UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
(Mark One)
| x | ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2011
OR
| ¨ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the transition period from to
Commission File Number: 000-50460
Tessera Technologies, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
| Delaware | 16-1620029 | |
| (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) | |
|
3025 Orchard Parkway San Jose, California 95134 |
(408) 321-6000 | |
| (Address of principal executive offices, including zip code) | (Registrants telephone number, including area code) |
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| Title of each class | Name of each exchange on which registered | |
| Common stock, par value $0.001 per share | The NASDAQ Global Select Market |
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act. Yes ¨ No x
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrants knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of large accelerated filer, accelerated filer and smaller reporting company in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer x Accelerated filer ¨ Non-accelerated filer ¨ (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) Smaller reporting company ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No x
The aggregate market value of the registrants common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of June 30, 2011 was $877,704,263 (based on the closing sale price of the registrants common stock as reported on The NASDAQ Global Select Market).
The number of shares outstanding of the registrants common stock as of January 31, 2012 was 51,768,249.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE:
Portions of the registrants Proxy Statement for the registrants 2012 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held on March 30, 2012 will be filed with the Commission within 120 days after the close of the registrants 2011 fiscal year and are incorporated by reference in Part III.
ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K
FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2011
Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
This Annual Report contains forward-looking statements, which are subject to the safe harbor provisions created by the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Words such as expects, anticipates, plans, believes, seeks, estimates, could, would, may, intends, targets and similar expressions or variations of such words are intended to identify forward-looking statements, but are not the exclusive means of identifying forward-looking statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K (the Annual Report). The identification of certain statements as forward-looking is not intended to mean that other statements not specifically identified are not forward-looking. All statements other than statements about historical facts are statements that could be deemed forward-looking statements, including, but not limited to, statements that relate to our future revenues, product development, demand, acceptance and market share, future adoption of our
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technologies in the industry, growth rate, competitiveness, gross margins, levels of research, development and other related costs, expenditures, the outcome or effects of and expenses related to litigation and administrative proceedings related to our patents, our intent to enforce our intellectual property, our ability to license our intellectual property or to renew our existing licenses, our ability to verify royalty amounts owed to us under our licenses, our ability to purchase additional patent portfolios, to partner with other patent holders or to otherwise expand our licensable technology portfolio, our ability to become a vertically integrated camera module supplier, our ability to commercialize out technologies, our acquisitions strategy, tax expenses, cash flows, our ability to liquidate and recover the carrying value of our investments, our managements plans and objectives for our current and future operations, managements plans for repurchasing our common stock pursuant to the authorization of our Board of Directors, the levels of customer spending or research and development activities, general economic conditions, the sufficiency of financial resources to support future operations and capital expenditures.
Although forward-looking statements in this Annual Report reflect the good faith judgment of our management, such statements can only be based on facts and factors currently known by us. Consequently, forward-looking statements are inherently subject to risks, uncertainties, and changes in condition, significance, value and effect, including those discussed below under the heading Risk Factors within Item 1A of this Annual Report and other documents we file from time to time with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC), such as our quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and our current reports on Form 8-K. Such risks, uncertainties and changes in condition, significance, value and effect could cause our actual results to differ materially from those expressed herein and in ways not readily foreseeable. Readers are urged not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this Annual Report and are based on information currently and reasonably known to us. We undertake no obligation to revise or update any forward-looking statements in order to reflect any event or circumstance that may arise after the date of this Annual Report. Readers are urged to carefully review and consider the various disclosures made in this Annual Report, which attempt to advise interested parties of the risks and factors that may affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.
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PART I
| Item 1. | Business |
Corporate Information
Tessera Technologies, Inc. (together with its subsidiaries, the Company) was founded and incorporated in the state of Delaware in 1990. Our principal executive offices are located at 3025 Orchard Parkway, San Jose, California 95134. Our telephone number is (408) 321-6000. Tessera, the Tessera logo, µBGA, OptiML, DigitalOptics Corporation, the DigitalOptics Corporation logo, Invensas, the Invensas logo and SHELLCASE are trademarks or registered trademarks of the Company or its affiliated companies in the United States (U.S.) and other countries. All other company, brand and product names may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies.
In this Annual Report, the Company, we, us and our refer to Tessera Technologies, Inc. and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis.
Overview
Tessera Technologies, Inc. is a holding company with operating subsidiaries in two segments: Intellectual Property (formerly Micro-electronics) and DigitalOptics (formerly Imaging and Optics).
Our Intellectual Property segment is managed by Tessera Intellectual Property Corp., including managing the patent and licensing portfolios of our subsidiaries, Tessera, Inc. and Invensas Corporation (Invensas). Our Intellectual Property business, comprised of engineering, licensing, account administration and litigation teams, generates revenue from patented innovations through license agreements with semiconductor companies and outsourced semiconductor assembly and test companies. Tessera, Inc. pioneered chip-scale packaging solutions for the semiconductor industry. We are developing three-dimensional packaging solutions to address new opportunities in our semiconductor packaging . To support relicensing of key customers, Invensas creates custom portfolios of patents purchased from third parties.
DigitalOptics Corporation and its subsidiaries (DOC) operate our DigitalOptics business. DOC delivers innovation in imaging and optics with products and capabilities that enable expanded functionality in increasingly smaller devices. DOCs miniaturized camera module solutions provide cost-effective, high-quality camera features, including Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS)-based auto-focus, extended depth of field (EDoF), zoom, image enhancement and optical image stabilization. These technologies can be applied to mobile phones and other consumer electronic products. DOC also offers customized micro-optic lenses from diffractive and refractive optical elements to integrated micro-optical subassemblies.
Our segments were determined based upon the manner in which our management viewed and evaluated our operations for the period reported. As our business grows and evolves, our management may change their views of our business operations. Segment information in Part II, Item 7 Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and in Note 15 Segment and Geographic Information in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements is incorporated herein by reference and is presented per the authoritative guidance for segment reporting. We renamed our segments in and have resclassified our segment results to reflect the inclusion of our silent air cooling program in our DigitalOptics segment. Prior to this report, that program was included in our Intellectual Property segment.
Intellectual Property Segment
Research and development by our Tessera, Inc. subsidiary led to significant innovations in semiconductor packaging technology. Semiconductor packaging creates the mechanical and electrical connection between semiconductor chips and systems such as computers and communication equipment, often via connection to
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printed circuit boards. We patented these innovations, often referred to as chip-scale packaging, which were widely adopted in the industry. The wave of adoption was initially led by Intel Corporation, and over time, many semiconductor companies and outsourced assembly and test companies adopted the technology and entered into license agreements with Tessera, Inc. We have developed significant capabilities in licensing, technical analysis, reverse engineering, license administration and litigation as we have sought reasonable royalties from companies that adopted our technologies.
In 2011, Invensas launched xFD. xFD is a patented semiconductor packaging technology that reduces packaging costs, improves the performance of memory packages containing multiple face down die, and more importantly, enables system manufacturers to use a lower cost printed circuit board. We are working with system manufacturers, memory chip manufacturers and assembly and test companies to speed adoption of xFD technology.
Customers:
Our semiconductor packaging technologies have been licensed to more than 70 companies. These customers include Hynix, Intel, Motorola Mobility, Samsung, Micron Technology, Inc. and Texas Instruments, among others. More than 60 billion semiconductor chips have shipped with Tessera IP.
Research & Development:
As of December 31, 2011, Tessera, Inc. and Invensas employed 63 engineers and technologists devoted to semiconductor packaging and other semiconductor technologies. Research and development and other related costs for the Intellectual Property segment were approximately $28.8 million, $24.0 million and $25.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively.
Intellectual Property Portfolio:
As of December 31, 2011, our subsidiaries comprising the Intellectual Property segment owned approximately 1,098 United States patents and patent applications, as well as approximately 638 foreign patents and patent applications. The latest to expire of those issued patents expires in 2030.
From 2009 through December 31, 2011, Invensas has spent over $100.0 million acquiring patent portfolios from third parties. These portfolios are generally focused on technology areas relevant to high volume products of our key customers. Invensas will conclude this targeted portfolio acquisition effort upon licensing key existing Tessera, Inc. customers and then will focus on licensing out its expanded portfolio. In October 2011, Invensas acquired patents related to three-dimensional semiconductor packaging solutions from, and entered into a technology transfer arrangement with, ALLVIA, Inc. In December 2011, Invensas also acquired 73 memory technology patents from MoSys, Inc.
In addition, Tessera Intellectual Property Corp. evaluates portfolios in fields beyond semiconductor packaging technologies. Our evaluation criteria for patent acquisitions include, for example: the size of the portfolio, the profitability of the infringing products, our view of the prospects of the market for infringing products, legal criteria and our assessment of the likelihood of obtaining negotiated licenses. See Part I, Item 1A Risk Factors .
Strategy:
We expect our Intellectual Property revenues to primarily come from:
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Continuing business with our existing licensees; |
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New licensees of our semiconductor packaging technology; and |
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Partnering with patent holders or purchasing patent portfolios in fields beyond semiconductor packaging and then leveraging our core competencies in reverse engineering, licensing and litigation to realize the value of those portfolios. |
Our longer-term semiconductor packaging technology strategy focuses on developing a partnership with a company that operates leading edge production facilities. We believe convergence of semiconductor design and manufacturing with assembly and test services is inevitable in the industry. Research and development partnerships will enable our existing team to bring to market three-dimensional packaging solutions and other advancements in semiconductor packaging.
Competition:
We compete with other firms in acquiring or partnering with owners of patent portfolios. The key competitive factors include financial resources and willingness to pay, experience in patent licensing, reputation as a licensor, litigation history, and licensing strategy for the subject portfolio. We also face a form of competition known as royalty stacking. Our customers willingness and ability to pay reasonable royalties is, in part, affected by the number of patents infringed by a particular customer product, the concentration of the holders of those patents, the customers cost of licensing those patents, and the profitability of the infringing product.
Reasonable royalties for our patented inventions are best secured through negotiated license agreements thereby avoiding the uncertainties of litigation. See Part I, Item 1A Risk Factors . Obtaining reasonable royalties for use of our patents is generally dependent on:
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Reverse engineering products and demonstrating infringement of the claimed inventions; |
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Defeating arguments that our patents are invalid or unenforceable; and |
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Providing data supporting the royalties we are seeking. |
Although our Tessera Intellectual Property Corp. licensing team is engaged with many semiconductor manufacturers and assembly and test companies and Tessera, Inc. has licensed many semiconductor companies, some of the companies that use our patented technology have not voluntarily entered into license agreements. As a result, we have developed significant abilities to plan, execute and sustain litigation campaigns. We believe that holding a significant cash and cash equivalents position is essential to maintaining the credibility of our litigation capabilities. Some of Tessera, Inc.s extensively litigated patents expired in 2010, but Tessera, Inc. continues to maintain legal actions seeking damages for past infringement of these expired patents, as well as legal actions related to unexpired patents. See Note 14 Commitments and Contingencies in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
DigitalOptics Segment
DigitalOptics offers mobile camera module solutions in three main categories: actuator technologies, image enhancement solutions and wafer-level optics. DOCs solutions help meet growing consumer demand for smaller size, lower cost and greater functionality in mobile phones and other consumer electronic products.
Actuator technologies:
DOCs silicon solutions improve image quality and enhance, extend and simplify picture taking for mobile and portable camera devices. One example is DOCs MEMS solutions, which offer superior auto-focus and shutter capabilities in a low power, small form factor solution for continuous focus video, saving time and money. MEMS Auto-Focus (AF) actuator uses MEMS technology to precisely position and move a lens inside the camera optics to focus. Positioning precision and repeatability capabilities are achieved through DOCs unique and proprietary MEMS silicon designs.
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DOCs zoom solution eliminates certain drawbacks of conventional zoom technologies while significantly advancing what is possible in a mobile device. By combining a custom lens design with innovative image processing, it enables 3X zoom capabilities.
Image Enhancement Solutions:
DOC licenses software solutions for digital and video photography image enhancement. Examples include:
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Face Tools, which provide face-oriented imaging technology such as face tracking/detection, smile/blink detection, face recognition and face beautification. When combined with our hardware acceleration technology, the performance of these applications for both video and still images is enhanced. |
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Portrait Enhancement, which brings professional photo capabilities to all camera or video-enabled products without requiring separate, post-editing software. It works in real time, with either still images or video. |
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Panorama, which enables users to easily and automatically create panoramic images in a single step, without using a PC or editing software. |
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Video Tools, which combine image enhancement software and hardware acceleration to provide real-time video image stabilization and face beautification. |
Wafer Level Optics:
DOC uses the latest semiconductor manufacturing techniques to develop and deliver its micro-optic lenses, including Diffractive Optical Elements (DOEs), Refractive Optical Elements (ROEs) and Integrated Micro-Optical Subassemblies (IMOS). DOC uses wafer-level processing to fabricate the DOEs and/or ROEs on one or two sides of the wafer, resulting in a high-precision, high-efficiency, cost effective products. The products are manufactured in DOCs state-of-the-art ISO-registered facility.
Customers:
Our DOC technologies are currently licensed to companies such as Jiangyin Changjiang Advanced Packaging Corporation (JCAP), Nikon Corporation, Casio Computer Co., Ltd., Olympus Imaging Corp., Fujitsu, Q Technology Limited, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., STMicroelectronics N.V., Toshiba Corporation, and Xintec, Inc., among others, in markets such as digital still cameras and mobile handsets. Our micro-optic lenses are sold into many markets, including semiconductor lithography, high-end communication routers, military and defense, and barcode scanners.
Sales and Marketing:
Our sales activities focus primarily on developing direct relationships at the technical, marketing and executive management levels with companies in the camera module industry to license our technologies and sell our products and services. Product marketing focuses on identifying the needs and product requirements of our customers. Product marketing also manages the development of all of our technologies throughout the development cycle and creates the required marketing materials to assist with the adoption of the technologies.
Research & Development:
Our research and development groups work closely with our sales and marketing groups, as well as our customers and partners, to bring new products incorporating our technologies to market in a timely, high quality and cost-efficient manner. As of December 31, 2011, DOC employed 270 engineers and technologists devoted to consumer optics. Research and development and other related costs for the DigitalOptics segment were approximately $47.2 million, $50.1 million and $40.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively.
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Intellectual Property Portfolio:
As of December 31, 2011, our subsidiaries comprising the DigitalOptics segment owned approximately 695 United States patents and patent applications, as well as approximately 467 foreign patents and patent applications. The latest to expire of those issued patents expires in 2030.
Strategy:
Our overall goal is to transition DOCs image enhancement solutions from the digital still camera market into the mobile imaging market. We aim to do this primarily in two ways:
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Manufacture and deliver revolutionary MEMS actuators, displacing the current incumbent technology Voice Coil Motor (VCM) and becoming a significant supplier in the $1 billion actuator market; and |
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Become a vertically integrated camera module supplier, either through partnerships, contract manufacturing, or by becoming a manufacturer directly. As a vertically integrated provider, we expect that DOC would be able to compete effectively in the camera module business, which today is a highly fragmented commodity market worth $9 billion. |
Competition:
There are several other licensing and manufacturing companies, including ArcSoft, Inc., Anteryon B.V., DxO Labs, JenOptik A.G., and Heptagon Oy, which are developing imaging and optics solutions and technologies that may compete with ours. In addition, major semiconductor companies producing image sensors are also developing internal solutions that may compete with our technology. These semiconductor companies include, but are not limited to, Omnivision Technologies, Inc., Aptina Imaging Corporation, STMicroelectronics N.V., Samsung Electronics Co, Ltd., and Toshiba Corporation.
Employees
As of December 31, 2011, we had 493 employees, with 61 in sales, marketing and licensing, 333 in research and development (including
employees who perform engineering, assembly, design and infrastructure services under our service agreements with third parties) and 99 in general administration, including general management, information technology, finance and accounting. We have
never had a work stoppage among our employees and no personnel are represented under collective bargaining agreements other than certain ordinary course agreements of an employers collective which may bind our Israeli subsidiaries under Israel
Customer Concentration
All of our revenues are denominated in U.S. dollars. The following table sets forth revenues generated from customers, all of which are in the Intellectual Property segment, comprising 10% or more of total revenues for the periods indicated:
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Years Ended
December 31, |
||||||||||||
| 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | ||||||||||
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Powertech Technology, Inc. |
25 | % | 21 | % | 15 | % | ||||||
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Micron Technology, Inc. |
19 | 13 | * | |||||||||
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Amkor Technology, Inc. |
* | * | 24 | |||||||||
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Motorola, Inc. |
* | * | 10 | |||||||||
| * | denotes less than 10% of total revenues. |
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A significant portion of our revenues are derived from customers headquartered outside of the U.S., principally in Asia and Europe, and we expect these revenues will continue to account for a significant portion of total revenues in future periods. The table below lists the geographic regions of the headquarters of our customers and the percentage of revenues derived from each region for the periods indicated:
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Years Ended
December 31, |
||||||||||||
| 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | ||||||||||
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Asia Pacific |
66 | % | 65 | % | 50 | % | ||||||
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U.S. |
29 | % | 29 | % | 45 | % | ||||||
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Europe and other |
5 | % | 6 | % | 5 | % | ||||||
See Note 15 Segment and Geographic Information in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional geographic information about our revenues and long-lived assets.
The international nature of our business exposes us to a number of risks, including, but not limited to:
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laws and business practices favoring local companies; |
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increased tax rates and withholding tax obligations on license revenues that we may not be able to offset fully against our U.S. tax obligations; |
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difficulties in enforcing U.S. judgments and orders against foreign persons and products made overseas; |
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less effective protection of intellectual property than is afforded in the U.S. or other developed countries; and |
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international terrorism, particularly in emerging markets. |
Available Information
Our internet address is www.tessera.com. We make available on our internet website, free of charge, our annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and any amendments to those reports, as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the SEC. Our SEC reports can be accessed through the investor relations section of our website. The information found on our website is not incorporated into this or any other report we file with or furnish to the SEC.
| Item 1A. | Risk Factors |
Our operations and financial results are subject to various risks and uncertainties, including, but not limited to, those described below, that could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, and the trading price of our common stock
Some of our license agreements have fixed expiration dates and will need to be renewed or replaced. If we are unable to renew or relicense these license agreements on terms favorable to us, our results of operations could be harmed.
Some of our license agreements have fixed expiration dates. We need to renew or replace these agreements prior to their expiration in order to maintain our current revenue base. For example, license agreements with three major memory licensees are scheduled to expire in May 2012. We received notice of renewal from two of the licensees in November 2011, but the third licensee did not exercise its renewal option. We may not be able to continue licensing customers on terms favorable to us, under the existing terms or at all, which would harm our results of operations. In addition, other licensees may not elect to renew their licenses when their respective license agreements expire. We have expanded our licensable technology portfolio through internal development
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and patents purchased from third parties, but there is no guarantee that these measures will lead to continued royalties. If we fail to continue to do business with our current licensees, our business would be materially adversely affected.
We are currently involved in litigation and administrative proceedings involving some of our key patents; any invalidation or limitation of the scope of our key patents could significantly harm our business.
As more fully described under the subheading Contingencies in Note 14 Commitments and Contingencies of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, we are currently involved in litigation involving some of our patents. The parties in these legal actions have challenged the validity, scope, enforceability and ownership of our patents. In addition, reexamination requests have been filed in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) with respect to patent claims at issue in one or more of our litigation proceedings, and oppositions have been filed against us with respect to our patents in the European Patent Office. Under a reexamination proceeding and upon completion of the proceeding, the PTO may leave a patent in its present form, narrow the scope of the patent or cancel some or all of the claims of the patent. The PTO issued several Official Actions rejecting or maintaining earlier rejections of many of the claims in some of our patents. We are currently asserting these patents and patent claims in litigation and administrative proceedings. If the PTOs adverse rulings are upheld on appeal and some or all of the claims of the patents that are subject to reexamination are canceled, our business may be significantly harmed. In addition, counterparties to our litigation and administrative proceedings may seek and obtain orders to stay these proceedings based on rejections of claims in the PTO reexaminations, and other courts or tribunals reviewing our legal actions could make findings adverse to our interests, even if the PTO actions are not final.
We cannot predict the outcome of any of these proceedings or the myriad procedural and substantive motions in these proceedings. If there is an adverse ruling in any legal or administrative proceeding relating to the infringement, validity, enforceability or ownership of any of our patents, or if a court or an administrative body such as the PTO limits the scope of the claims of any of our patents, we could be prevented from enforcing or earning future revenues from those patents, and the likelihood that customers will take new licenses and that current licensees will continue to agree to pay under their existing licenses could be significantly reduced. The resulting reduction in license fees and royalties could significantly harm our business, consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows, or the trading price of our common stock.
Furthermore, regardless of the merits of any claim, the continued maintenance of these legal and administrative proceedings may result in substantial legal expenses and diverts our managements time and attention away from our other business operations, which could significantly harm our business. Our enforcement proceedings historically have been protracted and complex. The time to resolution and complexity of our litigations, their disproportionate importance to our business compared to other companies, the propensity for delay in patent litigations, and the potential that we may lose particular motions as well as the overall litigations all could cause significant volatility in our stock price and materially adversely affect our business and consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
We expect to continue to be involved in material legal proceedings in the future to enforce or protect our intellectual property rights, including material litigation with existing licensees or strategic partners, which could harm either of our business segments, or both.
In the past, we have litigated to enforce our patents and other intellectual property rights, to enforce the terms of our license agreements, to protect our trade secrets, to determine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others and to defend against claims of infringement or invalidity. Our current legal actions, as described under the subheading Contingencies in Note 14 Commitments and Contingencies of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, are examples of disputes and litigation that impact our business. We expect to be involved in similar legal proceedings in the future, including proceedings to ensure proper and full payment of royalties by licensees under the terms of their license agreements.
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These existing and any future legal actions may harm either or both of our business segments, and may hinder our ability to independently optimize each of them. For example, they could cause an existing licensee or strategic partner to cease making royalty or other payments to us, or to challenge the validity and enforceability of our patents or the scope of our license agreements, and could significantly damage our relationship with such licensee or strategic partner and, as a result, prevent the adoption of our other Intellectual Property or DigitalOptics technologies by such licensee or strategic partner. Litigation could also severely disrupt or shut down the business operations of our licensees or strategic partners, which in turn would significantly harm our ongoing relations with them and cause us to lose royalty revenues.
From time to time we identify products that we believe to infringe our patents. We seek to license the manufacturer of those products but on occasion the manufacturer is unwilling to enter into a license agreement and then we enforce our patent rights against those products. Litigation stemming from these or other disputes could also harm our relationships with other licensees or our ability to gain new customers, who may postpone licensing decisions pending the outcome of the litigation or dispute, or who may, as a result of such litigation, choose not to adopt our technologies. In addition, these legal proceedings could be very expensive and may reduce or eliminate our profits.
The costs associated with legal proceedings are typically high, relatively unpredictable and not completely within our control. These costs may be materially higher than expected, which could adversely affect our operating results and lead to volatility in the price of our common stock. Whether or not determined in our favor or ultimately settled, litigation diverts our managerial, technical, legal and financial resources from our business operations. Furthermore, an adverse decision in any of these legal actions could result in a loss of our proprietary rights, subject us to significant liabilities, require us to seek licenses from others, limit the value of our licensed technology or otherwise negatively impact our stock price or our business and consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
Even if we prevail in our legal actions, significant contingencies will exist to their settlement and final resolution, including the scope of the liability of each party, our ability to enforce judgments against the parties, the ability and willingness of the parties to make any payments owed or agreed upon and the dismissal of the legal action by the relevant court, none of which are completely within our control. Parties that may be obligated to pay us royalties could also decide to alter their business activities or corporate structure, which could affect our ability to collect royalties from such parties.
Volume pricing incentives in our licenses with two DRAM manufacturers may slow our DRAM royalty growth.
In 2005, Tessera, Inc. provided two major dynamic random access memory (DRAM) manufacturers with first-mover pricing advantages with respect to royalties due to Tessera, Inc. under their respective licenses based on several factors, including volumes. The effect of the volume pricing adjustments may cause, at certain shipment volumes and for these two DRAM manufacturers only, Tessera, Inc.s aggregate annual DRAM royalty revenues to grow less rapidly than annual growth in overall unit shipments in the DRAM end market. An additional effect may include some quarter-to-quarter fluctuations in growth in Tessera, Inc.s revenues from the DRAM end market, depending on the relative DRAM market share enjoyed by these two DRAM manufacturers as well as the timing of when they reach the volume pricing incentive in a given calendar quarter and their royalty payments within a calendar year.
If we fail to protect and enforce our intellectual property rights and our confidential information, our business will suffer.
We rely primarily on a combination of license, development and nondisclosure agreements and other contractual provisions and patent, trademark, trade secret and copyright laws to protect our technology and intellectual property. If we fail to protect our technology and intellectual property, our licensees and others may
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seek to use our technology and intellectual property without the payment of license fees and royalties, which could weaken our competitive position, reduce our operating results and increase the likelihood of costly litigation. The growth of our business depends in large part on our ability to obtain intellectual property rights in a timely manner, our ability to convince third parties of the applicability of our intellectual property rights to their products, and our ability to enforce our intellectual property rights against them.
In certain instances, we attempt to obtain patent protection for portions of our technology, and our license agreements typically include both issued patents and pending patent applications. If we fail to obtain patents in a timely manner or if the patents issued to us do not cover all of the inventions disclosed in our patent applications, others could use portions of our technology and intellectual property without the payment of license fees and royalties. For example, our business may suffer if we are unable to obtain patent protection in a timely manner from the PTO due to processing delays resulting from examiner turnover and a continuing backlog of patent applications.
We also rely on trade secret laws rather than patent laws to protect other portions of our proprietary technology. However, trade secrets can be difficult to protect. The misappropriation of our trade secrets or other proprietary information could seriously harm our business. We protect our proprietary technology and processes, in part, through confidentiality agreements with our employees, consultants, suppliers and customers. We cannot be certain that these contracts have not been and will not be breached, that we will be able to timely detect unauthorized use or transfer of our technology and intellectual property, that we will have adequate remedies for any breach, or that our trade secrets will not otherwise become known or be independently discovered by competitors. If we fail to use these mechanisms to protect our technology and intellectual property, or if a court fails to enforce our intellectual property rights, our business will suffer. We cannot be certain that these protection mechanisms can be successfully asserted in the future or will not be invalidated or challenged.
Further, the laws and enforcement regimes of certain countries do not protect our technology and intellectual property to the same extent as do the laws and enforcement regimes of the U.S. Therefore, in certain jurisdictions we may be unable to protect our technology and intellectual property adequately against unauthorized use, which could adversely affect our business.
Our business may suffer if third parties assert that we violate their intellectual property rights.
Third parties may claim that we or our customers are infringing upon their intellectual property rights. Even if we believe that such claims are without merit, they can be time-consuming and costly to defend against and will divert managements attention and resources away from our business. Furthermore, third parties making such claims may be able to obtain injunctive or other equitable relief that could block our ability to further develop or commercialize some or all of our products or services in the U.S. and abroad. Claims of intellectual property infringement also might require us to enter into costly settlement or license agreements or pay costly damage awards. Even if we have an agreement that provides for a third party to indemnify us against such costs, the indemnifying party may be unable to perform its contractual obligations under the agreement. If we cannot or do not license the infringed intellectual property at all or on reasonable terms, or substitute similar technology from another source, our business, financial position, results of operations or cash flows could suffer.
Recent changes to U.S. patent laws and proposed changes to the rules of the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office may adversely impact our business.
Our business relies in part on the uniform and historically consistent application of U.S. patent laws and regulations. There are numerous recent changes to the patent laws and proposed changes to the rules of the PTO, which may have a significant impact on our ability to protect our technology and enforce our intellectual property rights. For example, on September 16, 2011, President Obama signed the Leahy-Smith America Invents Act which codifies significant changes to the U.S. patent laws, including, among other things, changing from a first to invent to a first inventor to file system, limiting where a patentee may file a patent suit, requiring the
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apportionment of patent damages, replacing interference proceedings with derivation actions and creating a post-grant opposition process to challenge patents after they have been issued. The effects of these changes on our patent portfolio and business have yet to be determined, as the PTO must still implement regulations relating to these changes and the courts have yet to address the new provisions. In addition, in recent years, the courts have interpreted U.S. patent laws and regulations differently, and in particular the U.S. Supreme Court has decided a number of patent cases and continues to actively review more patent cases than it has in the past. Some of these changes or potential changes may not be advantageous for us, and may make it more difficult to obtain adequate patent protection or to enforce our patents against parties using them without a license or payment of royalties. These changes or potential changes could increase the costs and uncertainties surrounding the prosecution of our patent applications and the enforcement or defense of our patent rights, and could have a deleterious effect on our licensing program and, therefore, the royalties we can collect.
Some of our license agreements may convert to fully paid-up licenses at the expiration of their terms, and we may not receive royalties after that time.
Tessera, Inc.s license agreement with Texas Instruments, Inc. automatically converts to a fully paid-up license on December 31, 2013, assuming that Texas Instruments complies with all terms and conditions of the license agreement up through its expiration. Tessera, Incs license agreements with Samsung Electronics Co, Ltd. and Hynix Semiconductor Inc. each convert to a fully paid-up license after the expiration of its extended term in 2017. We may not receive further royalties from licensees for any licensed technology under those agreements if they convert to fully paid-up licenses because such licensees will be entitled to continue using some, if not all, of Tessera, Inc.s relevant intellectual property under the terms of the license agreements without further payment, even if relevant patents are still in effect. If we cannot find another source of revenue to replace the revenues from these license agreements converting to fully paid-up licenses, our results of operations following such conversion would be materially adversely affected.
A significant amount of our royalty revenues comes from a few end markets and products, and our business could be harmed if demand for these market segments or products declines.
A significant portion of our royalty revenues comes from the manufacture and sale of packaged semiconductor chips for digital signal processors, application-specific standard product semiconductors, application-specific integrated circuits and memory. In addition, we derive substantial revenues from the incorporation of our technology into mobile devices. If demand for semiconductors in any one or a combination of these market segments or products declines, our royalty revenues will be reduced significantly and our business would be harmed.
Our revenues are concentrated in a few customers and if we lose any of these customers our revenues may decrease substantially.
We earn a significant amount of our revenues from a limited number of customers. For the year ended December 31, 2011, there were two customers that each accounted for 10% or more of total revenues. We expect that a significant portion of our revenues will continue to come from a limited number of customers for the foreseeable future. If we lose any of these customers, our revenues may decrease substantially. Powertech Technology Inc. (PTI), one of these customers, has initiated litigation to terminate its license with Tessera, Inc. See Contingencies in Note 14 Commitments and Contingencies of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. If PTI elects to stop making payments or if we receive an adverse determination in that case, it would have a substantial adverse impact on our royalty revenue in the near term.
We have a royalty-based business model, which is inherently risky.
Our long-term success depends on future royalties paid to us by licensees. Royalty payments under our licenses are primarily based upon the number of electrical connections to the semiconductor chip in a package
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covered by our licensed technology. We also have royalty arrangements in which royalties are paid based on a percent of net sales, a per package, or a per unit sold basis. We are dependent upon our ability to structure, negotiate and enforce agreements for the determination and payment of royalties, as well as upon our licensees compliance with their agreements. We face risks inherent in a royalty-based business model, many of which are outside of our control, such as the following:
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the rate of adoption and incorporation of our technology by semiconductor manufacturers and assemblers; |
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the extent to which large equipment vendors and material providers develop and supply tools and materials to enable manufacturing using our packaging technology; |
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the demand for products incorporating semiconductors that use our licensed technology; |
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the cyclicality of supply and demand for products using our licensed technology; |
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the impact of economic downturns; and |
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the timing of receipt of royalty reports may not meet our revenue recognition criteria resulting in fluctuation in our results of operations. |
It is difficult for us to verify royalty amounts owed to us under our licensing agreements, and this may cause us to lose revenues.
The terms of our license agreements generally require our licensees to document their use of our technology and report related data to us on a quarterly basis. Although our license terms generally give us the right to audit books and records of our licensees to verify this information, audits can be expensive, time consuming, and may not be cost justified based on our understanding of our licensees businesses. Our license compliance program audits certain licensees to review the accuracy of the information contained in their royalty reports in an effort to decrease the likelihood that we will not receive the royalty revenues to which we are entitled under the terms of our license agreements, but we cannot give assurances that such audits will be effective to that end.
The markets for semiconductors and related products and camera modules are highly concentrated, and we may have limited opportunities to license our technologies or sell our products.
The semiconductor industry is highly concentrated in that a small number of semiconductor designers and manufacturers account for a substantial portion of the purchases of semiconductor products generally, including our products and products incorporating our technologies. Consolidation in the semiconductor industry may increase this concentration. Accordingly, we expect that licenses of our technologies and sales of our products will be concentrated with a limited number of customers for the foreseeable future. As we acquire new technologies and integrate them into our product line, we will need to establish new relationships to sell these products. Our financial results depend in significant part on our success in establishing and maintaining relationships with, and effecting substantial sales to, these customers. Even if we are successful in establishing and maintaining such relationships, our financial results will be dependent in large part on these customers sales and business results. This is also true for the camera module market which is the target market for our imaging and optics business. In this market, a small number of original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) account for a substantial portion of purchases of camera-enabled cell phones and other mobile devices. We have been promoting the adoption of our technologies in this market through the supply chain infrastructure by signing licenses with the sensor, lens and camera manufacturers and assemblers. Consolidation of the OEMs may affect our licensees ability to maintain or establish relationships with these OEMs through which they sell products incorporating our imaging and optics technologies. As a result, our financial results could be materially adversely affected.
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The current DRAM market conditions are challenging, and if such conditions do not improve, it may have a material adverse effect on our business.
Current conditions in the DRAM market are challenging. Prices for many DRAM chips are less than our licensees or potential licensees variable costs of making that chip. The DRAM market has gone through many cycles of unprofitability, resulting in the bankruptcy, consolidation or discontinuation of DRAM production by many semiconductor companies. We are unable to predict the effect of the current market conditions on our licensees or potential licensees. The poor profitability, bankruptcy, consolidation or discontinuation of DRAM production by any of these companies could have a material adverse effect on our business.
We make significant investments in new products and services that may not achieve technological feasibility or profitability or that may limit our revenue growth.
We have made and will continue to make significant investments in research, development, and marketing of new technologies, products and services, including MEMS-based auto-focus technologies, EDoF, OptiML Zoom and other image quality enhancement technologies, and thermal management technology (also referred to as silent air cooling). Investments in new technologies are speculative and technological feasibility may not be achieved. Commercial success depends on many factors including innovativeness and demand for the technology, availability of materials and equipment, selling price the market is willing to bear, competition and effective licensing or product sales. We may not achieve significant revenues from new product and service investments for a number of years, if at all. Moreover, new technologies, products and services may not be profitable, and even if they are profitable, operating margins for new products and businesses may not be as high as the margins we have experienced historically or originally anticipated.
Competing technologies may harm our business.
We expect that our technologies will continue to compete with technologies of internal design groups at semiconductor manufacturers, assemblers, electronic component and system manufacturers, image sensor and lens manufacturers and camera module companies such as Omnivision Technologies, Inc., Aptina Imaging Corporation, STMicroelectronics, Inc., Samsung Electronics Co, Ltd., and Toshiba Corporation. The internal design groups of these companies create their own packaging, imaging and optics solutions. If these internal design groups design around our patents or introduce unique solutions superior to our technology, they may not need to license our technology. These groups may design technology that is less expensive to implement or that enables products with higher performance or additional features. Many of these groups have substantially greater resources, greater financial strength and lower cost structures which may allow them to undercut our price. They also have the inherent advantage of access to internal corporate strategies, technology roadmaps and technical information. As a result, they may be able to bring alternative solutions to market more easily and quickly.
For our imaging and optics technologies, our OptiML Focus technology enables camera modules to automatically focus without any moving parts by employing extended depth of field technology. Our MEMS-based auto-focus technology enables high-precision control of a moving lens for auto-focus functionality with a small form factor. These technologies compete with auto-focus technologies including traditional lens-motion-type auto-focus, emerging lens-modification-type auto-focus, solutions using voice coil motor technology, and also other computational-type auto-focus solutions and other solutions and technologies provided by companies such as DxO Labs. Our Micro-optics products such as the diffractive optical elements used in off-axis illumination for lithography, face competition from products offered by other Micro-optics manufacturers such as JenOptik A.G. as well as emerging technologies such as ASMLs FlexRay technology. Our wafer-level camera solution competes with both the traditional lens vendors who enjoy an established supply chain, as well as other wafer-level optics technologies offered by companies such as Heptagon Oy and Anteryon B.V. For the embedded image enhancement technologies such as Face Detection and our other Face Tools products, our offerings compete with other image processing software vendors such as ArcSoft, Inc. as well as internal design groups of our customers providing similar technologies by employing different approaches. We also expect to see other competing technologies emerge.
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In the future, our licensed technologies may also compete with other technologies that emerge. These technologies may be less expensive and provide higher or additional performance. Companies with these competing technologies may also have greater resources. Technological change could render our technologies obsolete, and new, competitive technologies could emerge that achieve broad adoption and adversely affect the use of our technologies and intellectual property.
If we do not create and implement new technologies or expand our licensable technology portfolio, our competitive position could be harmed and our operating results adversely affected.
We derive a significant portion of our revenues from licenses and royalties from a relatively small number of key technologies. We devote significant engineering resources to develop new technologies to address the evolving needs of the semiconductor and the consumer and communication electronics industries. To remain competitive, we must introduce new technologies in a timely manner and the market must adopt them. Developments in our technologies are inherently complex, and require long development cycles and a substantial investment before we can determine their commercial viability. We may not be able to develop and market new technologies in a timely or commercially acceptable fashion. Moreover, our patents will expire in the future. Our current U.S. issued patents expire at various times from 2012 through 2030. We need to develop or acquire successful innovations and obtain patents on those innovations before our current patents expire, and our failure to do so could significantly harm our business, financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
If we do not successfully further develop and commercialize the technologies we acquire, or cultivate strategic relationships that expand our licensable technology portfolio, our competitive position could be harmed and our operating results adversely affected.
We also attempt to expand our licensable technology portfolio and technical expertise by acquiring and further developing new technologies or developing strategic relationships with others. These strategic relationships may include the right for us to sublicense technology and intellectual property to others. However, we may not be able to acquire or obtain rights to licensable technology and intellectual property in a timely manner or upon commercially reasonable terms. Even if we do acquire such rights, some of the technologies we invest in may be commercially unproven and may not be adopted or accepted by the industry. Moreover, our research and development efforts, and acquisitions and strategic relationships, may be futile if we do not accurately predict the future needs of the semiconductor, consumer and communication electronics, and consumer imaging industries. Our failure to acquire new technologies that are commercially viable in the semiconductor, consumer and communication electronics, and consumer imaging industries could significantly harm our business, financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
The way we integrate internally developed and acquired technologies into our products and licensing programs may not be accepted by customers.
We have devoted, and expect to continue to devote, considerable time and resources to developing, acquiring and integrating new and existing technologies into our products and licensing programs. However, if customers do not accept the way we have integrated our technologies, they may adopt competing solutions. In addition, as we introduce new products or licensing programs, we cannot predict with certainty if and when our customers will transition to those new products or licensing programs. If customers fail to accept new or upgraded products or licensing programs incorporating our technologies, our financial position, results of operations or cash flows could be adversely impacted.
Failure by our licensees to sell products using our technology could limit our royalty revenue growth.
Because we expect a portion of our future revenues to be derived from licenses and royalties from semiconductors that use our licensed technology, our future success depends upon our licensees developing and
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selling commercially successful products. Any of the following factors could limit our licensees ability to sell products that incorporate our technology:
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the willingness and ability of materials and equipment suppliers to produce materials and equipment that support our licensed technology, in a quantity sufficient to enable volume manufacturing; |
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the ability of our licensees to purchase such materials and equipment on a cost-effective and timely basis; |
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the willingness of our licensees and others to make investments in the manufacturing process that supports our licensed technology, and the amount and timing of those investments; and |
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our licensees ability to design and assemble packages incorporating our technology that are acceptable to their customers. |
As part of our DigitalOptics business, we currently derive revenues from licenses to and royalties from our imaging and optics technologies in consumer electronics, such as mobile phones, digital still cameras, wireless devices, personal computers and other consumer electronics. Our future success depends upon transitioning our image enhancement solutions into the mobile imaging market through delivering revolutionary MEMS actuators and becoming a vertically integrated camera module supplier. Any of the following factors could limit the growth of our imaging and optics technology:
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our ability to innovate and provide solutions at lower costs, with improved performance, or with more enhanced features than our competitors; |
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the relevant markets rate of adoption of our imaging and optics technologies; |
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our ability to build a robust supply chain to support product ramp plans; and |
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our competitors who may have superior products or solutions which take away market shares or design wins from us. |
Failure by the semiconductor industry to adopt our packaging technology for the next generation high performance DRAM chips would significantly harm our business.
To date, our packaging technology has been used by several companies for high performance DRAM chips. For example, packaging using our technology is used for DDR2 and DDR3 DRAM and we currently have licensees, including Hynix Semiconductor Inc., Micron Technology, Inc., and Samsung Electronics, Co., Ltd., who are paying royalties for DRAM chips in advanced packages.
DRAM manufacturers are also currently developing next generation high performance DRAM chips, including next generation of DDR referred to as DDR4, to meet increasing speed and performance requirements of electronic products. We believe that these next-generation, high performance DRAM chips will require advanced packaging technologies such as CSP.
We anticipate that royalties from shipments of these next-generation, high performance DRAM chips packaged using our technology may account for a significant percentage of our future revenues. If semiconductor manufacturers do not continue to use packages employing our technology for the next generation of high performance DRAM and find a viable alternative packaging technology for use with next generation high performance DRAM chips, or if we do not receive royalties from next generation, high performance DRAM chips that use our technology, our future revenues could be adversely affected.
Our technology may be too expensive for certain next generation high performance DRAM manufacturers, which could significantly reduce the adoption rate of our packaging technology in next generation high performance DRAM chips. Even if our package technology is selected for at least some of these next generation high performance DRAM chips, there could be delays in the introduction of products utilizing these chips that
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could materially affect the amount and timing of any royalty payments that we receive. Other factors that could affect adoption of our technology for next generation high performance DRAM products include delays or shortages of materials and equipment and the availability of testing services.
If our licensees delay or are unable to make payments to us due to financial difficulties, or shift their licensed products to other companies to lower their royalties to us, our operating results and cash flows could be adversely affected.
A number of companies in the semiconductor and consumer electronics industries are facing severe financial difficulties. As a result, there have been recent bankruptcies and restructuring of companies in these industries. Our licensees may face similar financial difficulties which may result in their inability to make payments to us in a timely manner or if at all. In addition, our licensees may merge with or may shift the manufacture of licensed products to companies that are not currently licensees to us. This could make the collection process complex and difficult which could adversely impact our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
As a larger portion of our revenues is generated from product sales, we may rely on outsourced high volume manufacturing, which is inherently risky.
As we integrate internally developed technologies into products, we may rely on outsourced high volume manufacturing by utilizing third party foundry, packaging, assembly and test capabilities. Doing so could present risks to our operations, including:
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reduced control over delivery schedules, yields, capacity and quality assurance; |
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limited number of vendors capable of manufacturing our high technology products; |
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limited availability of vendor capacity for our products which may delay time to market; |
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failure of vendors to meet our technical requirements; |
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difficulty in determining target inventory levels based on forecasted demand, which may not be reliable; |
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infringement or misappropriation of other third parties or our intellectual property; |
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limited warranties on products and services supplied to us; and |
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overhead costs of developing and maintaining a global supply chain. |
If any vendor in the supply chain materially fails to perform, or if we are required to find an alternate vendor and are not able to do so on a timely basis, or if these vendors materially increase their prices, our business strategy could be harmed and our results of operations could be adversely affected.
Our services business, including customization services, may subject us to specific costs and risks that we may fail to manage adequately and could harm our business.
We derive a portion of our revenues from engineering and design services. Among the engineering services that we offer are customized package design and prototyping, modeling, simulation, failure analysis and reliability testing and related training services. We also offer our customers design services to customize our technologies to incorporate into their products and production processes, enabling our customers to shorten the development effort and time to market. A number of factors, including, among others, the perceived value of our intellectual property portfolio, our ability to convince customers of the value of our engineering services and our reputation for performance under our service contracts, could cause our revenues from engineering services to decline, damage our reputation, and harm our ability to attract future customers, which would in turn harm our operating results.
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Under certain contracts, we are required to perform certain services, in some cases including design services for lens, register transfer level, high performance optical and optical components and tooling services. If we fail to deliver as required under these contracts, we could lose revenues and become subject to liability for breach of contract. We also provide certain services at or below cost in an effort to increase the speed and breadth with which our customers adopt our technologies. For example, we provide modeling, manufacturing process training, equipment and materials characterization and other services to assist customers in designing, implementing, upgrading and maintaining their assembly lines. We frequently provide these services as a form of training to introduce new customers to our technology and existing customers to new technologies, with the aim that these services will generate revenues in the future. Our failure to manage these services adequately may harm our business, financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
Our DigitalOptics solutions rely on the use of certain materials from a single supplier or a limited number of suppliers. The lack of availability of these materials could delay the execution of our business strategy and adversely affect our revenues.
We rely on the use of certain materials available from a single supplier or a limited number of suppliers for the manufacturing of our small form factor micro-optics. If any or some of these materials become unavailable, or, if any of these suppliers cease operations and we cannot find an alternative source, our development efforts could be delayed and our revenues from our DigitalOptics business could be adversely affected.
Our licensing cycle is lengthy and costly, and our marketing, legal and sales efforts may be unsuccessful.
We generally incur significant marketing, legal and sales expenses prior to entering into our license agreements, generating a license fee and establishing a royalty stream from each licensee. The length of time it takes to establish a new licensing relationship can range from six to 18 months or longer for an Intellectual Property license and 18 to 24 months or longer for a DigitalOptics license. As such, we may incur significant losses in any particular period before any associated revenue stream begins.
Tessera Intellectual Property Corp. incurs significant reverse engineering expenditures on products of potential licensee in order to prepare sales and marketing collateral. We employ intensive marketing and sales efforts to educate licensees, potential licensees and original equipment manufacturers about the benefits of our technologies. In addition, even if these companies adopt our technologies, they must devote significant resources to integrate fully our technologies into their operations. If our marketing and sales efforts are unsuccessful, then we will not be able to achieve widespread acceptance of our technology. In addition, ongoing litigation could impact our ability to gain new licensees which could have an adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
Our financial and operating results may vary, which may cause the price of our common stock to decline.
We currently provide guidance on revenues and expenses on a quarterly basis. Our quarterly operating results have fluctuated in the past and are likely to do so in the future. Because our operating results are difficult to predict, you should not rely on quarterly or annual comparisons of our results of operations as an indication of our future performance. Factors that could cause our operating results to fluctuate during any period or that could adversely affect our ability to achieve our strategic objectives include those listed in this Risk Factors section of this report and the following:
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the timing of and compliance with license or service agreements and the terms and conditions for payment to us of license or service fees under these agreements; |
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fluctuations in our royalties caused by pricing advantages provided to two DRAM manufacturers; |
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changes in our royalties caused by changes in demand for products incorporating semiconductors that use our licensed technology; |
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decrease in our revenues caused by price erosion on high performance camera modules incorporating our DigitalOptics technologies; |
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the amount of our product and service revenues; |
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the timing of obtaining design wins and manufacturing plan for our MEMS solutions; |
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changes in the level of our operating expenses; |
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delays in our introduction of new technologies or market acceptance of these new technologies through new license agreements; |
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our ability to protect or enforce our intellectual property rights or the terms of our agreements; |
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legal proceedings affecting our patents, patent applications or license agreements; |
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the timing of the introduction by others of competing technologies; |
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changes in demand for semiconductor chips in the specific end markets in which we concentrate; |
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changes in demand for semiconductor capital equipment, digital still cameras and other camera-enabled devices including cell phones, security systems and personal computers; |
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the timing of the conclusion of license agreements; |
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the time it takes to establish new licensing arrangements could be lengthy; |
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the timing of meeting the requirements for revenue recognition under accounting principles; |
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changes in accounting principles; and |
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cyclical fluctuations in semiconductor markets generally. |
Due to fluctuations in our operating results, reports from market and security analysts, litigation-related developments, and other factors, the price at which our common stock will trade is likely to continue to be highly volatile. In future periods, if our revenues or operating results are below our estimates or the estimates or expectations of public market analysts and investors, our stock price could decline. In the past, securities class action litigation has often been brought against companies following a decline in the market price of their securities. If our stock price is volatile, we may become involved in this type of litigation in the future. Any litigation could result in substantial costs and a diversion of managements attention and resources that are needed to successfully run our business.
The investment of our cash, cash equivalents and investments in marketable debt securities are subject to risks which may cause losses and affect the liquidity of these investments.
At December 31, 2011, we held approximately $55.8 million in cash and cash equivalents and $436.6 million in short-term investments. These investments include various financial securities such as municipal bonds and notes, corporate bonds and notes, commercial paper, treasury and agency notes and bills, and money market funds. The weakened financial markets, originally caused by the sub-prime mortgage crisis in the U.S., has at times adversely impacted the general credit, liquidity, market and interest rates for these and other types of debt securities. Additionally, changes in monetary policy by the Federal Open Market Committee and recent concerns about the rising U.S. government debt level may cause a decrease in the purchasing power of the U.S. dollar and adversely affect our investment portfolio. The financial market and monetary risks associated with our investment portfolio may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
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The economic downturn and weakened financial markets could negatively affect our businesses, results of operations and financial condition.
Slow economic activity, high unemployment, concerns about inflation and energy costs, decreased business and consumer confidence, reduced corporate profits and capital spending, adverse business conditions and liquidity concerns have contributed to and continue to contribute to a challenging economic environment. This environment makes it difficult for our customers, our vendors and us to accurately forecast and plan future business activities and has caused businesses to slow spending on our products and services. Our major licensees have experienced reductions in semiconductor sales which could materially and adversely affect our revenues, results of operations and financial condition. Furthermore, the constraints in the capital and credit markets may limit the ability of our customers to timely borrow and access the capital and credit markets to meet their liquidity needs, which could result in an impairment of their ability to make timely payments to us and reduce their demand for our products and services, which could materially and adversely impact our results of operations or cash flows.
We operate in a highly cyclical semiconductor industry, which is subject to significant downturns.
The semiconductor industry has historically been cyclical and is characterized by wide fluctuations in product supply and demand. From time to time, this industry has experienced significant downturns, often in connection with, or in anticipation of, declining economic conditions, maturing product and technology cycles, and excess inventories. This cyclicality could cause our operating results to decline dramatically from one period to the next. Our business depends heavily upon the volume of production by our licensees, which, in turn, depends upon the current and anticipated market demand for semiconductors and products that use semiconductors. Similarly, our product revenues rely at least in part upon the demand of the semiconductor equipment market. Semiconductor manufacturers and package assembly companies generally sharply curtail their spending during industry downturns, such as in the current global economic downturn, and historically have lowered their spending more than the decline in their revenues. As a result, the impact of the current global economic downturn on our businesses is exacerbated by the cyclicality of the semiconductor industry. If we are unable to control our expenses adequately in response to lower revenues from our licensees and service customers in the current or any future economic downturn, our operating results may suffer and we may experience operating losses.
Changes in financial accounting or existing taxation standards, rules, practices or interpretation may cause adverse unexpected revenue and expense fluctuations which may impact our reported results of operations.
We prepare our consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP. These principles are subject to interpretations by the SEC and various accounting bodies. In addition, we are subject to various taxation rules in many jurisdictions. The existing taxation rules are generally complex, frequently changing and often ambiguous. Changes to existing taxation rules, changes to the financial accounting standards such as the proposed convergence to international financial reporting standards, or any changes to the interpretations of these standards or rules may adversely affect our reported financial results or the way we conduct our business. Recent accounting pronouncements and their estimated potential impact on our business are addressed in Note 3 Recent Accounting Pronouncements in the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
The international nature of our business exposes us to financial and regulatory risks that may have a negative impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flow, and we may have difficulty protecting our intellectual property in some foreign countries.
We derive a significant portion of our revenues from licensees headquartered outside of the U.S. We have also expanded our operations outside of the U.S. such as research and development facilities in Israel, Ireland and
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Romania to design, develop, test or market certain technologies. International operations are subject to a number of risks, including but not limited to the following:
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fluctuations in exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and foreign currencies as our revenues are denominated principally in U.S. dollars and a portion of our costs are based in non U.S. dollars; |
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security concerns, including crime, political instability, terrorist activity, armed conflict and civil or military unrest; |
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changes in trade protection laws, policies and measures, and other regulatory requirements affecting trade and investment; |
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regulatory requirements and prohibitions that differ between jurisdictions; |
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laws and business practices favoring local companies; |
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withholding tax obligations on license revenues that we may not be able to offset fully against our U.S. tax obligations, including the further risk that foreign tax authorities may re-characterize license fees or increase tax rates, which could result in increased tax withholdings and penalties; |
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differing employment practices, labor issues and business and cultural factors; |
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less effective protection of intellectual property than is afforded to us in the U.S. or other developed countries; and |
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limited infrastructure and disruptions, such as large-scale outages or interruptions of service from utilities or telecommunications providers. |
Our intellectual property is also used in a large number of foreign countries. There are many countries in which we currently have no issued patents. In addition, effective intellectual property enforcement may be unavailable or limited in some foreign countries. It may be difficult for us to protect our intellectual property from misuse or infringement by other companies in these countries. We expect this to become a greater problem for us as our licensees increase their manufacturing and sales in countries which provide less protection for intellectual property. Our inability to enforce our intellectual property rights in some countries may harm our business, financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
Our business and operating results may be harmed if we are unable to manage growth in our business or if we undertake any restructuring activities or if we dispose of a business division or dispose of or discontinue any product lines.
We plan to continue the expansion of our operations, domestically and internationally, and may continue to do so through both internal growth and acquisitions. This expansion may strain our systems and management, operational and financial controls and resources. In addition, we are likely to incur higher operating costs. To manage our growth effectively, we must continue to improve and expand our management, systems and financial controls. We also need to continue to expand, train and manage our employee base. We cannot ensure that we will be able to timely and effectively meet demand and maintain the quality standards required by our existing and potential customers and licensees. If we are unable to effectively manage our growth or we are unsuccessful in recruiting and retaining personnel, our business and operating results will be harmed.
From time to time, we may undertake to restructure our business, including the disposition of a business division, or the disposition or discontinuance of a product line. For example, in April 2011, we announced that we are exploring a possible separation of our DigitalOptics business and, in August 2011, we announced closure of our development facility located in Yokohama, Japan. There are several factors that could cause a restructuring, a disposition or a discontinuance to have an adverse effect on our business, financial position, results of operations or cash flows. These include potential disruption of our operations and our information technology systems, the timing of development of our technology, the deliveries of products or services to our customers and other aspects of our business. In addition, such actions may increase the risk of claims or threats of lawsuits by our customers. In the case of a disposition of a product line, there may be a risk of not identifying
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a purchaser, or, if identified, the purchase price may be less than the net asset book value for the product line. Employee morale and productivity could also suffer and we may lose employees whom we want to keep. Any restructuring, disposition or discontinuance would require substantial management time and attention and may divert management from other important work. There are no assurances that the restructuring, disposal or discontinuance will reduce our operating expenses. We may also incur other significant liabilities and costs including employee severance costs, relocation expenses, and impairment of lease obligations and long-lived assets. Moreover, we could encounter delays in executing any restructuring plans, which could cause further disruption and additional unanticipated expense.
We may be unable to identify or complete a favorable transaction with respect to the DigitalOptics business.
Although as previously announced we are exploring a possible separation of our DigitalOptics business, we have not set a definitive timetable for completing our exploration of strategic alternatives for that business, and there can be no assurance that the process will result in the identification or selection of a transaction, that any transaction that is identified or selected will be completed, or that a completed transaction will be favorable to us and our stockholders. There are numerous hurdles to such a transaction, including the ongoing operating losses of the DigtialOptics business, which make it uncertain whether such business could be operated as a stand-alone company or would attract interest from any potential buyer.
Disputes regarding our intellectual property may require us to indemnify certain licensees, the cost of which could adversely affect our business operations and financial condition.
While we generally do not indemnify our licensees, some of our license agreements in our DigitalOptics business provide limited indemnities for certain actions brought by third parties against our licensees, and some require us to provide technical support and information to a licensee that is involved in litigation for using our technology. We expect to agree to provide similar indemnity or support obligations to future licensees. Our indemnity and support obligations could result in substantial expenses. In addition to the time and expense required for us to indemnify or supply such support to our licensees, a licensees development, marketing and sales of licensed imaging and optics products could be severely disrupted or shut down as a result of litigation, which in turn could have a material adverse affect on our business operations, consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
We could experience losses due to product liability claims which could result in substantial costs to us.
We sell products and provide services that may subject us to product liability claims in the future. Although we carry liability insurance in amounts that we believe are appropriate, product liability claims can be costly and any future product liability claim made against us may exceed the coverage limits of our insurance policies, be excluded from coverage under the terms of our policies or cause us to record a self-insured loss. A product liability claim in excess of our insurance policies could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Even if a product liability loss is covered by our insurance policies, such policies contain substantial retentions and deductibles that we would be required to pay. Our existing insurance may not be renewed at a cost and level of coverage comparable to that presently in effect, or at all. The payment of retentions or deductibles for a significant amount of claims could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position, results of operations or cash flow.
If we lose any of our key personnel or are unable to attract, train and retain qualified personnel, we may not be able to execute our business strategy effectively.
Our success depends, in large part, on the continued contributions of our key management, engineering, sales and marketing, legal and finance personnel, many of whom are highly skilled and would be difficult to replace. None of our senior management, key technical personnel or key sales personnel are bound by written employment contracts to remain with us for a specified period. In addition, we do not currently maintain key
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person life insurance covering our key personnel. The loss of any of our senior management or other key personnel could harm our ability to implement our business strategy and respond to the rapidly changing market conditions in which we operate. Moreover, some of the individuals on our management team have been in their current positions for a relatively short period of time. Our future success will depend to a significant extent on the ability of our management team to work together effectively.
Our success also depends on our ability to attract, train and retain highly skilled managerial, engineering, sales, marketing, legal and finance personnel and on the abilities of new personnel to function effectively, both individually and as a group. Competition for qualified senior employees can be intense. For example, we have experienced, and we expect to continue to experience, difficulty in hiring and retaining highly skilled engineers with appropriate qualifications to support our growth and expansion. Further, we must train our new personnel, especially our technical support personnel, to respond to and support our licensees and customers. If we fail to do this, it could lead to dissatisfaction among our licensees or customers, which could slow our growth or result in a loss of business.
Changes to our enterprise resource planning and other key software applications could cause unexpected problems to occur and disrupt the management of our business.
As our business grows and becomes more complex, it may become necessary to expand and upgrade our enterprise resource planning system (ERP), and other management information systems which are critical to the operational, accounting and financial functions of our company. Significant management attention and resources would be used and extensive planning would be required to support effective implementation of a new ERP and other such systems. In addition, such implementation may carry certain risks, including the risk of significant design errors, and unexpected difficulties may arise that could materially and adversely affect the accuracy and timely reporting of our operating results and impact our ability to manage our business.
Our business operations could suffer in the event of information technology systems failures or security breaches.
Despite system redundancy and the implementation of security measures within our internal and external information technology and networking systems, our information technology systems may be subject to security breaches, damages from computer viruses, natural disasters, terrorism, and telecommunication failures. Any system failure or security breach could cause interruptions in our operations in addition to the possibility of losing proprietary information and trade secrets. To the extent that any disruption or security breach results in inappropriate disclosure of our confidential information, we may incur liability or additional costs to remedy the damages caused by these disruptions or security breaches.
Decreased effectiveness of share-based compensation could adversely affect our ability to attract and retain employees.
We have historically used stock options and other forms of stock-based compensation as key components of our employee compensation program in order to align employees interests with the interests of our stockholders, encourage employee retention and provide competitive compensation and benefit packages. Since the adoption of the authoritative guidance on share-based payment, we have recorded increased compensation costs associated with our stock-based compensation programs. Difficulties relating to obtaining stockholder approval of equity compensation plans or changes to the plans could make it harder or more expensive for us to grant stock-based compensation to employees in the future. As a result, we may find it difficult to attract, retain and motivate employees, and any such difficulty could materially adversely affect our business.
Failure to comply with environmental regulations could harm our business.
We use hazardous substances in the manufacturing and testing of prototype products and in the development of our technologies in our research and development laboratories. We are subject to a variety of local, state,
21
federal and foreign governmental regulations relating to the storage, discharge, handling, emission, generation, manufacture and disposal of toxic or other hazardous substances. Our past, present or future failure to comply with environmental regulations could result in the imposition of substantial fines on us, suspension of production, and alteration of our manufacturing processes or cessation of operations. Compliance with such regulations could require us to acquire expensive remediation equipment or to incur other substantial expenses. Any failure by us to control the use, disposal, removal or storage of, or to adequately restrict the discharge of, or assist in the cleanup of, hazardous or toxic substances, could subject us to significant liabilities, including joint and several liabilities under certain statutes. The imposition of such liabilities could significantly harm our business, financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
We have business operations located globally in places that are subject to natural disasters.
Our business operations depend on our ability to maintain and protect our facilities, computer systems and personnel. Our locations may be subject to earthquakes, hurricanes and other natural disasters. Should a hurricane, earthquake or other catastrophe, such a fire, flood, tsunami, power loss, communication failure or similar event disable our facilities, we do not have readily available alternative facilities from which we could conduct our business.
Some of our offices are located in states or countries where the local governments may be in financial crisis which may interrupt our business operations and adversely impact our results of operations.
We operate our business in many jurisdictions worldwide. Our corporate headquarters are located in the state of California which is facing significant budgetary challenges and large operating deficits. As a result, the state has stopped certain improvement projects and disrupted certain services to its residents, and the new Governor has proposed significant spending cuts and revenue increases to cover the funding shortfall. Our results of operations could be adversely impacted if the state proposes additional taxation or other measures to increase its revenue through tax levies on corporations like us or on its residents, including some of our employees. In addition, we have operations in various countries, including Ireland and Romania, which may be facing financial distress. For example, the government of Ireland has announced an austerity budget and agreed to a borrowing package from the International Monetary Fund and the European Union in an attempt to cut its budget deficit. If the governments of the states or countries where we have business operations cannot provide public services, impose additional tax regulations or levies, or increase their tax examination activities, our business operations may be interrupted and our results of operations may be adversely impacted.
We have made and may continue to make or to pursue acquisitions which could divert managements attention, cause ownership dilution to our stockholders, or be difficult to integrate, which may adversely affect our financial results.
We have made several acquisitions, and it is our current plan to continue to acquire companies, patent portfolios and technologies that we believe are strategic to our future business. Investigating businesses, patent portfolios or technologies and integrating newly acquired businesses, patent portfolios or technologies could put a strain on our resources, could be costly and time consuming, and might not be successful. Such activities divert our managements attention from other business concerns. In addition, we might lose key employees while integrating new organizations. Acquisitions could also result in customer dissatisfaction, performance problems with an acquired company or technology, potentially dilutive issuances of equity securities or the incurrence of debt, the assumption or incurrence of contingent liabilities, impairment charges related to goodwill and possible impairment charges related to other intangible assets or other unanticipated events or circumstances, any of which could harm our business.
Our plans to integrate and expand upon research and development programs and technologies initiated at each of our operating locations, including image sensor packaging, wafer-level optics and camera technology from our operation in Charlotte, North Carolina, image enhancement technology for digital auto-focus and zoom from our operation in Tel Aviv, Israel, MEMS-based Auto-focus and Auto-focus + Shutter solutions from our operation in Arcadia, California, and in-camera image capture for digital photos from our operations in Galway,
22
Ireland, and system integration from our operation in San Jose, California, may result in products or technologies that are not adopted by the market. The market may adopt competitive solutions to our products or technologies. Consequently, we might not be successful in integrating any acquired businesses, products or technologies, and might not achieve anticipated revenues and cost benefits.
There are numerous risks associated with our acquisitions of businesses, technologies and patents.
We have made a number of acquisitions of businesses, technologies and patents in the recent years. These acquisitions are subject to a number of risks, including but not limited to the following:
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These acquisitions could fail to produce anticipated benefits, or could have other adverse effects that we currently do not foresee. As a result, these acquisitions could result in a reduction of net income per share as compared to the net income per share we would have achieved if these acquisitions had not occurred. |
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The purchase price for each acquisition is determined based on significant judgment on factors such as projected value, quality and availability of the business, technology or patent. In addition, if other companies have similar interests in the same business, technology or patent, our ability to negotiate these acquisitions at favorable terms may be limited and the purchase price may be artificially inflated. |
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Following completion of these acquisitions, we may uncover additional liabilities, patent validity, infringement or enforcement issues or unforeseen expenses not discovered during our diligence process. Any such additional liabilities, patent validity, infringement or enforcement issues or expenses could result in significant unanticipated costs not originally estimated, such as impairment charges of acquired assets and goodwill, and may harm our financial results. For example, during 2011 we recorded an impairment of goodwill of $49.7 million, mainly due to a significant decline in our market capitalization for an extended period of time. |
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The integration of technologies, patent portfolios and personnel, if any, will be a time consuming and expensive process that may disrupt our operations if it is not completed in a timely and efficient manner. If our integration efforts are not successful, our results of operations could be harmed, employee morale could decline, key employees could leave, and customer relations could be damaged. In addition, we may not achieve anticipated synergies or other benefits from any of these acquisitions. |
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We have incurred substantial direct transaction costs as a result of these acquisitions and anticipate incurring substantial additional costs to support the integration of these businesses and technologies. The total cost of the integration may exceed our expectations. |
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Sales by the acquired businesses may be subject to different accounting treatment than our existing businesses, especially related to the recognition of revenues. This may lead to potential deferral of revenues due to new multiple-element revenue arrangements. |
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There is a significant time lag between acquiring a patent portfolio and recognizing revenue from those patent assets. During that time lag, material costs are likely to be incurred in preparing licensing and/or litigation campaigns that would have a negative effect on our results of operations, cash flows and financial position. |
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We are required to estimate and record fair values of contingent assets, liabilities, deferred tax assets and liabilities at the time of an acquisition. Even though these estimates are based on managements best effort, the actual results may differ. Under the current accounting guidance, differences between actual results and managements estimate could cause our operating results to fluctuate or could adversely affect our results of operations. |
If our amortizable intangible assets (such as acquired patents) or equity investments become impaired, we may be required to record a significant charge to earnings.
In addition to internal development, we intend to broaden our intellectual property portfolio through strategic relationships and acquisitions. We believe this will enhance the competitiveness and size of our current
23
businesses and diversify into markets and technologies that complement our current businesses. These acquisitions could be in the form of asset purchases, equity investments, or business combinations. As a result, we may have intangible assets which are amortized over their estimated useful lives, equity investments, in-process research and development, and goodwill. Under U.S. GAAP, we are required to periodically review our goodwill, amortizable intangible assets, such as patent portfolio, and equity investments for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable. Factors that may be considered a change in circumstances indicating that the carrying value of our goodwill, amortizable intangible assets or equity investments may not be recoverable include a decline in future cash flows, fluctuations in market capitalization, slower growth rates in our industry or slower than anticipated adoption of our products by our customers. In 2011, we recorded an impairment of goodwill of $49.7 million due to a significant decline in our market capitalization for an extended period of time. As we continue to review for factors that may affect our business which may not be in our control, we may be required to record a significant charge to earnings in our financial statements during the period in which any impairment of our amortizable intangible assets or equity investments is determined, resulting in an adverse impact on our business, financial position or results of operations.
Compliance with changing regulation of corporate governance and public disclosure may result in additional expenses.
Changing laws, regulations and standards relating to corporate governance and public disclosure, new SEC regulations and the NASDAQ Stock Market rules, have created uncertainty for companies. These laws, regulations and standards are often subject to varying interpretations. As a result, their application in practice may evolve as new guidance is provided by regulatory and governing bodies, which could result in higher costs necessitated by ongoing revisions to disclosure and governance practices. As a result of our efforts to comply with evolving laws, regulations and standards, we have increased and may continue to increase general and administrative expenses and diversion of management time and attention from revenue-generating activities to compliance activities.
Provisions of our certificate of incorporation and bylaws or Delaware law might delay or prevent a change of control transaction and depress the market price of our stock.
Various provisions of our certificate of incorporation and bylaws might have the effect of making it more difficult for a third party to acquire, or discouraging a third party from attempting to acquire, control of our company. These provisions could limit the price that certain investors might be willing to pay in the future for shares of our common stock. Certain of these provisions eliminate cumulative voting in the election of directors, authorize the board to issue blank check preferred stock, prohibit stockholder action by written consent, eliminate the right of stockholders to call special meetings, limit the ability of stockholders to remove directors, and establish advance notice procedures for director nominations by stockholders and the submission of other proposals for consideration at stockholder meetings. We are also subject to provisions of Delaware law which could delay or make more difficult a merger, tender offer or proxy contest involving our company. In particular, Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law prohibits a Delaware corporation from engaging in any business combination with any interested stockholder for a period of three years unless specific conditions are met. Any of these provisions could have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control, including without limitation, discouraging a proxy contest or making more difficult the acquisition of a substantial block of our common stock.
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| Item 1B. | Unresolved Staff Comments |
Not applicable.
| Item 2. | Properties |
Our principal corporate administrative, sales, marketing and research and development facilities are located in San Jose, California, and are held under an operating lease. We own a research and development and manufacturing facility in Charlotte, North Carolina. We also have marketing support and research and development facilities in Arcadia, California, China, Israel, Ireland, Romania and Taiwan that are held under operating leases. Our DigitalOptics reporting segment utilizes all these facilities and our Intellectual Property reporting segment utilizes our facilities located in San Jose, California. We believe our existing facilities are suitable and adequate for our current needs.
| Item 3. | Legal Proceedings |
The information in Note 14 Commitments and Contingencies of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements under the subheading Contingencies is incorporated by reference.
| Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures |
Not applicable.
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| Item 5. | Market for Registrants Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities |
Our common stock is traded publicly on The NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol TSRA. The price range per share is the highest and lowest bid prices, as reported by The NASDAQ Global Select Market, on any trading day during the respective quarter.
| High | Low | |||||||
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Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2011 |
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First Quarter (ended March 31, 2011) |
$ | 23.18 | $ | 15.84 | ||||
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Second Quarter (ended June 30, 2011) |
$ | 20.77 | $ | 15.55 | ||||
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Third Quarter (ended September 30, 2011) |
$ | 17.72 | $ | 11.83 | ||||
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Fourth Quarter (ended December 31, 2011) |
$ | 18.41 | $ | 11.13 | ||||
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Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2010 |
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First Quarter (ended March 31, 2010) |
$ | 24.29 | $ | 16.27 | ||||
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Second Quarter (ended June 30, 2010) |
$ | 23.14 | $ | 16.00 | ||||
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Third Quarter (ended September 30, 2010) |
$ | 18.88 | $ | 14.96 | ||||
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Fourth Quarter (ended December 31, 2010) |
$ | 22.50 | $ | 17.92 | ||||
As of January 31, 2012 there were outstanding 51,768,249 shares of common stock held by 34 stockholders of record. We have not paid cash dividends on our common stock since our inception and we do not anticipate paying any in the foreseeable future.
On August 24, 2007, we announced a plan authorized by our Board of Directors to purchase up to $100 million of our common stock in the open market or through private transactions. No purchases were made during the years ended December 31, 2011 or 2010 under this plan. No expiration date has been specified for this plan. For the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, we repurchased a total of 630,000 shares and 15,000 shares, respectively, or, a total of 645,000 shares of common stock at an average price of $16.26 per share for a total cost of $10.5 million under the terms of the repurchase program. As of December 31, 2011, the total amount available for repurchase was $89.5 million. We may continue to execute authorized repurchases from time to time under the plan.
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PERFORMANCE GRAPH
The following graphic representation shows a comparison of total stockholder return for holders of our common stock, the NASDAQ Composite Index and the Philadelphia Stock Exchange Semiconductor Index from December 31, 2006 through December 31, 2011. The graph and table assume that $100 was invested on December 31, 2006 in each of our common stock, the NASDAQ Composite Index and the Philadelphia Stock Exchange Semiconductor Index, and that all dividends were reinvested. This graphic comparison is presented pursuant to the rules of the SEC.
| 12/06 | 12/07 | 12/08 | 12/09 | 12/10 | 12/11 | |||||||||||||||||||
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Tessera Technologies, Inc. |
$ | 100.00 | $ | 103.13 | $ | 29.45 | $ | 57.68 | $ | 54.91 | $ | 41.52 | ||||||||||||
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NASDAQ Composite |
$ | 100.00 | $ | 110.65 | $ | 66.42 | $ | 96.54 | $ | 114.06 | $ | 113.16 | ||||||||||||
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PHLX Semiconductor |
$ | 100.00 | $ | 87.99 | $ | 46.47 | $ | 80.16 | $ | 92.93 | $ | 83.31 | ||||||||||||
This section is not soliciting material, is not deemed filed with the SEC and is not incorporated by reference in any filing of the Company under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (Exchange Act), whether made before or after the date hereof and irrespective of any general incorporation language in any such filing.
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| Item 6. | Selected Financial Data |
You should read the following selected consolidated financial data in conjunction with Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and our consolidated financial statements and the related notes appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report.
| Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | ||||||||||||||||
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Consolidated statements of operations data |
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Revenues: |
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Royalty and license fees |
$ | 237,201 | $ | 279,623 | $ | 286,207 | $ | 220,252 | $ | 161,045 | ||||||||||
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Past production payments (1) |
| | | 170 | | |||||||||||||||
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Product and service revenues |
17,375 | 21,770 | 13,233 | 27,869 | 34,643 | |||||||||||||||
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Total revenues |
254,576 | 301,393 | 299,440 | 248,291 | 195,688 | |||||||||||||||
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Operating expenses: |
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Cost of revenues |
23,493 | 21,777 | 16,971 | 16,746 | 17,708 | |||||||||||||||
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Research, development and other related costs |
75,976 | 74,098 | 65,888 | 61,599 | 37,526 | |||||||||||||||
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Selling, general and administrative |
83,378 | 79,300 | 72,808 | 69,539 | 51,988 | |||||||||||||||
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Litigation expenses |
29,354 | 21,892 | 26,131 | 84,308 | 22,326 | |||||||||||||||
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Impairment of long-lived asset |
(569 | ) | 3,505 | | | | ||||||||||||||
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Restructuring and other charges |
5,249 | | | | | |||||||||||||||
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Impairment of goodwill |
49,653 | | | | | |||||||||||||||
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Total operating expenses |
266,534 | 200,572 | 181,798 | 232,192 | 129,548 | |||||||||||||||
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Operating income (loss) |
(11,958 | ) | 100,821 | 117,642 | 16,099 | 66,140 | ||||||||||||||
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Interest and other income, net |
2,643 | 2,604 | 5,519 | 3,087 | 11,941 | |||||||||||||||
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Income (loss) before taxes |
(9,315 | ) | 103,425 | 123,161 | 19,186 | 78,081 | ||||||||||||||
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Provision for income taxes |
9,985 | 46,079 | 53,365 | 14,544 | 32,943 | |||||||||||||||
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Net income (loss) |
$ | (19,300 | ) | $ | 57,346 | $ | 69,796 | $ | 4,642 | $ | 45,138 | |||||||||
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Net income (loss) per common share-basic (2) |
$ | (0.38 | ) | $ | 1.15 | $ | 1.43 | $ | 0.10 | $ | 0.95 | |||||||||
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Net income (loss) per common share-diluted (2) |
$ | (0.38 | ) | $ | 1.14 | $ | 1.42 | $ | 0.10 | $ | 0.93 | |||||||||
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Weighted average number of shares used in per share calculation-basic (2) |
51,082 | 50,070 | 48,826 | 47,963 | 47,566 | |||||||||||||||
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Weighted average number of shares used in per share calculation-diluted (2) |
51,082 | 50,450 | 49,265 | 48,358 | 48,637 | |||||||||||||||
| December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | ||||||||||||||||
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Consolidated balance sheets data: |
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Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments |
$ | 492,445 | $ | 475,005 | $ | 387,958 | $ | 276,500 | $ | 289,724 | ||||||||||
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Working capital |
481,427 | 468,912 | 379,559 | 261,301 | 295,475 | |||||||||||||||
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Total assets |
716,526 | 711,854 | 616,318 | 501,589 | 444,436 | |||||||||||||||
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Long-term liabilities |
5,017 | 10,503 | 11,431 | 12,599 | 7,747 | |||||||||||||||
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Total stockholders equity |
670,679 | 664,583 | 572,185 | 446,904 | 418,324 | |||||||||||||||
| (1) | Past production payments consist of royalty payments for the use of our technology or intellectual property in the past by new licensees that make such payments as part of a settlement of a patent infringement dispute. |
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| (2) | See Note 8 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for an explanation of the methods used to determine the number of shares used to compute per share amounts. |
| Item 7. | Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |
The following discussion (presented in thousands, except for percentages) should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto.
Business Overview
Tessera Technologies, Inc. is a holding company with operating subsidiaries in two segments: Intellectual Property (formerly Micro-electronics) and DigitalOptics (formerly Imaging and Optics).
Our Intellectual Property business, comprised of engineering, licensing, account administration and litigation teams, generates revenue from patented innovations through license agreements with semiconductor companies and outsourced semiconductor assembly and test companies.
Our DigitalOptics business delivers innovation in imaging and optics with products and capabilities that enable expanded functionality in increasingly smaller devices. DigitalOptics miniaturized
camera module solutions provide cost-effective, high-quality camera features, including MEMS-based auto-focus, extended depth of field, zoom, image enhancement and optical image stabilization. These technologies can be applied to mobile phones and
Results of Operations
Acquisitions
We have grown our business partly through acquisitions. On May 5, 2010, we completed the acquisition of Siimpel Corporation (Siimpel), a developer and manufacturer of MEMS-based camera solutions for mobile imaging applications for $15.0 million. Siimpels MEMS Auto-focus and MEMS Auto-focus + Shutter solutions complement our image enhancement solutions and enable us to offer a wider range of high-value IP-based imaging and optics solutions. In 2011 and 2010, we incurred $12.0 million and $6.5 million, respectively, of operating expenses for Siimpel. The impact of the acquisition on our financial results has been included in the following discussion.
Revenues
Our revenues are generated from royalty and license fees, past production payments, and product and service revenues. Royalty and license fees include revenues from license fees and royalty payments generated from licensing the right to use our technologies or intellectual property. Licensees generally report shipment information 30 to 60 days after the end of the quarter in which such activity takes place. Since there is no reliable basis on which we can estimate our royalty revenues prior to obtaining these reports from the licensees, we recognize royalty revenues on a one quarter lag. The timing of revenue recognition and the amount of revenue actually recognized for each type of revenues depends upon a variety of factors, including the specific terms of each arrangement, our ability to derive fair value of the element and the nature of our deliverables and obligations. In addition, our royalty revenues will fluctuate based on a number of factors such as: (a) the timing of receipt of royalty reports; (b) the rate of adoption and incorporation of our technology by licensees; (c) the demand for products incorporating semiconductors that use our licensed technology; (d) the cyclicality of supply and demand for products using our licensed technology; and (e) the impact of economic downturns.
In 2005, we provided two major DRAM manufacturers with volume based pricing adjustments. The effect of the volume pricing adjustments has caused our aggregate annual DRAM royalty revenues to grow less rapidly than annual growth in overall unit shipments in the DRAM segment. An additional effect has been
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quarter-to-quarter fluctuations in growth in our revenues from the DRAM segment, depending on the relative DRAM market share enjoyed by these two DRAM manufacturers in a given calendar quarter and their royalty payments within a calendar year.
We are in litigation with PTI, a material customer. See under the subheading Contingencies in Note 14 Commitments and Contingencies of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Any election by PTI to cease payments would have a substantial adverse impact on our royalty revenue in the near term.
In the past, we have engaged in litigation and arbitration proceedings to directly or indirectly enforce our intellectual property rights and the terms of our license agreements, including proceedings to ensure proper and full payment of royalties by our current licensees and by third parties whose products incorporate our intellectual property rights. We believe that similar future proceedings may result in fluctuations in our revenue and expenses.
The following table presents our historical operating results for the periods indicated as a percentage of revenues:
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Years Ended
December 31, |
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| 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | ||||||||||
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Revenues: |
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Royalty and license fees |
93 | % | 93 | % | 96 | % | ||||||
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Product and service revenues |
7 | 7 | 4 | |||||||||
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Total Revenues |
100 | 100 | 100 | |||||||||
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Operating expenses: |
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Cost of revenues |
9 | 7 | 6 | |||||||||
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Research and development and other related costs |
30 | 25 | 22 | |||||||||
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Selling, general and administrative |
33 | 26 | 24 | |||||||||
|
Litigation expense |
12 | 7 | 9 | |||||||||
|
Impairment of long-lived assets |
(1 | ) | 1 | | ||||||||
|
Restructuring and other charges |
2 | | | |||||||||
|
Impairment of goodwill |
20 | | | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
Total operating expenses |
105 | 66 | 61 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
Operating income (loss) |
(5 | ) | 34 | 39 | ||||||||
|
Other income and expense, net |
1 | 1 | 2 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
Income (loss) before taxes |
(4 | ) | 35 | 41 | ||||||||
|
Provision for income taxes |
4 | 16 | 18 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
Net income (loss) |
(8 | )% | 19 | % | 23 | % | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Fiscal Year 2011 and 2010
The following table sets forth our revenues by type (in thousands, except for percentages):
| Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2011 | 2010 | (Decrease) | Change | |||||||||||||||||||||
|
Royalty and license fees |
$ | 237,201 | 93 | % | $ | 279,623 | 93 | % | $ | (42,422 | ) | (15 | )% | |||||||||||
|
Product and service revenues |
17,375 | 7 | 21,770 | 7 | (4,395 | ) | (20 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
|
Total revenues |
$ | 254,576 | 100 | % | $ | 301,393 | 100 | % | $ | (46,817 | ) | (16 | )% | |||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
30
Revenues. In January 2011, we announced that five licensees or former licensees were in breach of contract or did not renew their license agreements. The impact was a decrease in revenue of approximately $35.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2011 as compared to the same period in 2010. Revenues for the year ended December 31, 2011 were $254.6 million, compared to $301.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2010, a decrease of $46.8 million, or 16%. The overall decrease in revenues in the year ended December 31, 2011 as compared to the same period in 2010 was primarily due to the impact of the aforementioned $35.4 million, a non-recurring $15.0 million payment for past royalties litigation settlement with United Test Assembly Center Ltd. (UTAC) recorded in the year ended December 31, 2010, and lower lithography sales in our Micro-optics products of $4.7 million, offset by higher royalty revenues from optical image enhancement and embedded image enhancement technologies of $7.8 million.
Cost of Revenues . Cost of revenues primarily consists of direct compensation, materials, amortization of intangible assets related to acquired technologies, fees related to the renewal of our license agreements, supplies and depreciation expense. Amortization of certain acquired intangible assets and depreciation expense of property and equipment are generally classified as a component of cost of revenues from research, development and other related costs when an in-process development project reaches commercialization. Excluding amortization of acquired intangible assets and fees related to the renewal of our license agreements, cost of revenues relates primarily to product and service revenues. For each associated period, cost of revenues as a percentage of total revenues varies based on the rate of adoption of our technologies, the product and service revenues component of total revenues, the mix of product sales to semiconductor, optics and communications industries and the timing of property and equipment being placed in service.
Cost of revenues for the year ended December 31, 2011 was $23.5 million, as compared to $21.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2010, an increase of $1.7 million, or 8%. The increase was primarily attributable to the increase in personnel related expenses and fees related to the renewal of our license agreements, offset by a decrease in materials and stock-based compensation expense.
Research, Development and Other Related Costs . Research, development and other related costs consist primarily of compensation and related costs for personnel, as well as costs related to patent prosecution, applications and examinations, amortization of intangible assets, materials, supplies and equipment depreciation. Research and development is conducted primarily in-house and targets development of chip-scale, circuitry design, 3D architecture, high-density substrate, thermal management technology, image enhancement technology, including MEMS-based products, and micro-optic lens solutions such as diffractive and refractive optical elements to integrated micro-optical subassemblies. All research, development and other related costs are expensed as incurred.
Research, development and other related costs for the year ended December 31, 2011 were $76.0 million, as compared to $74.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2010, an increase of $1.9 million, or 3%. The increase was primarily due to $5.2 million of increased expenses incurred by Siimpel, acquired in May 2010, and an increase in patent prosecution, application and examination expenses of $3.0 million, outside service costs of $0.9 million, and amortization of intangible assets of $0.8 million, offset by decreases in stock-based compensation expense of $2.7 million, personnel related expenses of $2.0 million, depreciation expense of $1.6 million and material costs of $1.4 million.
We believe that a significant level of research and development expenses will be required for us to remain competitive in the future.
Selling, General and Administrative. Selling expenses consist primarily of compensation and related costs for sales and marketing personnel, marketing programs, public relations, promotional materials, travel, trade show expenses, and stock-based compensation expense. General and administrative expenses consist primarily of compensation and related costs for general management, information technology, finance and accounting personnel, legal expenses, facilities costs, stock-based compensation expense, and professional services. Our general and administrative expenses, other than facilities related expenses, are not allocated to other expense line items.
31
Selling, general and administrative (SG&A) expenses for the year ended December 31, 2011 were $83.4 million, as compared to $79.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2010, an increase of $4.1 million, or 5%. The increase was primarily attributable to the inclusion of $0.3 million of increased expenses in 2011 incurred by Siimpel, acquired in May 2010, and increases in amortization of intangible assets of $1.7 million, personnel related expenses of $1.3 million, office equipment and software of $0.5 million and stock-based compensation expense of $0.4 million.
Litigation Expense. Litigation expense for the year ended December 31, 2011 was $29.4 million, as compared to $21.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2010, an increase of $7.5 million, or 34%. The increase was primarily attributable to an increase in activities in our arbitration with Amkor Technology, Inc. Refer to Note 14 Commitments and Contingencies of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional details.
We expect that litigation expense will continue to be a material portion of our operating expenses in future periods, and may fluctuate significantly in some periods, because of our ongoing litigation, as described Note 14 Commitments and Contingencies of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, and because of litigation initiated from time to time in the future in order to enforce and protect our intellectual property and contract rights.
Upon expiration of the current terms of our DRAM customers licenses, if those licenses are not renewed, litigation may become a necessary element of a campaign to secure payment of reasonable royalties for the use of our patented technology. Were we to initiate such litigation, our future litigation expenses would increase.
Impairment of long-lived assets. In 2010, in connection with the cessation of development activity of wafer-level optics technology, we concluded that certain equipment would be disposed of by sale. As a result, we recognized an impairment charge of $3.5 million, which represents the excess of the net carrying value of the equipment over the fair value less cost to sell. These assets were classified as assets-held-for-sale as of December 31, 2010. As of December 31, 2011, certain assets were reclassified as held-for-use and the remaining assets were disposed of, resulting in a gain of $0.6 million.
Restructuring and Other Charges. In January 2011, we announced a reorganization of our DigitalOptics (formerly Imaging and Optics) segment to focus on key growth opportunities including EDoF, Zoom and MEMS-based auto-focus, and a reduction up to 15% of our worldwide employee base. In August 2011, we announced a commitment to undertake a workforce reduction at our Yokohama, Japan development facility and to close that facility in order to optimize our operations. Restructuring and other charges primarily consisted of severance, costs related to the continuation of employee benefits, expenses related to the closure of facilities, and other costs related to the closure of the leased facility in Japan that are not expected to be recurring. Restructuring and other charges were $5.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2011. No restructuring charges were incurred for the year ended December 31, 2010.
Impairment of Goodwill. In 2011, we recorded an impairment charge of goodwill of $49.7 million due primarily to the low market price of our common stock, which resulted in our market capitalization being significantly lower than the book value of equity for an extended period of time. There was no impairment of goodwill for the year ended December 31, 2010. Refer to Note 7 Goodwill and Identified Intangible Assets of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional details.
32
Stock-based Compensation Expense . The following table sets forth our stock-based compensation expense for the periods indicated (in thousands):
|
Years Ended
December 31, |
||||||||
| 2011 | 2010 | |||||||
|
Cost of revenues |
$ | 458 | $ | 579 | ||||
|
Research, development and other related costs |
8,233 | 10,937 | ||||||
|
Selling, general and administrative |
16,879 | 16,479 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Total stock-based compensation expense |
$ | 25,570 | $ | 27,995 | ||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
Stock-based compensation awards included employee stock options, restricted stock awards and units, and employee stock purchases. For the year ended December 31, 2011, stock-based compensation expense was $25.6 million, of which $16.5 million related to employee stock options, $7.0 million related to restricted stock awards and units and $2.1 million related to employee stock purchases. For the year ended December 31, 2010, stock-based compensation expense was $28.0 million, of which $14.6 million related to employee stock options, $11.0 million related to restricted stock awards and units and $2.4 million related to employee stock purchases. As of December 31, 2011, the amount of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense after estimated forfeitures related to unvested stock options was $21.3 million to be recognized over an estimated weighted average amortization period of 2.7 years and $13.9 million related to restricted stock awards and units, including performance-based awards and units, to be recognized over an estimated weighted average amortization period of 2.7 years.
Future stock-based compensation expense and unrecognized stock-based compensation expense will fluctuate due to changes in our assumptions used to determine the fair value, fluctuations in our stock price and additional stock awards being granted.
Other Income and Expense, Net. Other income and expense, net, was $2.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2011 and 2010. The flat result from the earlier period was primarily attributable to a slight decrease in interest income on a higher average balance of cash equivalents and investments as compared to the same period in 2010.
Provision for Income Taxes. The provision for income taxes for the year ended December 31, 2011 was $10.0 million and was comprised of domestic income tax, foreign income and withholding taxes as offset by a tax benefit of the impairment of tax-deductible goodwill. The provision for income taxes for the year ended December 31, 2010 was $46.1 million and was comprised of domestic income tax and foreign income and withholding taxes. The decreases in the income tax provision for the year ended December 31, 2011 as compared to the prior year period were largely attributable to the reduction in U.S. profits before tax, the benefit of the impairment of tax-deductible goodwill, a decrease in state taxes as a result in a change in tax law, and a reduction in losses in jurisdictions for which no benefit can be realized.
Fiscal Year 2010 and 2009
The following table sets forth our revenues by type (in thousands, except for percentages):
| Years Ended December 31, |
Increase/
(Decrease) |
Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2010 | 2009 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Royalty and license fees |
$ | 279,623 | 93 | % | $ | 286,207 | 96 | % | $ | (6,584 | ) | (2 | )% | |||||||||||
|
Product and service revenues |
21,770 | 7 | 13,233 | 4 | 8,537 | 65 | ||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
|
Total revenues |
$ | 301,393 | 100 | % | $ | 299,440 | 100 | % | $ | 1,953 | 1 | % | ||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
33
Revenues. Revenues for the year ended December 31, 2010 were $301.4 million, compared to $299.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2009, an increase of $2.0 million, or 1%. Included in 2009 total revenues was $60.6 million awarded by an arbitration panel for Amkors material breach of its license agreement with Tessera, Inc. Excluding this award, revenues for the year ended December 31, 2010 were up $62.6 million, or 26%, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2009. The increase was due to royalties reported by our Intellectual Property segment, a $15.0 million payment for past royalties under the UTAC litigation settlement, and increased demand for our Micro-optics products in the photolithography industry.
Cost of Revenues . Cost of revenues for the year ended December 31, 2010 was $21.8 million, as compared to $17.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2009, an increase of $4.8 million, or 28%. The increase was primarily attributable to the increase in production expenses related to increased Micro-optics sales, such as personnel related expenses and material costs.
Research, Development and Other Related Costs . Research, development and other related costs for the year ended December 31, 2010 were $74.1 million, as compared to $65.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2009, an increase of $8.2 million, or 12%. The increase was primarily due to $5.5 million of expenses incurred by Siimpel, acquired in May 2010, and increases in personnel related expenses of $3.7 million. Research and Development headcount increased from 274 at December 31, 2009 to 346 at December 31, 2010.
Selling, General and Administrative. Selling, general and administrative (SG&A) expenses for the year ended December 31, 2010 were $79.3 million, as compared to $72.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2009, an increase of $6.5 million, or 9%. The increase was primarily attributable to an increase in the inclusion of $1.0 million of expenses incurred by Siimpel, acquired in May 2010, amortization of acquired intangible assets of $2.4 million, personnel related expenses of $2.2 million, and materials and supplies of $1.5 million, offset by lower marketing expense of $0.8 million.
Litigation Expense. Litigation expense for the year ended December 31, 2010 was $21.9 million, as compared to $26.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2009, a decrease of $4.2 million, or 16%. The decrease was primarily attributable to a decrease in case activities in our legal proceedings related to the International Trade Commission and the UTAC litigation, as a settlement was reached with UTAC in early 2010, offset by antitrust proceedings against Hynix and arbitration with Amkor. Refer to Part I, Item 3 Legal Proceedings for additional details.
Impairment of long-lived assets. In 2010, in connection with the cessation of development activity of wafer-level optics technology, we concluded that certain equipment would be disposed of by sale. As a result, we recognized an impairment charge of $3.5 million, which represents the excess of the net carrying value of the equipment over the fair value less cost to sell. These assets were classified as assets-held-for-sale as of December 31, 2010.
Stock-based Compensation Expense . The following table sets forth our stock-based compensation expense for the periods indicated (in thousands):
|
Years Ended
December 31, |
||||||||
| 2010 | 2009 | |||||||
|
Cost of revenues |
$ | 579 | $ | 666 | ||||
|
Research, development and other related costs |
10,937 | 10,989 | ||||||
|
Selling, general and administrative |
16,479 | 16,268 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Total stock-based compensation expense |
$ | 27,995 | $ | 27,923 | ||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
34
Stock-based compensation awards included employee stock options, restricted stock awards and units, and employee stock purchases. For the year ended December 31, 2010, stock-based compensation expense was $28.0 million, of which $14.6 million related to employee stock options, $11.0 million related to restricted stock awards and units and $2.4 million related to employee stock purchases. For the year ended December 31, 2009, stock-based compensation expense was $27.9 million, of which $16.3 million related to employee stock options, $9.7 million related to restricted stock awards and units and $1.9 million related to employee stock purchases. As of December 31, 2010, the amount of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense after estimated forfeitures related to unvested stock options was $24.9 million to be recognized over an estimated weighted average amortization period of 2.3 years and $21.2 million related to restricted stock awards and units, including performance-based awards and units, to be recognized over an estimated weighted average amortization period of 3.0 years.
Other Income and Expense, Net. Other income and expense, net, for the year ended December 31, 2010 was $2.6 million, as compared to $5.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2009. The decrease is attributable to a non-recurring $3.5 million interest payment from Amkor, received in February 2009 as part of the $64.1 million awarded by an arbitration panel for Amkors breach of its license agreement, offset by a $1.8 million other-than-temporary write-down of our asset-backed securities in the same period in 2009 and a decrease in interest income on our investments as a result of lower prevailing interest rates as compared to the same period in 2009.
Provision for Income Taxes. Income tax provision for the year ended December 31, 2010 was $46.1 million and was comprised of domestic income tax and foreign income and withholding tax. For the year ended December 31, 2009, the income tax provision was $53.4 million and was comprised of domestic income tax and foreign income and withholding tax. The decrease in the income tax provision from the year ended December 31, 2009 is primarily attributable to the decrease in domestic pre-tax income for the period, offset by an increase in our state taxes attributable to the change in the value of our net deferred tax assets as a result of California state tax law changes.
Segment Operating Results
We have two reportable segments: Intellectual Property and DigitalOptics. In addition to these reportable segments, the Corporate Overhead division includes certain operating amounts that are not allocated to the reportable segments because these operating amounts are not considered in evaluating the operating performance of our business segments.
In 2011, we appointed a new President and Chief Executive Officer, who is also our Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM). In the same period, we appointed a new President of DigitalOptics Corporation and a new President of Tessera Intellectual Property Corp. At the end of 2011, we reorganized our reporting units to align with the vision of our CODM, such as the inclusion of development and product commercialization efforts related to our silent air cooling technology in the DigitalOptics segment instead of the Intellectual Property segment. Prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to current year presentation.
Our Intellectual Property segment is managed by Tessera Intellectual Property Corp., including managing the patent and license portfolios of our subsidiaries, Tessera, Inc. and Invensas Corporation (Invensas). Our Intellectual Property business, comprised of engineering, licensing, account administration and litigation teams, generates revenue from patented innovations through license agreements with semiconductor companies and outsourced semiconductor assembly and test companies. Tessera, Inc. pioneered chip-scale packaging solutions for the semiconductor industry. We are currently developing three-dimensional packaging solutions to address new opportunities in our semiconductor packaging. To support relicensing of key customers, Invensas creates custom portfolios of patents purchased from third parties.
35
DigitalOptics Corporation and its subsidiaries (DOC) operate our DigitalOptics business. DOC delivers innovation in imaging and optics with products and capabilities that enable expanded functionality in increasingly smaller devices. DOCs miniaturized camera module solutions provide cost-effective, high-quality camera features, including MEMS-based auto-focus, extended depth of field, zoom, image enhancement and optical image stabilization. These technologies can be applied to mobile phones and other consumer electronic products. This segment also offers customized micro-optic lenses from diffractive and refractive optical elements to integrated micro-optical subassemblies and will be offering silent air cooling products.
Our reportable segments were determined based upon the manner in which our management views and evaluates our operations. Segment information below and in Note 15 Segment and Geographic Information of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements is presented in accordance with the authoritative guidance on segment reporting.
The following table sets forth our segments revenues, operating expenses and operating income (loss) (in thousands):
|
Years Ended
December 31, |
||||||||||||
| 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | ||||||||||
|
Revenues: |
||||||||||||
|
Intellectual Property Segment: |
||||||||||||
|
Royalty and license fees |
$ | 213,412 | $ | 264,030 | $ | 269,675 | ||||||
|
Product and service revenues |
| | 48 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
Total Intellectual Property revenues |
213,412 | 264,030 | 269,723 | |||||||||
|
DigitalOptics Segment: |
||||||||||||
|
Royalty and license fees |
23,789 | 15,593 | 16,532 | |||||||||
|
Product and service revenues |
17,375 | 21,770 | 13,185 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
Total DigitalOptics revenues |
41,164 | 37,363 | 29,717 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
Total revenues |
254,576 | 301,393 | 299,440 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
Operating expenses: |
||||||||||||
|
Intellectual Property Segment |
81,493 | 57,301 | 60,607 | |||||||||
|
DigitalOptics Segment |
138,073 | 97,467 | 78,762 | |||||||||
|
Corporate Overhead |
46,968 | 45,804 | 42,429 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
Total operating expenses |
266,534 | 200,572 | 181,798 | |||||||||
|
Operating income (loss): |
||||||||||||
|
Intellectual Property Segment |
131,919 | 206,729 | 209,116 | |||||||||
|
DigitalOptics Segment |
(96,909 | ) | (60,104 | ) | (49,045 | ) | ||||||
|
Corporate Overhead |
(46,968 | ) | (45,804 | ) | (42,429 | ) | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
Total operating income (loss) |
$ | (11,958 | ) | $ | 100,821 | $ | 117,642 | |||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
The revenues and operating income (loss) amounts in this section have been presented on a basis consistent with GAAP applied at the segment level. Corporate Overhead expenses which have been excluded are primarily administration, human resources, legal, finance, information technology, corporate development, procurement activities, and insurance expenses. For the year ended December 31, 2011, corporate overhead expenses were $47.0 million compared to $45.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2010. The increase of $1.2 million from the year ended December 31, 2010 was mainly attributable to increases in personnel related expenses of $0.9 million and in outside services of $1.8 million, offset by decreased litigation expense of $1.5 million.
For the year ended December 31, 2010, corporate overhead expenses were $45.8 million compared to $42.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2009. The increase of $3.4 million from the year ended December 31, 2009 was mainly attributable to an increase of $1.0 million in litigation and legal expense, $0.8 million in stock-based compensation expense, $0.7 million in personnel related expenses and $0.5 million in depreciation expense.
36
Intellectual Property Segment
Fiscal Year 2011 and 2010
|
Years Ended
December 31, |
||||||||
| 2011 | 2010 | |||||||
|
Revenues: |
||||||||
|
Intellectual Property segment |
||||||||
|
Royalty and license fees |
$ | 213,412 | $ | 264,030 | ||||
|
Product and service revenues |
| | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Total Intellectual Property revenues |
213,412 | 264,030 | ||||||
|
Operating expenses: |
||||||||
|
Cost of revenues |
2,597 | 410 | ||||||
|
Research, development and other related costs |
28,752 | 23,958 | ||||||
|
Selling, general and administrative |
17,725 | 12,623 | ||||||
|
Litigation expense |
29,306 | 20,310 | ||||||
|
Restructuring and other charges |
3,113 | | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Total operating expenses |
81,493 | 57,301 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Total operating income |
$ | 131,919 | $ | 206,729 | ||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
In January 2011, we announced that five licensees or former licensees were in breach of contract or did not renew their license agreements. The impact was a decrease in revenue of approximately $35.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2011 as compared to the same period in 2010. Intellectual Property revenues for the year ended December 31, 2011 were $213.4 million as compared to $264.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2010, which represented a decrease of $50.6 million, or 19%. The overall decrease in revenues in the year ended December 31, 2011 as compared to the same period in 2010 was primarily due to the impact of the aforementioned $35.4 million, and a non-recurring $15.0 million litigation settlement with UTAC recorded in the year ended December 31, 2010.
Intellectual Property revenues consist primarily of royalties received from our licensees through license agreements with semiconductor companies and outsourced semiconductor assembly and test companies. In 2005, we provided two major DRAM manufacturers with volume pricing adjustments. The effect of the volume pricing adjustments caused our aggregate annual DRAM royalty revenues to grow less rapidly than annual growth in overall unit shipments in the DRAM end markets. These volume pricing adjustments caused quarter-to-quarter and year-to-year fluctuations in the growth in our revenues from the DRAM end markets. We have no other contracts that provide volume-based pricing adjustments.
In 2011, we announced workforce reductions and a closure of our Yokohama, Japan development facility pursuant to our ongoing efforts to optimize our operations. Restructuring and other charges primarily consisted of severance, costs related to the continuation of employee benefits and expenses related to the facility closure that are not expected to be recurring.
Operating expenses for the year ended December 31, 2011 were $81.5 million and consisted primarily of R&D of $28.8 million, SG&A of $17.7 million and $29.3 million in litigation expense. The increase of $24.2 million as compared to $57.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2010 was primarily attributable to increases in litigation expense of $9.0 million, restructuring and other charges related to the closure of the Yokohama, Japan development facility of $2.9 million, amortization of intangible asset expense of $2.9 million, personnel related expenses of $2.6 million, patent maintenance expenses of $2.6 million, outside services, including fees related to the renewal of our license agreements, of $2.5 million, stock-based compensation expense of $0.9 million and equipment and materials of $0.4 million.
37
We expect that litigation expense will continue to be a material portion of the Intellectual Property segments operating expenses in future periods, and may fluctuate significantly in some periods, because of our ongoing legal actions, as described in Note 14 Commitments and Contingencies of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, and because we will become involved in other litigation from time to time in the future in order to enforce and protect our intellectual property and contract rights.
Operating income for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010 was $131.9 million and $206.7 million, respectively, which
Fiscal Year 2010 and 2009
|
Years
Ended
December 31, |
||||||||
| 2010 | 2009 | |||||||
|
Revenues: |
||||||||
|
Intellectual Property |
||||||||
|
Royalty and license fees |
$ | 264,030 | $ | 269,675 | ||||
|
Product and service revenues |
| 48 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Total Intellectual Property revenues |
264,030 | 269,723 | ||||||
|
Operating expenses: |
||||||||
|
Cost of revenues |
410 | 403 | ||||||
|
Research, development and other related costs |
23,958 | 25,149 | ||||||
|
Selling, general and administrative |
12,623 | 8,924 | ||||||
|
Litigation expense |
20,310 | 26,131 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Total operating expenses |
57,301 | 60,607 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Total operating income |
$ | 206,729 | $ | 209,116 | ||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
Intellectual Property revenues for the year ended December 31, 2010 were $264.0 million as compared to $269.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2009, which represented a decrease of $5.7 million, or 2%. Included in 2009 total revenues was $60.6 million awarded by an arbitration panel for Amkors material breach of its license agreement with Tessera, Inc. Excluding this award, revenues for the year ended December 31, 2010 were up $54.9 million, or 26%, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2009. The increase was due to stronger royalties reported from our licensees and a $15.0 million payment under the UTAC litigation settlement.
Operating expenses for the year ended December 31, 2010 were $57.3 million and consisted primarily of R&D of $24.0 million, SG&A of $12.6 million and $20.3 million in litigation expense. The decrease of $3.3 million as compared to $60.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2009 was primarily attributable to a decrease in litigation expense of $5.8 million, stock-based compensation expense of $1.1 million and outside services of $1.1 million, offset by increases in amortization expense of $2.4 million, personnel related expenses of $1.4 million and legal expenses of $0.9 million.
Operating income for the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009 was $206.7 million and $209.1 million, respectively, which represented a decrease of $2.4 million, or 1%, for the reasons stated above.
38
DigitalOptics Segment
Fiscal Year 2011 and 2010
|
Years Ended
December 31, |
||||||||
| 2011 | 2010 | |||||||
|
Revenues: |
||||||||
|
DigitalOptics segment |
||||||||
|
Royalty and license fees |
$ | 23,789 | $ | 15,593 | ||||
|
Product and service revenues |
17,375 | 21,770 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Total DigitalOptics revenues |
41,164 | 37,363 | ||||||
|
Operating expenses: |
||||||||
|
Cost of revenues |
20,896 | 21,367 | ||||||
|
Research, development and other related costs |
47,224 | 50,140 | ||||||
|
Selling, general and administrative |
18,985 | 22,455 | ||||||
|
Impairment of long-lived assets |
(569 | ) | 3,505 | |||||
|
Restructuring and other charges |
1,884 | | ||||||
|
Impairment of goodwill |
49,653 | | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Total operating expenses |
138,073 | 97,467 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Total operating loss |
$ | (96,909 | ) | $ | (60,104 | ) | ||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
DigitalOptics revenues for the year ended December 31, 2011 were $41.2 million as compared to $37.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2010, an increase of $3.8 million, or 10%. The increase in DigitalOptics revenues was primarily attributable to higher royalty revenues from optical image enhancement and embedded image enhancement technologies of $7.8 million, offset by lower sales in our Micro-optics products of $4.7 million.
In January 2011, we announced a reorganization of our DigitalOptics segment to focus on key growth opportunities including EDoF, Zoom and MEMS-based auto-focus. We also announced a reduction of DigitalOptics employees up to 15% of our worldwide employee base. Restructuring and other charges primarily consisted of severance and costs related to the continuation of employee benefits that are not expected to be recurring.
We recorded an impairment charge of goodwill of $49.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2011, due primarily to the low market price of our common stock, which resulted in our market capitalization being significantly lower than the book value of equity for an extended period of time. Accordingly, the carrying value of goodwill was zero at December 31, 2011. For the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009, no impairment of goodwill was recorded.
Operating expenses for the year ended December 31, 2011 were $138.1 million and consisted of cost of revenues of $20.9 million, research, development and other related costs of $47.2 million, SG&A expenses of $19.0 million, restructuring and other charges of $1.3 million and impairment of goodwill of $49.7 million. Excluding impairment of goodwill, the decrease of $9.1 million, or 9%, in total operating expenses as compared to $97.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2010 consisted primarily of decreases in stock-based compensation expense of $3.5 million, personnel related expenses of $3.3 million, material costs of $1.9 million, depreciation and facility related expenses of $1.7 million, legal and consulting services of $1.1 million, as well as an impairment of long-lived assets of $3.5 million in 2010, offset by $5.5 million of increased expenses incurred by Siimpel, acquired in May 2010, and restructuring and other charges of $1.9 million.
Operating loss for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010 was $96.9 million and $60.1 million, respectively, which represented an increased loss of $36.8 million, or 61%, for the reasons stated above.
39
We have incurred significant operating losses from the DigitalOptics segment. If the
anticipated future results of the DigitalOptics segment do not materialize as expected, then the related intangible assets could be subject to an impairment charge in the future. See Note 3
Summary of Significant Accounting
Fiscal Year 2010 and 2009
|
Years
Ended
December 31, |
||||||||
| 2010 | 2009 | |||||||
|
Revenues: |
||||||||
|
DigitalOptics segment |
||||||||
|
Royalty and license fees |
$ | 15,593 | $ | 16,532 | ||||
|
Product and service revenues |
21,770 | 13,185 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Total DigitalOptics revenues |
37,363 | 29,717 | ||||||
|
Operating expenses: |
||||||||
|
Cost of revenues |
21,367 | 16,568 | ||||||
|
Research, development and other related costs |
50,140 | 40,739 | ||||||
|
Selling, general and administrative |
22,455 | 21,455 | ||||||
|
Impairment of long-lived assets |
3,505 | | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Total operating expenses |
97,467 | 78,762 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Total operating loss |
$ | (60,104 | ) | $ | (49,045 | ) | ||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
DigitalOptics revenues for the year ended December 31, 2010 were $37.4 million as compared to $29.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2009, an increase of $7.7 million, or 26%. The increases in DigitalOptics revenues were primarily attributable to increased demand for our Micro-optics products in the photolithography industry and increased royalties for our image enhancement technologies, offset by a decrease in licensing fees.
Operating expenses for the year ended December 31, 2010 were $97.5 million. The increase of $18.7 million in total operating expenses from the year ended December 31, 2009 of $78.8 million was primarily due to $6.5 million of expenses incurred by Siimpel, acquired in May 2010, an impairment charge of long-lived assets of $3.5 million as a result of the cessation of development activity of our wafer-level optics technology, and increases in personnel related expenses of $5.1 million, materials and supplies of $1.7 million, legal and outside services of $1.0 million and stock-based compensation expense of $0.4 million.
Operating loss for the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009 was $60.1 million and $49.0 million, respectively, which represented an increased loss of $11.1 million, or 23%, for the reasons stated above.
Net Operating Losses and Tax Credit Carryforwards
As of December 31, 2011, we had federal net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $7.6 million and state net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $129.1 million. All of the federal and state net operating loss carryforwards are carried over from the acquired entities, Digital Optics Corporation in 2006 and Siimpel Corporation in 2010. These operating loss carryforwards, if not utilized, will begin to expire on various dates beginning in 2014, and will continue to expire through 2026. In addition, we have research tax credit carryforwards of approximately $0.6 million for federal purposes, which will start to expire in 2013, and will continue to expire through 2024. We also have research tax credit carryforwards of approximately $0.5 million for state purposes and $0.7 million for foreign purposes, which do not expire. Under the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the Internal Revenue Code), substantial changes in the ownership of the Company may limit the amount of net operating loss carryforwards that can be utilized annually in the future to offset taxable income.
40
Tax Benefits from Stock Options
The benefits of tax deductions resulting from the exercise and disqualifying dispositions of stock options and vesting of restricted stock
reduced our income taxes payable for federal and state purposes. The tax benefits for the excess of these tax deductions over the related stock-based compensation expense recorded will be a credit to additional paid-in capital. Conversely,
cancellations of stock options and restricted stocks will result in a reversal of related deferred tax assets and a debit to additional paid-in capital. The net tax benefits (deficits) from our employee stock option plans totaled ($7.7) million,
Liquidity and Capital Resources
The following table presents cash, cash equivalents, short-term and long-term investments (in thousands, except for percentages):
| December 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | ||||||||||
|
Cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 55,758 | $ | 69,268 | $ | 107,873 | ||||||
|
Short-term investments |
436,687 | 405,737 | 280,085 | |||||||||
|
Long-term investments* |
| | 15,691 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
Total cash, cash equivalents, short-term and long-term investments |
$ | 492,445 | $ | 475,005 | $ | 403,649 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
Percentage of total assets |
68 | % | 67 | % | 65 | % | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
| * | Long-term investments were related to auction rate municipal bond securities, asset-backed and mortgage-backed securities, all of which were disposed of by December 31, 2010. |
The following table presents the cash inflows and outflows by activity (in thousands):
| Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | ||||||||||
|
Net cash provided by operating activities |
$ | 79,426 | $ | 106,146 | $ | 114,291 | ||||||
|
Net cash used in investing activities |
$ | (100,789 | ) | $ | (151,691 | ) | $ | (116,903 | ) | |||
|
Net cash provided by financing activities |
$ | 7,853 | $ | 6,940 | $ | 22,595 | ||||||
Cash generated from operations is our primary source of liquidity and capital resources. Our investment portfolio is also available for use in current operations, if required. Cash, cash equivalents and investments, the majority of which are held in the U.S., were $492.4 million at December 31, 2011, an increase of $17.4 million from $475.0 million at December 31, 2010. Cash and cash equivalents were $55.8 million at December 31, 2011, a decrease of $13.5 million from $69.3 million at December 31, 2010. The decrease in cash and cash equivalents was primarily the result of $100.8 million net cash used in investing activities offset by $79.4 million in cash provided by operating activities and $7.9 million in cash provided by financing activities.
Cash flows provided by operations were $79.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2011, primarily due to net loss of $19.3 million, adjusted for non-cash items of depreciation and amortization of $27.4 million, stock-based compensation expense of $25.6 million and impairment of goodwill of $49.7 million, offset by a net decrease in the changes in operating assets and liabilities of $2.0 million.
Cash flows provided by operations were $106.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2010, primarily due to net income of $57.3 million, adjusted for non-cash items of depreciation and amortization of $26.2 million, stock-based compensation expense of $28.0 million and impairment of long-lived assets of $3.5 million, offset by an increase in deferred income taxes of $4.8 million, and a net decrease in the changes in operating assets and liabilities of $3.7 million.
41
Cash flows provided by operations were $114.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2009, primarily due to net income of $69.8 million, adjusted for non-cash adjustments for depreciation and amortization of $21.6 million, stock-based compensation expense of $27.9 million and lease impairment of $0.5 million, offset by a net decrease in the changes in operating assets and liabilities of $5.4 million.
Net cash used in investing activities was $100.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2011, primarily related to purchases of short-term investments of $353.1 million, purchases of intangible assets of $66.7 million, and purchases of property and equipment of $5.9 million, offset by proceeds from maturities and sales of investments of $322.7 million and proceeds from the sale of assets of $2.2 million.
Net cash used in investing activities was $151.7 million in the year ended December 31, 2010, primarily related to purchases of short-term investments of $487.9 million, net consideration paid for the acquisition of Siimpel of $15.0 million, purchases of property and equipment of $9.8 million and purchases of intangible assets of $20.1 million, offset by proceeds from maturities and sales of investments of $379.4 million and proceeds from the sale of equipment of $1.7 million.
Net cash used in investing activities was $116.9 million in the year ended December 31, 2009, primarily related to purchases of short-term and long-term investments of $365.6 million, purchases of property and equipment of $15.3 million and net cash paid for acquisitions and intangible assets of $20.4 million, offset by proceeds from maturities and sales of short-term and long-term investments of $284.4 million.
The primary objectives of our investment activities are to preserve principal and to maintain liquidity while at the same time capturing a market rate of return. To achieve these objectives, we maintain a diversified portfolio of debt securities including municipal bonds and notes, corporate bonds and notes, commercial paper, treasury and agency notes and bills, certificates of deposit and money market funds. We invest excess cash predominantly in high-quality investment grade debt securities with less than two years to maturity. Our marketable securities are classified as available-for-sale and are reported at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses, net of tax, recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). The fair values for our securities are determined based on quoted market prices as of the valuation date and observable prices for similar assets. For the year ended December 31, 2011 and 2010, no impairment charges were recorded. For the year ended December 31, 2009, we recorded impairment charges that decreased pre-tax income by $1.8 million.
We evaluate our investments periodically for possible other-than-temporary impairment and review factors such as the length of time and extent to which fair value has been below cost basis, the financial condition of the issuer, our intent to hold and whether we will not be required to sell the security before its anticipated recovery, on a more likely than not basis. If declines in the fair value of the investments are determined to be other-than-temporary, we report the credit loss portion of such decline in other income and expense, net, and the remaining noncredit loss portion in accumulated other comprehensive income.
In August 2007, our Board of Directors authorized a plan to repurchase up to a maximum total of $100.0 million of our outstanding shares of common stock dependent on market conditions, share price and other factors. No expiration has been specified for this plan. Repurchases may take place in the open market or through private transactions. As of December 31, 2011, we have repurchased a total of 645,000 shares of common stock at a total cost of $10.5 million under this plan at an average price of $16.26. As of December 31, 2011, the total amount available for repurchase was $89.5 million. We may continue to execute authorized repurchases from time to time under the plan.
Net cash from financing activities was $7.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2011 due to the issuance of common stock under our employee stock option programs and employee stock purchase plans.
Net cash provided by financing activities was $6.9 million in the year ended December 31, 2010, due to the issuance of common stock upon the exercise of employee stock options and purchases of common stock under our employee stock purchase plans of $6.4 million and excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation expense of $0.5 million.
42
Net cash provided by financing activities was $22.6 million in the year ended December 31, 2009, due to the issuance of common stock upon the exercise of employee stock options and purchases of common stock under our employee stock purchase plans of $19.4 million and excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation expense of $3.2 million.
We believe that based on current levels of operations and anticipated growth, our cash from operations, together with cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments currently available, will be sufficient to fund our operations, anticipated growth and acquisition funding needs for at least the next twelve months. Poor financial results, unanticipated expenses, unanticipated acquisitions of technologies or businesses or unanticipated strategic investments could give rise to additional financing requirements sooner than we expect. There can be no assurance that equity or debt financing will be available when needed or, if available, that such financing will be on terms satisfactory to us and not dilutive to our then-current stockholders.
Contractual Cash Obligations
| Payments Due by Period | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Total |
Less than
1 Year |
1-3 Years | 4-5 Years | Thereafter | ||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||
|
Operating lease obligations |
$ | 8,657 | $ | 3,438 | $ | 4,289 | $ | 930 | $ | | ||||||||||
|
Purchase obligations |
1,690 | 1,290 | 400 | | | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
|
Total |
$ | 10,347 | $ | 4,728 | $ | 4,689 | $ | 930 | $ | | ||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
The amounts reflected in the table above for obligations represent aggregate future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable facility and equipment operating leases. In addition, we have agreements containing non-cancelable, nonrefundable payments terms with third parties to purchase services. For our facility leases, rent expense charged to operations differs from rent paid because of scheduled rent increases. Rent expense is calculated by amortizing total rental payments on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
We have recognized approximately $4.1 million in the liability for unrecognized tax benefits, including accrued interest and penalties. It is reasonably possible that unrecognized tax benefits may decrease by $0.1 million to $0.2 million during 2012 due to the expected lapse in a foreign statute of limitation relating to tax incentives and the conclusion of a foreign tax exam. At this time, we are unable to reasonably estimate the timing of the long-term payments or the amount by which the liability will increase or decrease over time. As a result, this amount is not included in the table above.
See Note 14 Commitments and Contingencies of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional detail.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements and Related Party Transactions
As of December 31, 2011, we did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements as defined in Item 303(a)(4)(ii) of SEC Regulation S-K.
In 2007, we licensed our OptiML wafer-level camera technology and SHELLCASE wafer-level packaging solutions to NemoTek Technologie S. A. (NemoTek), a supplier of camera solutions for the cell phone market. As of December 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010, we had an investment of approximately $2.0 million in NemoTek at each period end, which represented less than a 10 percent holding in NemoTek. Revenues from NemoTek were less than one percent of total revenues and were not significant for the year ended December 31, 2011 and 2010. The accounts receivable balance from NemoTek was not significant at December 31, 2011 and 2010.
43
Since 2008, we have engaged 3LP Advisors LLC (3LP) to assist with the identification and acquisition of patents. A managing partner of 3LP, Mr. Kevin G. Rivette, is a member of our Board of Directors and has a 33.3% ownership interest in 3LP. For the year ended December 31, 2011 and 2010, we recognized operating expense of $3.1 million and $2.1 million, respectively, related to these engagements. At December 31, 2011 and 2010, accounts payable balance due to 3LP was $2.0 million and $0.4 million, respectively.
In May 2011, we engaged IRT, Inc. (IRT) to provide outside administrative services for a stated hourly rate plus reimbursement for incurred expenses. IRT is solely owned by Robert A. Young, our President and Chief Executive Officer. For the year ended December 31, 2011, operating expenses recognized related to these services were not significant. At December 31, 2011, there was no accounts payable balance due to IRT.
We provide indemnification of varying scope to certain customers against claims of intellectual property infringement made by third parties arising from the use of our technologies. In accordance with authoritative guidance for accounting for guarantees, as interpreted by the authoritative guidance for guarantors accounting and disclosure requirements for guarantees, including indirect guarantees of indebtedness of others, we evaluate estimated losses for such indemnification. We consider such factors as the degree of probability of an unfavorable outcome and the ability to make a reasonable estimate of the amount of loss. To date, no such claims have been filed against us and, as a result, no liability has been recorded in our financial statements.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Managements discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our consolidated financial statements. The preparation of these financial statements have been prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) in the United States which requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. By their nature, these estimates and judgments are subject to an inherent degree of uncertainty. We evaluate our estimates based on our historical experience and various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. These estimates relate to revenue recognition, the assessment of recoverability of goodwill and intangible assets, the assessment of useful lives and recoverability of long-lived assets, the valuation and recognition of stock-based compensation expense, the valuation of investments, recognition and measurement of deferred income tax assets and liabilities, the assessment of unrecognized tax benefits, and others. Actual results could differ from those estimates, and material effects on our operating results and financial position may result. See Note 2 Summary of Significant Accounting Policies of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for a full description of critical accounting policies and estimates.
Revenue Recognition. Our revenues are generated from royalty and license fees, past production payments, and product and service revenues. Royalty and license fees include revenues from license fees and royalties generated from licensing certain rights to use our technologies or intellectual property. Past production payment revenues are royalty payments for the use of our technologies or intellectual property in the past by new licensees that make such payments as part of a settlement of a patent infringement dispute. License fees are generally recognized at the time the license agreement is executed by both parties. In some instances, a portion of the license fee is deferred for services provided which amount is the estimated fair value of the services, which is based on the price we charge for similar services when they are sold separately. Royalties under our royalty-based technology licenses are generally based on either unit volumes shipped on products using our technology or a percent of the net sales price. Licensees generally report shipment information 30 to 60 days after the end of the quarter in which such activity takes place. Since there is no reliable basis on which we can estimate our royalty revenues prior to obtaining these reports from the licensees, we recognize royalty revenues on a one-quarter lag. We record marketing incentive program and consulting service paid to our customers as reductions to revenue. Such reductions to revenue are estimated based on a number of factors including our assumptions related to fair value of the benefits derived from these arrangements.
44
Product revenues are generated principally from sales of micro-optic products, which include the diffractive optical lens elements sold principally to the semiconductor photolithography industry, as well as other specialized optical elements sold for telecommunications and photonic applications. Service revenues principally consist of engineering, assembly, design and infrastructure services, provided primarily to our licensees to shorten their development effort and time to market. Revenues from services are recognized utilizing the completed contract method of accounting.
The timing of revenue recognition and the amount of revenue actually recognized for each type of revenues depends upon a variety of factors including the specific terms of each arrangement, our ability to derive fair value of the element and the nature of our deliverables and obligations. Determination of the appropriate amount of revenue recognized involves judgments and estimates that we believe are reasonable, but actual results may differ from our estimates.
Valuation of goodwill and intangible assets. We evaluate goodwill for impairment annually during the fourth quarter. In addition, we are required to evaluate the recoverability of goodwill and intangible assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable. In order to determine the fair value of these assets, significant estimates and judgments are required to estimate future revenue and cash flows and to make assumptions such as future revenue growth rates, gross margins, operating expenses, discount rates, future economic and market conditions, and other assumptions. If these estimates or assumptions change in the future, we may be required to record an impairment charge on all or a portion of our goodwill and intangible assets. In addition, we cannot predict changes in circumstances that could indicate that the carrying value of our goodwill and long-lived assets such as intangible assets and tangible assets or equity investments may not be recoverable. Changes in circumstances that could indicate that the carrying value of our goodwill and intangible assets not be recoverable may include but are not limited to: a decline in future cash flows, slow adoption of products by customers, significant decline in growth rates in units or revenues in the industry in which the reporting unit operates, a more-likely-than-not expectation that the fair value of goodwill or assets will be adversely impacted when a reporting unit or a significant portion of a reporting unit is sold or otherwise disposed of, or if our market capitalization is below our book value. Future events could cause us to conclude that impairment indicators exist and that goodwill and intangible assets are impaired which could have an adverse impact on our results of operations.
In 2011, we recorded an impairment charge of goodwill of $49.7 million due primarily to the low market price of our common stock, which resulted in our market capitalization being significantly lower than the book value of equity for an extended period of time. There was no impairment of goodwill for the year ended December 31, 2010. Refer to Note 7 Goodwill and Identified Intangible Assets of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional details.
Stock-based compensation expense. Calculating stock-based compensation expense requires the input of highly subjective assumptions, including the expected life of the stock-based awards, stock price volatility, and the pre-vesting option forfeiture rate. We estimate the expected life of options granted based on historical exercise patterns, which we believe are representative of future behavior. We estimate the volatility of our common stock on the date of grant based on a market-based historical volatility. The assumptions used in calculating the fair value of stock-based awards represent our best estimates, but these estimates involve inherent uncertainties and the application of management judgment. As a result, if factors change and we use different assumptions, our stock-based compensation expense could be materially different in the future. In addition, we are required to estimate the expected forfeiture rate and only recognize expense for those shares expected to vest. We estimate the forfeiture rate based on historical experience of our stock-based awards that are granted, exercised and cancelled. If our actual forfeiture rate is materially different from our estimate, stock-based compensation expense could be significantly different from what we have recorded in the current period. See Note 10 Stock-Based Compensation Expense of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional detail.
45
Valuation of investments. Our investments consist primarily of municipal bonds and notes, corporate bonds and notes, commercial paper, treasury and agency notes and bills, certificates of deposit and money market funds. We invest excess cash predominantly in high-quality investment grade marketable securities with less than two years to maturity. Our marketable securities are classified as available-for-sale and are reported at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses, net of tax, recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). Realized gains and losses, unrealized losses and declines in value determined to be other-than-temporary, if any, on available-for-sale securities are generally reported in other income and expense, net. The fair values for our securities are determined based on quoted market prices as of the valuation date, observable prices for similar assets and, in the event that observable prices for similar assets are not available, externally provided pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies or other similar techniques. The determination of fair value when quoted market prices are not available requires significant judgment and estimation. In addition, we evaluate the investments periodically for possible other-than-temporary impairment and review factors such as the length of time and extent to which fair value has been below cost basis, the financial condition of the issuer, our intent to hold and whether we will not be required to sell the security before its anticipated recovery, on a more-likely-than-not basis. If any of these conditions and estimates change in the future, or, if different estimates are used, the fair value of the investments may change significantly and may result in other-than-temporary decline in value which could have an adverse impact on our results of operations.
Accounting for income taxes. We must make certain estimates and judgments in determining income tax expense for financial statement purposes. These estimates and judgments occur in the calculation of tax credits, tax benefits and deductions, and in the calculation of tax assets and liabilities. Significant changes to these estimates may result in an increase or decrease to our tax provision in a subsequent period.
We must assess the likelihood that we will be able to recover our deferred tax assets. If recovery is not likely on a more-likely-than-not basis, we must increase our provision for income taxes by recording a valuation allowance against our deferred tax assets. Should there be a change in our ability to recover our deferred tax assets, our provision for income taxes would fluctuate in the period of the change.
In addition, the calculation of our tax liabilities involves dealing with uncertainties in the application of complex tax regulations. We recognize liabilities for anticipated tax audit issues in the U.S. and other tax jurisdictions based on our estimate of whether, and the extent to which, additional tax payments are probable. If we ultimately determine that payment of these amounts is unnecessary, we reverse the liability and recognize a tax benefit during the period in which we determine that the liability is no longer necessary. This may occur for a variety of reasons, such as the expiration of the statute of limitations on a particular tax return or the signing of a final settlement agreement with the relevant tax authority. We record an additional charge in our provision for taxes in the period in which we determine that the recorded tax liability is less than the expected ultimate assessment.
We account for uncertain tax positions in accordance with authoritative guidance related to income taxes. The application of income tax law is inherently complex. Laws and regulations in this area are voluminous, frequently changing and are often ambiguous. As such, we are required to make many subjective assumptions and judgments regarding our income tax exposures. Interpretations of and guidance surrounding income tax laws and regulations are subject to change over time. As such, changes in our assumptions and judgments can materially affect amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets and statements of operations.
Our policy is to classify accrued interest and penalties related to the accrued liability for unrecognized tax benefits in the provision for income taxes. For the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010, we did not recognize any significant penalties or interest related to unrecognized tax benefits. See Note 13 Income Taxes of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional detail.
Recent accounting pronouncements
See Note 3 Recent Accounting Pronouncements of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for a full description of recent accounting pronouncements including the respective expected dates of adoption.
46
| Item 7A. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk |
The primary objectives of our investment activities are to preserve principal and maintain liquidity while at the same time capturing a market rate of return. To achieve these objectives, we maintain our portfolio of cash, cash equivalents and investments in a variety of securities, which are subject to risks including:
Interest Rate Risk. The risk associated with fluctuating interest rates is generally limited to our investment portfolio. We invest in marketable securities, consisting primarily of municipal bonds and notes, corporate bonds and notes, commercial paper, treasury and agency notes and bills, certificates of deposit and money market funds, which had a fair value of $461.9 million at December 31, 2011. Our exposure to interest rate risks is not significant due to the short average maturity of our holdings, which is less than a year. A hypothetical 1% (100 basis-point) increase in period end interest rates along the yield curve would have resulted in a $2.9 million decrease in the fair value of our investment positions as at December 31, 2011. Conversely, a 1% (100 basis-point) decrease in interest rates would have resulted in a $1.9 million increase in the fair value of our investment portfolio. These estimates reflect only the direct impact of a change in interest rates and actual results may differ from these estimates.
Investment Risk. We are exposed to market risk as it relates to changes in the market value of our investments in addition to the liquidity and credit worthiness of the underlying issuers of our investments. Our investments are subject to fluctuations in fair value due to the volatility of the credit markets and prevailing interest rates for such securities. Our marketable securities, consisting primarily of municipal bonds and notes, corporate bonds and notes, commercial paper, treasury and agency notes and bills, certificates of deposit and money market funds, are classified as available-for-sale or trading securities with fair values of $461.9 million and $453.0 million as of December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively. Unrealized gains, net of tax, on these investments for the year ended December 31, 2011 were approximately $24,000, as compared to unrealized gains of approximately $0.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2010. We do not hold any derivative, derivative commodity instruments or other similar financial instruments in our portfolio.
Bank Liquidity Risk . As of December 31, 2011, we have approximately $30.5 million in operating accounts that are held with domestic and international financial institutions. A majority of these balances are held with domestic financial institutions. While we monitor daily cash balances in our operating accounts, hold the majority of our operating funds in government insured accounts and adjust the cash balances held in operating accounts as appropriate, these cash balances could be lost or become inaccessible if the underlying financial institutions fail or if they are unable to meet the liquidity requirements of their depositors and they are not supported by the government. Notwithstanding, we have not incurred any losses and have had full access to our operating accounts to date. We believe any failures of domestic and international financial institutions could impact our ability to fund our operations in the short term.
Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk . Our international sales are typically made in U.S. dollars and are generally not subjected to foreign currency exchange rate risk. However, certain of our operating expenses for our international operations are in local currencies, primarily in Israeli New Shekels and Euros. Consequently, our results of operations are subject to foreign exchange rate fluctuations. Notwithstanding, gains and losses from such fluctuations have not historically been significant to our consolidated results. We do not currently hedge against foreign currency rate fluctuations. We do not believe that a 10% change in foreign currency exchange rates against the U.S. dollar would have a significant impact on our results of operations or cash flows.
| Item 8. | Financial Statements and Supplementary Data |
Our consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010 are set forth in this Annual Report on Form 10-K at Item 15(a)(1).
47
SELECTED QUARTERLY FINANCIAL INFORMATION (UNAUDITED)
The following table presents our unaudited quarterly results of operations for the eight quarters in the periods ended December 31, 2011 and 2010. You should read the following table in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes contained elsewhere in this annual report. We have prepared the unaudited information on the same basis as our audited consolidated financial statements. This table includes all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, that we consider necessary for fair statement of our financial position and operating results for the quarters presented. Operating results for any quarter are not necessarily indicative of results for any future quarters or for a full year. We employ a calendar month-end reporting period for our quarterly reporting.
|
Three Months Ended
(in thousands, except per share amounts) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Mar 31,
2010 |
Jun 30,
2010 |
Sep 30,
2010 |
Dec 31,
2010(1) |
Mar 31,
2011(2) |
Jun 30,
2011 |
Sep 30,
2011(3)(4) |
Dec 31,
2011(1) |
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|
Revenues: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Royalty and license fees |
$ | 58,853 | $ | 68,356 | $ | 76,041 | $ | 76,373 | $ | 62,258 | $ | 65,402 | $ | 55,271 | $ | 54,270 | ||||||||||||||||
|
Product and service revenues |
5,409 | 6,221 | 6,070 | 4,070 | 5,515 | 5,328 | 4,071 | 2,461 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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|
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Total Revenues |
64,262 | 74,577 | 82,111 | 80,443 | 67,773 | 70,730 | 59,342 | 56,731 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Operating expenses: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Cost of revenues |
5,193 | 5,788 | 5,492 | 5,304 | 5,512 | 5,361 | 5,594 | 7,026 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Research and development and other related costs |
15,813 | 18,340 | 20,769 | 19,176 | 18,613 | 18,785 | 18,690 | 19,888 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Selling, general and administrative |
19,258 | 20,152 | 19,031 | 20,859 | 19,464 | 22,775 | 20,432 | 20,707 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Litigation expense |
6,597 | 4,343 | 4,753 | 6,199 | 5,996 | 7,208 | 9,059 | 7,091 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Impairment of long-lived assets |
| | | 3,505 | | | | (569 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Restructuring and other charges |
| | | | 2,059 | | 2,938 | 252 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Impairment of goodwill |
| | | | | | 49,653 | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Total operating expenses |
46,861 | 48,623 | 50,045 | 55,043 | 51,644 | 54,129 | 106,366 | 54,395 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Operating income (loss) |
17,401 | 25,954 | 32,066 | 25,400 | 16,129 | 16,601 | (47,024 | ) | 2,336 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Other interest and expense, net |
521 | 442 | 716 | 925 | 608 | 726 | 690 | 619 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Income (loss) before taxes |
17,922 | 26,396 | 32,782 | 26,325 | 16,737 | 17,327 | (46,334 | ) | 2,955 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes |
8,095 | 11,413 | 13,754 | 12,817 | 5,525 | 5,741 | (1,598 | ) | 317 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
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|
Net income (loss) |
$ | 9,827 | $ | 14,983 | $ | 19,028 | $ | 13,508 | $ | 11,212 | $ | 11,586 | $ | (44,736 | ) | $ | 2,638 | |||||||||||||||
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|
Net income (loss) per common share basic |
$ | 0.20 | $ | 0.30 | $ | 0.38 | $ | 0.27 | $ | 0.22 | $ | 0.23 | $ | (0.87 | ) | $ | 0.05 | |||||||||||||||
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|
Net income (loss) per common share-diluted |
$ | 0.20 | $ | 0.30 | $ | 0.38 | $ | 0.27 | $ | 0.22 | $ | 0.23 | $ | (0.87 | ) | $ | 0.05 | |||||||||||||||
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Weighted average number of shares used in per share calculation-basic |
49,810 | 50,028 | 50,247 | 50,405 | 50,823 | 51,106 | 51,364 | 51,517 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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|
Weighted average number of shares used in per share calculation-diluted |
50,123 | 50,260 | 50,476 | 50,942 | 51,267 | 51,442 | 51,364 | 51,678 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| 1 |
In December 2010, in connection with the cessation of development activity of wafer-level optics technology, the Company concluded that certain equipment would be disposed of by sale. As a result, we recognized an |
48
|
impairment charge of $3.5 million, which represents the excess of the net carrying value of the equipment over the fair value less cost to sell. As of December 31, 2011, certain assets were reclassified as held-for-use and the remaining assets were disposed of resulting in a gain of $0.6 million. |
| 2 |
In January 2011, the Company announced a reorganization of its DigitalOptics (formerly Imaging and Optics) segment to focus on key growth opportunities including EDoF, Zoom and MEMS-based auto-focus and a reduction of DigitalOptics employees by up to 15% of the worldwide employee base along with certain headquarters support functions. As a result, we recognized a restructuring charge of $2.1 million, primarily consisting of severance and costs related to the continuation of certain employee benefits. |
| 3 |
In August 2011, the Company announced a commitment to undertake a workforce reduction at our Yokohama, Japan development facility and to close that facility in order to optimize our operations. As a result, we recognized a restructuring charge of $2.9 million, primarily consisting of severance, costs related to the continuation of certain employee benefits, and expenses related to the closure of facility. |
| 4 |
In the third quarter of 2011, the Company recorded a $49.7 million charge for the impairment of goodwill due primarily to the low market price of our common stock, which resulted in our market capitalization being significantly lower than the book value of equity for an extended period of time. |
49
Other Supplementary Data
The following table presents our quarterly unaudited non-GAAP financial measures for the eight quarters in the periods ended December 31, 2011 and 2010. The non-GAAP financial measures adjust for either one-time or ongoing non-cash acquired intangibles amortization charges, acquired in-process research and development, all forms of stock-based compensation expense, impairment of goodwill and long-lived assets and related tax effects of the aforementioned adjustments. The tax effects of the aforementioned adjustments are calculated by multiplying the estimated available deduction for each adjustment by the statutory taxable rate then in effect. The non-GAAP financial measures also exclude the effects of FASB Accounting Standards Codification Topic 718 Stock Compensation upon the number of diluted shares used in calculating non-GAAP earnings per share. We believe that the non-GAAP measures used in this report provide investors with important perspectives into our ongoing business performance. Our management uses these non-GAAP financial measures when evaluating our operating performance. The non-GAAP financial measures disclosed by the Company should not be considered a substitute for, or superior to, financial measures calculated in accordance with GAAP, and the financial results calculated in accordance with GAAP and reconciliations to those financial statements should be carefully evaluated. The non-GAAP financial measures used by the Company may be calculated differently from, and therefore may not be comparable to, similarly titled measures used by other companies.
|
Three Months Ended
(in thousands, except per share amounts) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Mar 31,
2010 |
Jun 30,
2010 |
Sep 30,
2010 |
Dec 31,
2010 |
Mar 31,
2011 |
Jun 30,
2011 |
Sep 30,
2011 |
Dec 31,
2011 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
GAAP net income (loss) |
$ | 9,827 | $ | 14,983 | $ | 19,028 | $ | 13,508 | $ | 11,212 | $ | 11,586 | $ | (44,736 | ) | $ | 2,638 | |||||||||||||||
|
Adjustments to GAAP net income (loss): |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Stock-based compensation expense: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Cost of revenue |
175 | 121 | 136 | 147 | 143 | 129 | 67 | 119 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Research, development and other related costs |
2,677 | 2,573 | 2,960 | 2,727 | 2,446 | 2,408 | 1,694 | 1,685 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Selling, general and administrative |
4,014 | 4,717 | 3,798 | 3,950 | 3,475 | 6,290 | 3,598 | 3,516 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Amortization of acquired intangibles: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Cost of revenue |
1,706 | 1,706 | 1,707 | 1,706 | 1,707 | 1,707 | 1,703 | 1,702 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Research, development and other related costs |
644 | 722 | 759 | 760 | 753 | 740 | 872 | 1,455 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Selling, general and administrative |
1,121 | 1,170 | 1,160 | 1,534 | 1,632 | 1,698 | 1,736 | 1,618 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Impairment of long-lived assets |
| | | 3,505 | | | | (569 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Impairment of goodwill |
| | | | | | 49,653 | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Tax adjustments for non-GAAP items |
(2,330 | ) | (2,760 | ) | (2,507 | ) | (4,739 | ) | (2,360 | ) | (3,196 | ) | (3,947 | ) | (2,513 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
|
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|
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|
Non-GAAP net income |
$ | 17,834 | $ | 23,232 | $ | 27,041 | $ | 23,098 | $ | 19,008 | $ | 21,362 | $ | 10,640 | $ | 9,651 | ||||||||||||||||
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|
Non-GAAP net income per common sharediluted |
$ | 0.35 | $ | 0.45 | $ | 0.52 | $ | 0.44 | $ | 0.36 | $ | 0.41 | $ | 0.20 | $ | 0.18 | ||||||||||||||||
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|||||||||||||||||
|
Weighted average number of shares used in per share calculation-diluted* |
51,009 | 51,190 | 51,599 | 52,509 | 52,548 | 52,525 | 52,590 | 52,708 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| * | Non-GAAP diluted shares are based on the GAAP diluted share adjusted for stock-based compensation expense and tax effect. |
| Item 9. | Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure |
Not applicable.
| Item 9A. | Controls and Procedures |
Attached as exhibits to this Form 10-K are certifications of Tessera Technologies, Inc.s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, which are required in accordance with Rule 13a-14 of the Exchange Act. This Controls and Procedures section includes information concerning the controls and controls evaluation referred to in the certifications and it should be read in conjunction with the certifications, for a more complete understanding of the topics presented.
50
Evaluation of Controls and Procedures
Tessera Technologies, Inc. maintains disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed pursuant to the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SECs rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.
Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act as of the end of the period covered by this report (the evaluation date). Based on this evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded as of the evaluation date that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to provide reasonable assurance that the information relating to Tessera Technologies, Inc., including our consolidated subsidiaries, required to be disclosed in our SEC reports (i) is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms, and (ii) is accumulated and communicated to Tessera Technologies Inc.s management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Change in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There has been no change in Tessera Technologies, Inc.s internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f), during Tessera Technologies, Inc.s most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, Tessera Technologies, Inc.s internal control over financial reporting.
Managements Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting for Tessera Technologies, Inc. Our internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Tessera Technologies, Inc.s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of Tessera Technologies, Inc.; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of Tessera Technologies, Inc. are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of Tessera Technologies, Inc.; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of Tessera Technologies, Inc.s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Tessera Technologies, Inc.s management assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2011, utilizing the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control-Integrated Framework. Based on the assessment by Tessera Technologies, Inc.s management, we determined that Tessera Technologies, Inc.s internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2011. The effectiveness of Tessera Technologies, Inc.s
51
internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2011 has been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, Tessera Technologies, Inc.s independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their attestation report which appears on page F-1 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
| Item 9B. | Other Information |
Not applicable.
52
PART III
| Item 10. | Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance |
The information required by this Item 10 is hereby incorporated by reference from the information under the captions Executive Officers, Election of Directors and Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance that will be contained in the Proxy Statement for our 2012 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the Proxy Statement).
We have adopted a written code of business conduct and ethics that applies to our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller, or persons serving similar functions. The text of our code of business conduct and ethics has been posted on our website at http://www.tessera.com.
| Item 11. | Executive Compensation |
The information required by this Item 11 is incorporated by reference from the information under the captions Election of Directors, Compensation Discussion and Analysis, Compensation of Executive Officers and Compensation Committee Report that will be contained in the Proxy Statement.
| Item 12. | Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters |
The information required by this Item 12 is incorporated by reference from the information under the captions Equity Compensation Plan Information and Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management that will be contained in the Proxy Statement.
| Item 13. | Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence |
The information required by this Item 13 is incorporated by reference from the information under the captions Certain Relationships and Related Transactions and Election of Directors that will be contained in the Proxy Statement.
| Item 14. | Principal Accountant Fees and Services |
The information required by this Item 14 is incorporated by reference from the information under the caption Ratification of Auditors that will be contained in the Proxy Statement.
53
PART IV
| Item 15. | Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules |
(a) Documents filed as part of this report:
|
Page
Number |
||||
|
(1) Financial Statements |
||||
| F-1 | ||||
| F-2 | ||||
| F-3 | ||||
| F-4 | ||||
| F-5 | ||||
| F-6 | ||||
| F-7 | ||||
|
(2) Financial Statement Schedules |
||||
| S-1 | ||||
|
(3) Exhibits* |
||||
| * | The exhibits listed on the accompanying index to exhibits in Item 15(b) below are filed as part of, or hereby incorporated by reference into, this Annual Report. |
54
(1) Financial Statements
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders
of Tessera Technologies, Inc.:
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements listed in the index appearing under Item 15(a)(1) present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Tessera Technologies, Inc and its subsidiaries at December 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2011 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. In addition, in our opinion, the financial statement schedule listed in the index appearing under Item 15(a)(2) presents fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein when read in conjunction with the related consolidated financial statements. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2011, based on criteria established in Internal Control Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). The Companys management is responsible for these financial statements and financial statement schedule, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in Managements Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting appearing under Item 9A. Our responsibility is to express opinions on these financial statements, on the financial statement schedule, and on the Companys internal control over financial reporting based on our integrated audits. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audits of the financial statements included examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.
A companys internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A companys internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the companys assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
San Jose, California
February 17, 2012
F-1
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except for par value)
| December 31, | ||||||||
| 2011 | 2010 | |||||||
|
ASSETS |
||||||||
|
Current assets: |
||||||||
|
Cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 55,758 | $ | 69,268 | ||||
|
Short-term investments |
436,687 | 405,737 | ||||||
|
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $43 at each period end |
8,599 | 11,797 | ||||||
|
Inventories |
1,574 | 1,852 | ||||||
|
Short-term deferred tax assets |
1,892 | 7,126 | ||||||
|
Other current assets |
13,664 | 9,900 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Total current assets |
518,174 | 505,680 | ||||||
|
Property and equipment, net |
36,319 | 42,121 | ||||||
|
Intangible assets, net |
141,326 | 89,956 | ||||||
|
Long-term deferred tax assets |
18,223 | 21,877 | ||||||
|
Other assets |
2,484 | 2,567 | ||||||
|
Goodwill |
| 49,653 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Total assets |
$ | 716,526 | $ | 711,854 | ||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS EQUITY |
||||||||
|
Current liabilities: |
||||||||
|
Accounts payable |
$ | 7,203 | $ | 4,765 | ||||
|
Accrued legal fees |
6,110 | 5,088 | ||||||
|
Accrued liabilities |
20,824 | 21,161 | ||||||
|
Deferred revenue |
2,610 | 5,754 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Total current liabilities |
36,747 | 36,768 | ||||||
|
Long-term deferred tax liabilities |
4,083 | 4,627 | ||||||
|
Other long-term liabilities |
5,017 | 5,876 | ||||||
|
Commitments and contingencies (Note 14) |
||||||||
|
Stockholders equity: |
||||||||
|
Preferred stock: $0.001 par value; 10,000 shares authorized and no shares issued and outstanding |
| | ||||||
|
Common stock: $0.001 par value; 150,000 shares authorized; 52,221 and 51,238 shares issued, respectively, and 51,576 and 50,593 shares outstanding, respectively |
52 | 51 | ||||||
|
Additional paid-in capital |
462,697 | 437,027 | ||||||
|
Treasury stock at cost: 645 shares of common stock at each period end |
(10,505 | ) | (10,505 | ) | ||||
|
Accumulated other comprehensive income |
24 | 299 | ||||||
|
Retained earnings |
218,411 | 237,711 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Total stockholders equity |
670,679 | 664,583 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Total liabilities and stockholders equity |
$ | 716,526 | $ | 711,854 | ||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-2
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(In Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)
| Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | ||||||||||
|
Revenues: |
||||||||||||
|
Royalty and license fees |
$ | 237,201 | $ | 279,623 | $ | 286,207 | ||||||
|
Product and service revenues |
17,375 | 21,770 | 13,233 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
Total revenues |
254,576 | 301,393 | 299,440 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
Operating expenses: |
||||||||||||
|
Cost of revenues |
23,493 | 21,777 | 16,971 | |||||||||
|
Research, development and other related costs |
75,976 | 74,098 | 65,888 | |||||||||
|
Selling, general and administrative |
83,378 | 79,300 | 72,808 | |||||||||
|
Litigation expense |
29,354 | 21,892 | 26,131 | |||||||||
|
Impairment of long-lived assets |
(569 | ) | 3,505 | | ||||||||
|
Restructuring and other charges |
5,249 | | | |||||||||
|
Impairment of goodwill |
49,653 | | | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
Total operating expenses |
266,534 | 200,572 | 181,798 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
Operating income (loss) |
(11,958 | ) | 100,821 | 117,642 | ||||||||
|
Other income and expense, net |
2,643 | 2,604 | 5,519 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
Income (loss) before taxes |
(9,315 | ) | 103,425 | 123,161 | ||||||||
|
Provision for income taxes |
9,985 | 46,079 | 53,365 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
Net income (loss) |
$ | (19,300 | ) | $ | 57,346 | $ | 69,796 | |||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
Basic and diluted net income (loss) per share: |
||||||||||||
|
Net income (loss) per share-basic |
$ | (0.38 | ) | $ | 1.15 | $ | 1.43 | |||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
Net income (loss) per share-diluted |
$ | (0.38 | ) | $ | 1.14 | $ | 1.42 | |||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
Weighted average number of shares used in |
||||||||||||
|
per share calculations-basic |
51,082 | 50,070 | 48,826 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
Weighted average number of shares used in |
||||||||||||
|
per share calculations-diluted |
51,082 | 50,450 | 49,265 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-3
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
| Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | ||||||||||
|
Net income (loss) |
$ | (19,300 | ) | $ | 57,346 | $ | 69,796 | |||||
|
Other comprehensive income (loss): |
||||||||||||
|
Net unrealized gains (loss) on available-for-sale-securities, net of tax |
(275 | ) | 354 | 722 | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
Other comprehensive income (loss) |
(275 | ) | 354 | 722 | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
Comprehensive income (loss) |
$ | (19,575 | ) | $ | 57,700 | $ | 70,518 | |||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-4
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS EQUITY
(In Thousands)
| Common Stock |
Additional
Paid-In Capital |
Treasury
Stock |
Accumulated
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) |
Accumulated
Income |
Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares | Amount | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Balance at December 31, 2008 |
48,487 | $ | 49 | $ | 347,568 | $ | (10,505 | ) | $ | (777 | ) | $ | 110,569 | $ | 446,904 | |||||||||||||
|
Net income |
| | | | | 69,796 | 69,796 | |||||||||||||||||||||
|
Other comprehensive income |
722 | 722 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Issuance of common stock in connection with exercise of stock options |
1,033 | 1 | 16,950 | | | | 16,951 | |||||||||||||||||||||
|
Issuance of common stock in connection with employee common stock purchase plan |
257 | | 2,414 | | | | 2,414 | |||||||||||||||||||||
|
Issuance of restricted stock, net of shares cancelled |
68 | | | | | | | |||||||||||||||||||||
|
Stock-based compensation expense |
| | 27,923 | | | | 27,923 | |||||||||||||||||||||
|
Tax benefits in connection with stock option plan |
| | 7,475 | | | | 7,475 | |||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||
|
Balance at December 31, 2009 |
49,845 | $ | 50 | $ | 402,330 | $ | (10,505 | ) | $ | (55 | ) | $ | 180,365 | $ | 572,185 | |||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||
|
Net income |
| | | | | 57,346 | 57,346 | |||||||||||||||||||||
|
Other comprehensive income |
354 | 354 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Issuance of common stock in connection with exercise of stock options |
204 | | 2,599 | | | | 2,599 | |||||||||||||||||||||
|
Issuance of common stock in connection with employee common stock purchase plan |
406 | 1 | 3,838 | | | | 3,839 | |||||||||||||||||||||
|
Issuance of restricted stock, net of shares cancelled |
138 | | | | | | | |||||||||||||||||||||
|
Stock-based compensation expense |
| | 27,995 | | | | 27,995 | |||||||||||||||||||||
|
Tax benefits in connection with stock option plan |
| | 265 | | | | 265 | |||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||
|
Balance at December 31, 2010 |
50,593 | $ | 51 | $ | 437,027 | $ | (10,505 | ) | $ | 299 | $ | 237,711 | $ | 664,583 | ||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||
|
Net loss |
| | | | | (19,300 | ) | (19,300 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
|
Other comprehensive loss |
(275 | ) | (275 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Issuance of common stock in connection with exercise of stock options |
239 | | 3,594 | | | | 3,594 | |||||||||||||||||||||
|
Issuance of common stock in connection with employee common stock purchase plan |
371 | 1 | 4,173 | | | | 4,174 | |||||||||||||||||||||
|
Issuance of restricted stock, net of shares cancelled |
373 | | | | | | | |||||||||||||||||||||
|
Stock-based compensation expense |
| | 25,570 | | | | 25,570 | |||||||||||||||||||||
|
Tax benefits in connection with stock option plan |
| | (7,667 | ) | | | | (7,667 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||
|
Balance at December 31, 2011 |
51,576 | $ | 52 | $ | 462,697 | $ | (10,505 | ) | $ | 24 | $ | 218,411 | $ | 670,679 | ||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-5
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In Thousands)
| Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | ||||||||||
|
Cash flows from operating activities: |
||||||||||||
|
Net income (loss) |
$ | (19,300 | ) | $ | 57,346 | $ | 69,796 | |||||
|
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities: |
||||||||||||
|
Depreciation and amortization of property and equipment |
10,073 | 11,535 | 9,442 | |||||||||
|
Amortization of intangible assets |
17,323 | 14,695 | 12,119 | |||||||||
|
Stock-based compensation expense |
25,570 | 27,995 | 27,923 | |||||||||
|
Impairment on long-term investments and assets, net of gain |
| (217 | ) | (231 | ) | |||||||
|
Impairment of long-lived assets |
(480 | ) | 3,505 | | ||||||||
|
Impairment of goodwill |
49,653 | | | |||||||||
|
Loss on property and equipment and lease impairment |
57 | | 532 | |||||||||
|
Deferred income tax, net |
7,085 | (4,764 | ) | (4,115 | ) | |||||||
|
Amortization of premium/discount on investments |
(832 | ) | | | ||||||||
|
Tax benefits from employee stock option plan |
(7,667 | ) | 265 | 7,475 | ||||||||
|
Excess tax benefit from stock-based compensation |
(85 | ) | (502 | ) | (3,230 | ) | ||||||
|
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions: |
||||||||||||
|
Accounts receivable, net |
3,198 | (1,552 | ) | 4,487 | ||||||||
|
Inventories |
278 | (281 | ) | (37 | ) | |||||||
|
Other assets |
(3,681 | ) | (3,442 | ) | 2,178 | |||||||
|
Accounts payable |
2,438 | 1,524 | (570 | ) | ||||||||
|
Accrued legal fees |
1,022 | 2,024 | (10,881 | ) | ||||||||
|
Accrued and other liabilities |
(2,082 | ) | (2,086 | ) | 1,222 | |||||||
|
Deferred revenue |
(3,144 | ) | 420 | (751 | ) | |||||||
|
Income tax payable |
| (319 | ) | (1,068 | ) | |||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
Net cash provided by operating activities |
79,426 | 106,146 | 114,291 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
Cash flows from investing activities: |
||||||||||||
|
Purchases of property and equipment |
(5,910 | ) | (9,846 | ) | (15,270 | ) | ||||||
|
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment |
2,207 | 1,660 | 17 | |||||||||
|
Purchases of short-term available-for-sale investments |
(353,052 | ) | (487,928 | ) | (365,638 | ) | ||||||
|
Proceeds from maturities and sales of marketable securities |
322,659 | |||||||||||