In the fourth quarter of 2006, our cost of revenue was low because we benefited from three months of Linotype and China Type Design ownership, had less custom revenue and shipped higher margin products than in the previous quarter. In the first quarter of 2007, we benefited from the ownership of Linotype and China Type Design, and our cost of revenue as a percentage of total revenue was lower than in the first quarter of 2006, but the benefit was partially offset because we had more custom revenue and shipped more lower margin products. General and administrative expenses were substantially higher in the fourth quarter of 2006 due to a one-time expense related to audits and the preparation of prior financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP for Linotype as well as expenses related to preparing to be a public company. Our effective tax rate for the quarter ended September 30, 2006 was higher than that of our other quarters due to transactions with our foreign subsidiaries that were deemed to be dividends for income tax purposes. We do not believe that a quarter to quarter comparison of our financial information is the most accurate way to evaluate our financial performance.
64
Overview
We are a leading global provider of text imaging solutions. Our technologies and fonts enable the display and printing of high quality digital text. Our software technologies have been widely deployed across and embedded in a range of CE devices, including laser printers, digital copiers, mobile phones, digital televisions, set-top boxes and digital cameras, as well as in numerous software applications and operating systems. In the laser printer market, we have worked together with industry leaders for over 15 years to provide critical components embedded in printing standards. Our scaling, compression, text layout, color and printer driver technologies solve critical text imaging issues for CE device manufacturers by rendering high quality text on low resolution and memory constrained CE devices. We combine these proprietary technologies with access to over 9,000 typefaces from a library of some of the most widely used designs in the world, including popular names like Helvetica and Times New Roman. We also license our typefaces to creative and business professionals through custom font design services, direct sales and our e-commerce websites fonts.com, itcfonts.com, linotype.com and faces.co.uk, which attracted more than 20 million visits in 2006 from over 200 countries.
Our customers include:
| |
mobile phone makers Nokia, Motorola and Sony Ericsson; |
| |
eight of the top ten laser printer manufacturers based on the volume of units shipped worldwide; |
| |
digital television and set-top box manufacturers TTE Technology, Toshiba and JVC; and |
| |
multinational corporations Agilent, British Airways and Barclays. |
Our text imaging solutions are embedded in a broad range of CE devices and are compatible with most major operating environments and those developed directly by CE device manufacturers. We partner with operating system and software application vendors Microsoft, Apple, Symbian, QUALCOMM and ACCESS (PalmSource). We estimate that our technologies and fonts were embedded in over 50% of the laser printers shipped in 2006. Additionally, we are an active participant in the development of industry standards.
Our key text imaging technologies include:
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Font Scaling, Compression and Rasterizing Technologies |
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Our iType font scaling engine enables the high quality display of text in every major language and in any size on memory constrained CE devices. |
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Our Universal Font Scaling Technology enables the efficient, high-quality rendering of printed text in a wide array of fonts. |
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Our Asian Compression for TrueType enables the accurate and extremely fast rendering of high-quality Asian typefaces for both display and laser printer imaging. |
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Text Layout Engines |
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Our WorldType Layout Engine enables CE devices to display text accurately in complex languages, including Indic, Arabic and Hebrew scripts. |
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Printer Driver Kits |
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Our printer driver kits enable laser printer manufacturers to create customized laser printer drivers that allow applications to print as intended. |
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Imaging Tools |
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Our ColorSet imaging tools enable printer manufacturers complete control over high-quality color reproduction while minimizing development time. |
Industry Overview and Market Opportunity
Font technology has evolved rapidly with the increase in the functionality of CE devices. The latest generation of digital font technology focuses on scalable fonts rather than bitmaps. Bitmaps require the storage of images for each individual character and size, which limits deployment across multiple CE devices. Scalable fonts are more flexible, compressed and memory efficient.
CE devices are marketed globally and increasingly require robust multi-media functionality. Consumers are increasingly acquiring rich digital media content from service providers, over the Internet, as packaged media and from other users. CE device manufacturers must display text from these different sources, provide consistent look and feel across CE devices, support worldwide languages and provide enhanced navigation and personalization. Laser printer manufacturers are utilizing text imaging solutions to enhance functionality and add features.
Consumers want to access content anywhere, anytime and on any CE device. As technologies enable a revolution where media moves seamlessly from one CE device to another, scalable text imaging technologies that are optimized for these CE devices become critical. For example, PC-like rich media functionality is moving to the mobile phone platform, driving the adoption of robust scalable text and digital televisions are incorporating scalable text for navigation and connectivity.
The rapid change in the capabilities and functionality of multimedia enabled CE devices, together with the increased reliance by laser printer manufacturers on enhancing technologies to drive value, favor comprehensive global text imaging solutions.
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The market for laser printers and digital copiers is generally more mature and stable than the rest of the CE device market, and this has resulted in commoditization at the lower-end of the market. Laser printer manufacturers have responded by increasing the functionality of their products, with advancements such as a larger number of embedded fonts and color output, scanning and copying capabilities. This increasing functionality is in turn driving the advancement of the printer industry, particularly the laser printer industry which accounts for a significant portion of the printer market. A March 2007 IDC report estimates that more than 33 million laser printers, which includes single function and multi-function laser printers, were shipped in 2006 generating $41 billion in revenue for laser printer manufacturers.
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Graphic designers, advertisers, printers, publishers and other creative and business professionals also rely heavily on fonts to convey meaning and to differentiate brand identity. For example, creative and business professionals at multinational corporations are increasingly tasked with creating solutions that extend branding and marketing communications into new markets around the world. Creative and business professionals historically acquired fonts primarily from local or regional distributors or dealers. However, we believe online font vendors have become the preferred channel to acquire fonts due to the larger selection, greater ease of use, and the ability to easily access font libraries from anywhere.
OEMs and creative and business professionals are increasingly demanding comprehensive text imaging solutions with flexible technologies that can be rapidly integrated into their products. In the CE device market, advanced text imaging solutions, including scalable and multilingual type that is optimized for CE device memory and display limitations, are critical in supporting text portability. We believe laser printer manufacturers are utilizing text imaging solutions to enhance functionality and combat declining prices. In addition, creative and business professionals like graphic designers and advertising agencies are turning to text imaging solutions more frequently for branding and marketing in todays increasingly global business environment. As a result, OEMs and creative and business professionals are demanding advanced text imaging solutions that are powerful and easy to use, and that continue to develop and evolve to address their text imaging needs.
Competitive Strengths
Our text imaging solutions provide critical technologies and fonts for users that require the ability to display or print high quality digital text. Our core strengths include:
Technological and Intellectual Property Leadership. We are a leading global provider of text imaging solutions for laser printers. We have achieved this leadership position by combining our proprietary technologies with an extensive font library that includes many of the worlds most popular typefaces. We are leveraging our intellectual property and experience in this market to secure a leading position in other high volume CE device categories. For example, we currently ship our text imaging solutions on mobile phones manufactured by three of the largest manufacturers of mobile phones by unit-volume. We have also established footholds in the digital television, digital camera and other emerging CE device categories.
Established Relationships with Market Leaders. We benefit from established relationships with our OEM customers, many of which date back 15 years or more. We work collaboratively with them and obtain insight into their product roadmap and future requirements. Because our technologies and fonts are embedded in the hardware of our customers CE devices, it would be costly and time-consuming to replace them. Our OEM customers include many of the largest and most successful companies in each of the markets that we serve. In the mobile phone and CE device space, we provide technologies to market leaders Nokia, Motorola and Sony Ericsson. In the laser printer market our customers include eight of the top ten laser printer manufacturers based on the volume of units shipped worldwide. Our operating system and application partners include Microsoft, Apple, QUALCOMM and Symbian.
International Presence and Technologies Designed to Serve the Global Market. In 2006 and the three months ended March 31, 2007, 56.5% and 64.0%, respectively, of our revenue was derived from sales by our operating subsidiaries located in Japan, the United Kingdom, Germany and China. Our customers are located in the United States, Asia, Europe and throughout the world. Our technologies and font IP are critical to our OEM customers that manufacture high volume CE devices that have multimedia functionality and multinational distribution. We support all of the worlds major languages and have specifically designed scalable font rendering technologies for displaying rich content in Asian and other non-Latin languages. We enable OEM customers to engineer a common platform supporting multiple languages, reducing their cost and time to market and increasing product
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flexibility. Increasingly, the center of design, manufacturing and consumption of CE devices is in China, Japan and Korea. We have over 15 years of experience partnering with Asian companies like Ricoh, Toshiba and Kyocera Mita. Additionally, through our acquisition of China Type Design, we have expanded our text imaging solutions portfolio and our international presence.
Strong Web Presence and Font Design Services. We have built an extensive customer base of creative and business professionals to whom we license fonts. Our flagship website with the intuitive domain name, fonts.com , along with our other e-commerce websites, including the European site linotype.com , provide us with a substantial web presence offering over 100,000 font products. We have also provided custom font design and branding services to many multinational corporations.
Attractive Business Model. We have a large, recurring base of licensing revenue that is based, in part, on multi-year financial commitments by our OEM customers. In addition, our revenue is highly visible due to our established relationships with our OEM customers and due to quarterly royalty reports we receive from those customers. As a technology licensing business, we generate significant cash flows from incremental OEM revenue. We have a relatively low cash tax rate which increases our cash flows. We have low capital requirements, which drive high returns on invested capital.
Experienced Leadership and Employee Base. Our senior management has an average of 16 years of experience in the text imaging solutions business. Robert M. Givens, our Chairman of the board of directors, and Douglas J. Shaw, our President, Chief Executive Officer and director, have presided over the successful introduction of our text imaging solutions in each of our served markets for over 20 years. Our Chief Financial Officer, Jacqueline D. Arthur, brings significant public company experience from previous positions. John L. Seguin, our Executive Vice President, is a long-time veteran of companies that supply technologies to the CE device industry. Many of the members of our sales, engineering and support staff have been with us since we began serving OEMs and creative and business professionals. As a result, there is significant continuity between our team and our key customers.
Our Strategy
Our objective is to extend our position as a leading global provider of text imaging solutions. We intend to:
Increase Penetration of our Technologies and Fonts into Emerging CE Device Categories. We believe our technologies and fonts are increasingly vital to the mass-market success of certain high growth CE device categories like high-end mobile phones, digital televisions, set-top boxes and digital cameras. We have an established base of customers in these CE device categories and we intend to increase our targeted sales activities to add new customers and increase the number of products, models, applications and systems in which our technologies and fonts are embedded. We intend to market our text imaging solutions for inclusion in emerging CE device categories with sophisticated display imaging needs like high definition DVD players and DVD recorders and in-vehicle entertainment devices. In addition, we intend to extend our reach into new products, customers and models by continuing to partner with leading independent software vendors.
Extend our Leadership Position with Enhanced Technologies in the Laser Printer Market . While the laser printer market has been growing at a slower pace than the market for other CE devices, we have historically sustained consistent growth by anticipating and rapidly adapting to changes in this market. For example, we tailored our products to support PCL and PostScript and, in anticipation of the upcoming release of Microsoft Windows Vista, are prepared to support XPS and the increased font offering that will be part of Microsoft Windows Vista. As laser printers evolved from analog and monochrome to digital and color printers and, more recently to multi-function printers, we also enhanced our existing compression technologies and imaging tools to maintain the high quality rendering of printed text in these new CE
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devices. We also introduced new products like our printer driver kits and color tools to address the increasing demand for customized driver applications. We intend to leverage our extensive experience in this market and our long standing relationships with laser printer manufacturers to maintain our leadership position in the laser printer market.
Leverage our Installed Base of Leading OEM Customers by Providing New Technologies and Fonts. Our customers include many of the largest manufacturers in the CE device markets as well as independent software vendors and we continually seek to develop new technologies and fonts to serve these customers. By providing additional technologies and fonts, we seek to leverage our core relationships to maintain or increase the average selling prices of our text imaging solutions and to further penetrate our existing OEM customer base. Such technologies include worldwide language support products for laser printer manufacturers optimized for the Microsoft Windows Vista platform and new products and technologies for multi-function and color printers.
Expand and Deepen our Global Presence, Particularly in Asia. We intend to drive our revenue growth by leveraging our knowledge of global markets and our global operations. We believe that the expected continued economic growth in Asia will further the demand for Asian text imaging solutions. Through organic expansion and acquisitions, including our recent acquisition of China Type Design, we are increasing our ability to service CE device manufacturers and consumers throughout the world. We intend to focus on the Chinese, Japanese and Korean language markets for laser printers and digital copiers, which together represent approximately 25% of the total global laser printer market. We believe that there are significant growth opportunities in these markets due to our limited penetration to date.
Continue to Develop our Online Offerings and Services. We have a strong online presence with our websites fonts.com, itcfonts.com, linotype.com and faces.co.uk. These websites attracted more than 20 million visits in 2006 from over 200 countries. We believe there are opportunities to increase our revenue per visitor by continuing to offer innovative solutions to this community of users, as well as to benefit from growth in web traffic at these sites. We intend to leverage our web presence to capitalize on the emerging trends in the CE device markets like the demand for personalization of CE devices.
Selectively Pursue Complementary Acquisitions, Strategic Partnerships and Third-Party Intellectual Property. We intend to pursue selected acquisitions, strategic partnerships and third-party intellectual property to accelerate our time to market with complementary text imaging solutions, penetrate new geographies and enhance our intellectual property portfolio. We believe that the market for laser printer and other text imaging technologies is still fragmented. We have a demonstrated track record of identifying, acquiring and integrating companies that enhance our intellectual property portfolio.
Our Products
We develop text imaging solutions that enable the display and printing of high quality text in all of the worlds major languages and are compatible with most major operating environments and those developed directly by CE device manufacturers. Our proprietary technologies address critical text imaging needs for CE device manufacturers by rendering high quality text on low resolution and memory constrained CE devices. We combine these proprietary technologies with access to over 9,000 typefaces. Our key text imaging technologies include:
Font Scaling, Compression and Rasterizing Technologies. Our iType font scaling engine renders high quality text on the small screens of CE devices, including mobile phones, hand-held computers, video game consoles and set-top boxes in virtually any language and any size. The iType engine is fully compatible with industry-standard font formats of TrueType and OpenType as well as our proprietary format for stroke-based Asian fonts. iType is designed to be embedded into a wide range of memory
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constrained CE devices, software applications and operating systems and delivers enhanced display quality and cost savings for CE devices over static font technology, such as bitmaps. Our technology reduces the CE device manufacturers test time, time-to-market and cost of deployment. The iType engine also has low memory requirements, multi-lingual character support, including non-Latin languages, and compatibility with the majority of vendor interfaces. Our newly introduced iType 3.0 SmartHint technology provides improved scalability for smaller sizes of Asian fonts that include numerous strokes. This innovative and proprietary technology preserves correct spatial relationships in text characters and intelligently eliminates strokes while preserving the integrity of each character. iType is fully compatible with NTT DoCoMos i-mode access platform and supports Federal Communications Commissions requirements for closed captioning on digital and analog televisions.
Our font scaling engine and font compression technologies for laser printers reside within the laser printer font subsystem in the form of embedded software, which enables laser printers to render high quality text through a fast, memory-efficient font compression system. Our primary laser printer imaging products are our font scaling engine, Universal Font Scaling Technology, or UFST, and a patented font compression technology, MicroType. Our font scaling engine and font compression technologies are compatible with virtually all font formats and CE device manufacturers standards, including PostScript and PCL. We currently license these products to over 60 laser printer manufacturers worldwide.
We have also developed Asian Compression for TrueType, or ACT, font compression technology for the highly demanding font requirements of Asian and other non-Latin languages. Resident within the UFST or iType engines, as applicable, the ACT font compression technology can reduce Asian font memory requirements by up to 70 percent over alternative technologies. ACT produces accurate and fast rendering of high-quality Asian typeface images for laser printers, digital copiers, mobile phones, digital televisions, set-top boxes and digital cameras.
Text Layout Engine. WorldType Layout Engine is designed for building complex language subsystems, including left-reading and right-reading languages displayed in a single line, which allow CE devices to display multilingual text. The positioning and layout of complex languages and scripts, like Indic, Arabic, and Hebrew scripts, must follow rules for character shaping and construction based on the line of text. Even within each specific language, these rules can be variable from line to line depending on the context of a written message or how it may be edited. Once integrated into an operating system or application, WorldType Layout Engine can handle various intricacies including line layout, contextual character shaping or substitution, ligatures, combined characters and bi-directional text flow. WorldType Layout Engine works with either our iType or UFST technology and can automatically interpret linguistic traits that are part of the complex writing systems of Hindi, Arabic and other languages, which is an important feature in CE devices such as mobile phones.
Printer Driver Kits. Our printer driver kits, or PDKs, enable the creation of customized printer drivers by providing software tools that allow applications to print as intended. The Graphics PDK for PDL-based laser printers and the Image PDK for host-based laser and ink jet printers are compliant with Microsoft Windows printing architecture and contain source code for both the core driver and the graphical user interface. In anticipation of the release of Microsoft Windows Vista operating system we will be making available drivers that will be compliant with Microsofts new XPS printing language.
Imaging Tools. Our ColorSet imaging tools for laser printer manufacturers give our OEM customers complete control over high-quality color reproduction while minimizing development time. We offer three ColorSet tool kits. ColorSet Management Module Tool Kit ensures consistent color mapping between input and output CE devices. ColorSet Profile Tool Kit saves time creating profiles and editing applications. ColorSet Screening Tool Kit maximizes image quality in color laser printers. Each of these kits allows our OEM customers to maximize image quality on color laser printers while supporting industry standards.
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Font Products and Services. A key component of our text imaging solutions is our library of over 9,000 typefaces, which includes fonts owned by us and fonts that we have licensed from third parties. Our library has three components: the Monotype library, the Linotype library and the ITC library. The Monotype library includes a license to certain fonts owned by The Monotype Corporation and licensed to us by Microsoft Licensing GP, both wholly-owned subsidiaries of Microsoft Corporation, including some of the most popular fonts such as Arial and Times New Roman. In certain cases, the license is exclusive. The Linotype library includes Helvetica and Univers and the ITC library includes ITC Avant Garde and ITC Bookman. We have strong relationships with a broad network of highly talented font designers that we leverage to ensure that new fonts are continually being added to our library.
Our core sets of fonts consist of the PCL 6 and PostScript 3 font collections. These fonts are designed for compatibility with HP and Adobe font specifications.
We have designed fonts for CE devices that meet government and industry specifications and address the needs of OEMs. For example, our closed caption font set supports the Federal Communications Commissions requirements for closed captioning display on digital and analog television sets. We also offer Japanese fonts that conform to Japans Association of Radio Industries and Business data coding and transmission specification for digital broadcasting. Our stroke-based fonts are optimized for CE device memory and display limitations. Also, some of our fonts were designed especially for low-resolution CE devices such as television screens.
Creative and business professionals historically acquired fonts primarily from local or regional distributors or dealers. However, more recently, online font vendors have become the preferred method for creative and business professionals to acquire fonts due to the larger selection, ease of use and the ability to access font libraries from anywhere. During 2006, our e-commerce websites fonts.com, itcfonts.com, linotype.com and faces.co.uk attracted 20 million visits from over 200 countries and allow creative and business professionals to purchase and download over 100,000 high quality font products. In addition to our online offerings, creative and business professionals are able to license font packages on a multi-user basis. We also provide custom font design services for corporate branding and identity purposes.
Font Management Technology. Our Fontwise technology allows creative and business professional customers to audit, manage and purchase font licenses. The Fontwise client-server software scans the corporate network and reports on all font files found, identifying fonts for which the user does not have a license and allows the user to enter into the required licenses with us or the relevant font supplier or publisher.
Our FontExplorer X font management software allows the end-user to identify fonts required to view and print a given document as the original author intended and provides an easy way to license that font.
Our Customers
Our customers are among the worlds leading CE device manufacturers and creative and business professionals, including:
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mobile phone makers Nokia, Motorola and Sony Ericsson; |
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eight of the top ten laser printer manufacturers based on the volume of units shipped worldwide; |