PART I
General
Sonic
Corp. operates and franchises the largest chain of drive-in restaurants (“Sonic
Drive-Ins”) in the United States. References to “Sonic Corp.,” “the
Company,” “we,” “us,” and “our” in this Form 10-K are references to Sonic Corp.
and its subsidiaries.
The Sonic
Drive-In restaurant chain was begun in the early 1950’s. Sonic Corp.
was incorporated in the State of Delaware in 1990 in connection with its 1991
public offering of common stock. Our principal executive offices are
located at 300 Johnny Bench Drive, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104. Our
telephone number is (405) 225-5000.
The
Sonic Brand
At a
standard Sonic Drive-In restaurant, a customer drives into one of 20 to 36
covered drive-in spaces, orders through an intercom speaker system, and has the
food delivered by a carhop. Many Sonic Drive-Ins also include a
drive-thru lane and patio seating.
Sonic
Drive-Ins feature Sonic signature items, such as specialty drinks including
cherry limeades and slushes, frozen desserts, made-to-order sandwiches and
hamburgers, extra-long cheese coneys, hand-battered onion rings, tater tots,
salads, and wraps. Sonic Drive-Ins also offer breakfast items that
include sausage, ham, or bacon with egg and cheese Breakfast Toaster
®
or Bistro
sandwiches, sausage and egg burritos, and specialty breakfast
drinks. Sonic Drive-Ins serve the full menu all day.
Business
Strategy
Our
objective is to maintain our position as or to become a leading operator in all
of our markets. We have developed and implemented a strategy designed
to build the Sonic brand and to maintain high levels of customer satisfaction
and repeat business. The key elements of that strategy
are: (1) a unique drive-in concept focusing on a distinctive menu of
quality made-to-order food products including several signature items; (2) a
commitment to customer service featuring the quick delivery of food by carhops;
(3) the expansion of Sonic Drive-Ins within the continental United States; (4)
an owner/operator philosophy, in which managers have an equity interest in their
restaurants, thereby providing an incentive for managers to operate restaurants
profitably and efficiently; and (5) a commitment to strong franchisee
relationships.
Restaurant
Locations
As of
August 31, 2008, the Company had 3,475 Sonic Drive-Ins in operation from coast
to coast, consisting of 684 Partner Drive-Ins and 2,791 Franchise
Drive-Ins. Partner Drive-Ins are those Sonic Drive-Ins in which the
Company owns a majority interest and the supervisor and manager of the drive-in
own a minority interest. Franchise Drive-Ins are owned and operated
by our franchisees. The following table sets forth the number of
Partner Drive-Ins and Franchise Drive-Ins by state as of August 31,
2008:
|
States
|
Partner
|
Franchise
|
Total
|
|
Alabama
|
33
|
|
81
|
|
114
|
|
|
Arizona
|
|
|
98
|
|
98
|
|
|
Arkansas
|
30
|
|
165
|
|
195
|
|
|
California
|
|
|
40
|
|
40
|
|
|
Colorado
|
35
|
|
47
|
|
82
|
|
|
Delaware
|
|
|
3
|
|
3
|
|
|
Florida
|
38
|
|
80
|
|
118
|
|
|
Georgia
|
18
|
|
116
|
|
134
|
|
|
Idaho
|
|
|
20
|
|
20
|
|
|
Illinois
|
2
|
|
32
|
|
34
|
|
|
Indiana
|
1
|
|
22
|
|
23
|
|
|
Iowa
|
2
|
|
15
|
|
17
|
|
|
Kansas
|
41
|
|
95
|
|
136
|
|
|
Kentucky
|
1
|
|
81
|
|
82
|
|
|
Louisiana
|
24
|
|
142
|
|
166
|
|
|
Michigan
|
|
|
1
|
|
1
|
|
|
Minnesota
|
|
|
3
|
|
3
|
|
|
Mississippi
|
|
|
123
|
|
123
|
|
|
Missouri
|
46
|
|
166
|
|
212
|
|
|
Nebraska
|
9
|
|
19
|
|
28
|
|
|
New
Jersey
|
|
|
3
|
|
3
|
|
|
Nevada
|
|
|
21
|
|
21
|
|
|
New
Mexico
|
|
|
73
|
|
73
|
|
|
North
Carolina
|
|
|
95
|
|
95
|
|
|
Ohio
|
7
|
|
22
|
|
29
|
|
|
Oklahoma
|
94
|
|
176
|
|
270
|
|
|
Oregon
|
|
|
7
|
|
7
|
|
|
Pennsylvania
|
|
|
10
|
|
10
|
|
|
South
Carolina
|
|
|
74
|
|
74
|
|
|
South
Dakota
|
|
|
3
|
|
3
|
|
|
Tennessee
|
52
|
|
175
|
|
227
|
|
|
Texas
|
226
|
|
712
|
|
938
|
|
|
Utah
|
|
|
28
|
|
28
|
|
|
Virginia
|
25
|
|
29
|
|
54
|
|
|
Washington
|
|
|
5
|
|
5
|
|
|
West
Virginia
|
|
|
4
|
|
4
|
|
|
Wyoming
|
|
|
5
|
|
5
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
684
|
|
2,791
|
|
3,475
|
|
We
identify markets based on television viewing areas and further classify markets
as either core or developing. We define our core television markets
as those markets where the penetration of Sonic Drive-Ins (as measured by
population per restaurant, advertising level, and share of restaurant spending)
has reached a certain level of market maturity established by
management. All other television markets where Sonic Drive-Ins are
located are referred to as developing markets. Our core markets
contain approximately 75% of all Sonic Drive-Ins as of August 31,
2008.
Expansion
During fiscal year
2008
, we opened 169 Sonic Drive-Ins, which consisted of 29 Partner
Drive-Ins and 140 Franchise Drive-Ins. Expansion plans for fiscal
year 2009 involve the opening of multiple Sonic Drive-Ins under area development
agreements, as well as single-store development by long-standing
franchisees. We believe that our existing as well as newly opened
markets offer significant growth opportunities for both Partner Drive-In and
Franchise Drive-In expansion. The ability of Sonic and its
franchisees to open the anticipated number of Sonic Drive-Ins during fiscal year
2009 necessarily will depend on various factors, including those discussed in
this Form 10-K under
Item
1A. Risk Factors – Failure to successfully implement our growth
strategy could reduce, or reduce the growth of, our revenue and net
income
.
Restaurant
Design and Construction
The
typical Sonic Drive-In consists of a kitchen housed in a one-story building
flanked by canopy-covered rows of 20 to 36 parking spaces, with each space
having its own intercom speaker system and menu board. In addition,
since 1995, most new Sonic Drive-Ins have incorporated a drive-thru service and
patio seating area.
Marketing
We have
designed our marketing program to differentiate Sonic Drive-Ins from our
competitors by emphasizing five key areas of customer
satisfaction: (1) wide variety of distinctive made-to-order menu
items, (2) personal delivery of service by carhops, (3) speed of service, (4)
quality, and (5) value. The marketing plan includes promotions for
use throughout the Sonic chain. We support those promotions with
television, radio, interactive media, point-of-sale materials, and other media
as appropriate. Those promotions generally center on products which
highlight limited time new product introductions or signature menu items of
Sonic Drive-Ins.
Each year
Sonic develops a marketing plan with the involvement of the Sonic Franchise
Advisory Council. (Information concerning the Sonic Franchise
Advisory Council is set forth on page 5 under Franchise Program -
Franchise Advisory
Council
.) Funding for our marketing plan is comprised of the
System Marketing Fund, the Sonic Brand Fund and local advertising
expenditures.
The
System Marketing Fund focuses on purchasing advertising on national cable and
broadcast networks and other national media, sponsorship and brand enhancement
opportunities. The Sonic Brand Fund is our national media production
fund. Our franchise agreements require advertising
contributions to these funds by franchisees. Franchisees are also
required to spend additional amounts on local advertising, typically through
participation in the local advertising cooperative.
The total
amount spent on media (principally television) was approximately $190 million
for fiscal year 2008, and we expect media expenditures to exceed $200
million for fiscal 2009.
Purchasing
We
negotiate with suppliers for our primary food products and packaging supplies to
ensure adequate quantities of food and supplies and to obtain competitive
prices. We seek competitive bids from suppliers on many of our food
products. We approve suppliers of those products and require them to
adhere to our established product and food safety
specifications. Suppliers manufacture several key products for Sonic
under private label and sell them to authorized distributors for resale to Sonic
Drive-Ins. We require all Sonic Drive-Ins to purchase from approved
distribution centers.
Food
Safety and Quality Assurance
To ensure
the consistent delivery of safe, high-quality food, we created a food safety and
quality assurance program. Sonic’s food safety program promotes the
quality and safety of all products and procedures utilized by all Sonic
Drive-Ins, and provides certain requirements that must be adhered to by all
suppliers, distributors, and Sonic Drive-Ins. We also have a
comprehensive, restaurant-based food safety program called Sonic
Safe. Sonic Safe is a risk-based system that utilizes Hazard Analysis
& Critical Control Points (HACCP) principles for managing food safety and
quality. Our food safety system includes employee training, supplier
product testing, unannounced drive-in food safety auditing by independent
third-parties, and other detailed components that monitor the safety and quality
of Sonic’s products and procedures at every stage of the food preparation and
production cycle. Employee food safety training is covered under our
Sonic Drive-In training program, referred to as the STAR Training
Program. This program includes specific training information and
requirements for every station in the drive-in. We also require our
drive-in managers and assistant managers to pass the ServSafe training
program. ServSafe is the most recognized food safety training
certification in the restaurant industry.
Company
Operations
Restaurant
Personnel
. A typical Partner Drive-In is operated by a
manager, two to four assistant managers, and approximately 25 hourly employees,
many of whom work part-time. The manager has responsibility for the
day-to-day operations of the Partner Drive-In. Each supervisor has
the responsibility of overseeing an average of four to seven Partner
Drive-Ins. Sonic Restaurants, Inc. (“SRI”), Sonic’s operating
subsidiary, oversees the operations and development of and provides
administrative services to all Partner Drive-Ins. SRI employs
directors of operations who oversee an average of four to seven supervisors
within their respective regions and report to either a regional vice president
or a vice president of SRI.
Ownership
Program
. Our philosophy stresses an ownership relationship
with supervisors and managers. As part of the ownership program,
either a limited liability company or a general partnership is formed to own and
operate each individual Partner Drive-In. SRI owns a majority
interest, typically at least 60%, in each of these limited liability companies
and partnerships. Generally, the supervisors and managers own a
minority interest in the limited liability company or partnership. The amount of
ownership percentage is separately negotiated for each Partner
Drive-In. Supervisors and managers are not employees of Sonic or of
the limited liability companies or partnerships in which they have an ownership
interest. As owners, they share in the cash flow and are responsible
for their share of any losses incurred by their Partner Drive-Ins. We
believe that our ownership structure provides a substantial incentive for
Partner Drive-In supervisors and managers to operate their restaurants
profitably and efficiently. Additional information regarding our
ownership program can be found under
Ownership Program,
in Part
II, Item 7, at page 25 of this Form 10-K.
Sonic
records the interests of supervisors and managers as “minority interest in
earnings of Partner Drive-Ins” under costs and expenses on its financial
statements. We estimate that the average percentage interest of a
supervisor was
16
% and the average
percentage interest of a manager in a Partner Drive-In was
19
% in fiscal year
2008. Each Partner Drive-In distributes its available cash flow to
its supervisors and managers and to Sonic on a monthly basis pursuant to the
terms of the operating agreement or partnership agreement for that
restaurant. Sonic has the right, but not the obligation, to purchase
the minority interest of the supervisor or manager in the
restaurant. The amounts of the buy-in and the buy-out are generally
based on the Partner Drive-In’s sales during the preceding 12 months and
approximate the fair market value of a minority interest in that
restaurant. Most supervisors and managers finance the buy-in with a
loan from a third-party financial institution.
Each
Partner Drive-In usually purchases equipment with funds borrowed from Sonic at
competitive rates. In most cases, Sonic also owns or leases the land
and building and guarantees any third-party lease entered into for the
site.
Partner Drive-In
Data
. The following table provides certain financial
information relating to Partner Drive-Ins and the number of Partner Drive-Ins
opened and closed during the past five fiscal years.
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
2004
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Average
Sales per Partner Drive-In
(in thousands)
|
|
$
|
1,007
|
|
|
$
|
1,017
|
|
|
$
|
980
|
|
|
$
|
957
|
|
|
$
|
886
|
|
|
Number
of Partner Drive-Ins:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
Open at Beginning of Year
|
|
|
654
|
|
|
|
623
|
|
|
|
574
|
|
|
|
539
|
|
|
|
497
|
|
|
Newly-Opened
and Re-Opened
|
|
|
29
|
|
|
|
29
|
|
|
|
35
|
|
|
|
37
|
|
|
|
21
|
|
|
Purchased
from Franchisees
|
|
|
18
|
|
|
|
15
|
|
|
|
15
|
|
|
|
4
|
|
|
|
24
|
|
|
Sold
to Franchisees
|
|
|
(12
|
)
|
|
|
(10
|
)
|
|
|
--
|
|
|
|
(5
|
)
|
|
|
(3
|
)
|
|
Closed
|
|
|
(5
|
)
|
|
|
(3
|
)
|
|
|
(1
|
)
|
|
|
(1
|
)
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
Total
Open at Year End
|
|
|
684
|
|
|
|
654
|
|
|
|
623
|
|
|
|
574
|
|
|
|
539
|
|
Franchise
Program
General
. As of
August 31, 2008, we had 2,791 Franchise Drive-Ins in operation. A
large number of successful multi-unit franchisee groups have developed during
the Sonic system’s 55 years of operation. Those franchisees continue to develop
new Franchise Drive-Ins in their franchise territories either through area
development agreements or single site development. Our franchisees
opened 140 Franchise Drive-Ins during fiscal year 2008. We consider
our franchisees a vital part of our continued growth and believe our
relationship with our franchisees is good.
Franchise
Agreements
. For traditional drive-ins, the current franchise
agreement provides for an initial franchise fee of $45,000 per drive-in, a
royalty fee of up to 5% of gross sales on a graduated percentage
basis, advertising fees of up to 5.9% of gross sales, and a 20-year
term. For fiscal year 2008, Sonic’s average royalty rate equaled
3.88%.
Area Development
Agreements
. We use area development agreements to facilitate
the planned expansion of the Sonic Drive-In restaurant chain through multiple
unit development. While many existing franchisees continue to expand
on a single drive-in basis, approximately 79% of the new Franchise Drive-Ins
opened during fiscal year 2008 occurred as a result of then-existing area
development agreements. Each area development agreement gives a
developer the exclusive right to construct, own, and operate Sonic Drive-Ins
within a defined area. In exchange, each developer agrees to open a
minimum number of Sonic Drive-Ins in the area within a prescribed time
period.
During
fiscal year 2008, we entered into 27 new area development agreements calling for
the opening of 212
Franchise
Drive-Ins and amended 18 existing area development agreements calling for the
opening of an additional 107 Franchise Drive-Ins, all during the next seven
years. We currently have more than 150 area development agreements in
effect, calling for the development of approximately 970 Sonic Drive-Ins during
the next seven years. We cannot give any assurance that our franchisees will
achieve that number of new Franchise Drive-Ins during the next seven
years. Of the 207 Franchise Drive-Ins scheduled to open during fiscal
year 2008 under area development agreements in place at the beginning of that
fiscal year, 133 or 64% opened during the period. During fiscal year
2008, we terminated 27 of the 179 area development agreements existing at the
beginning of the fiscal year. The terminated area development
agreements called for the opening of 32 Franchise Drive-Ins in fiscal year 2008
and an additional 56 Franchise Drive-Ins in the next seven fiscal
years. All of these terminations were as a result of the franchisee
failing to meet the development schedule under the area development
agreement.
In
addition to the area development agreement commitments, during fiscal 2007,
existing franchisees purchased options to develop approximately 400 drive-ins,
which allow them to open new drive-ins under an older form of license agreement
with a lower franchise fee and royalty rate, rather than the current form of
license agreement. The development options and area development agreements
together reflect a development pipeline of over 1,360 drive-ins in the next
seven fiscal years.
Franchise Drive-In
Development
. We assist each franchisee in selecting sites and
developing Sonic Drive-Ins. Each franchisee has responsibility for
selecting the franchisee’s drive-in location, but must obtain our approval of
each Sonic Drive-In design and each location based on accessibility and
visibility of the site and targeted demographic factors, including population
density, income, age, and traffic. We provide our franchisees with
the physical specifications for the typical Sonic Drive-In.
Franchisee
Financing
. Other than the agreements described below, we do
not generally provide financing to franchisees or guarantee loans to franchisees
made by third-parties.
We had an
agreement with GE Capital Franchise Finance Corporation (“GEC”) pursuant to
which GEC made loans to existing Sonic franchisees who met certain underwriting
criteria set by GEC. Under the terms of the agreement with GEC, Sonic
provided a guaranty of 10% of the outstanding balance of a loan from GEC to the
Sonic franchisee. The portions of loans made by GEC to Sonic
franchisees that are guaranteed by the Company total $1.5 million as of August
31, 2008. We ceased guaranteeing new loans made under the program
during fiscal year 2003 and have not been required to make any payments under
our agreement with GEC.
We have
an agreement with Irwin Franchise Capital Corporation (“IFCC”) pursuant to which
IFCC has agreed to make loans to existing Sonic franchisees who meet certain
underwriting criteria set by IFCC to finance the equipment and improvements for
our retrofit program in which significant trade dress modifications are being
made to Sonic Drive-Ins. Under the terms of the agreement with IFCC, we
will provide a guaranty to IFCC of the greater of (i) 5% of the outstanding
balance of a loan from IFCC to the Sonic franchisee or (ii) $250,000, provided
that in no event will our maximum liability to IFCC exceed $2,500,000 in the
aggregate. As of August 31, 2008, the total amount guaranteed under
the IFCC agreement was $
0.7 million
.
Franchise Advisory
Council
. Our Franchise Advisory Council provides advice,
counsel, and input to Sonic on important issues impacting the business, such as
marketing and promotions, operations, purchasing, building design, human
resources, technology, and new products. The Franchise Advisory
Council currently consists of 20 members selected by Sonic. We have
seven executive committee members who are selected at large, 12 regional members
representing four defined regions of the country, and one at large member
representing new franchisees and smaller operators. We have five
Franchise Advisory Council task groups comprised of 53
total members who serve
two-year terms and lend support on individual key priorities.
Franchise Drive-In
Data
. The following table provides certain financial
information relating to Franchise Drive-Ins and the number of Franchise
Drive-Ins opened, purchased from or sold to Sonic, and closed during Sonic’s
last five fiscal years.
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
2004
|
|
Average
Sales Per Franchise
Drive-In (
in
thousands
)
|
|
$
|
1,154
|
|
|
$
|
1,132
|
|
|
$
|
1,092
|
|
|
$
|
1,039
|
|
|
$
|
983
|
|
|
Number
of Franchise Drive-Ins:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
Open at Beginning of Year
|
|
|
2,689
|
|
|
|
2,565
|
|
|
|
2,465
|
|
|
|
2,346
|
|
|
|
2,209
|
|
|
New
Franchise Drive-Ins
|
|
|
140
|
|
|
|
146
|
|
|
|
138
|
|
|
|
138
|
|
|
|
167
|
|
|
Sold
to the Company
|
|
|
(18
|
)
|
|
|
(15
|
)
|
|
|
(15
|
)
|
|
|
(4
|
)
|
|
|
(24
|
)
|
|
Purchased
from the Company
|
|
|
12
|
|
|
|
10
|
|
|
|
--
|
|
|
|
5
|
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
Closed
and Terminated,
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net
of Re-openings
|
|
|
(32
|
)
|
|
|
(17
|
)
|
|
|
(23
|
)
|
|
|
(20
|
)
|
|
|
(9
|
)
|
|
Total
Open at Year End
|
|
|
2,791
|
|
|
|
2,689
|
|
|
|
2,565
|
|
|
|
2,465
|
|
|
|
2,346
|
|
Competition
We
compete in the restaurant industry, a highly competitive industry in terms of
price, service, location, and food quality. The restaurant industry
is often affected by changes in consumer trends, economic conditions,
demographics, traffic patterns, and concerns about the nutritional content of
quick-service foods. We compete on the basis of speed and quality of
service, method of food preparation (made-to-order), food quality and variety,
signature food items, and monthly promotions. The quality of service,
featuring Sonic carhops, constitutes one of our primary marketable points of
difference from the competition. There are many well-established
competitors with substantially greater financial and other
resources. These competitors include a large number of national,
regional, and local food services, including quick-service restaurants and
casual dining restaurants. A significant change in pricing or other
marketing strategies by one or more of those competitors could have an adverse
impact on Sonic’s sales, earnings, and growth. In selling franchises,
we also compete with many franchisors of quick-service and other restaurants and
other business opportunities.
Seasonality
Our
results during Sonic’s second fiscal quarter (the months of December, January
and February) generally are lower than other quarters because of the lower
temperatures in the locations of a number of Partner Drive-Ins and Franchise
Drive-Ins, which tends to reduce customer visits to our drive-ins.
Employees
As of
August 31, 2008, we had 383 full-time corporate employees. This
number does not include the approximately 21,000 full-time and part-time
employees employed by separate partnerships and limited liability companies that
operate our Partner Drive-Ins or the supervisors or managers of the Partner
Drive-Ins who own a minority interest in the separate partnerships or limited
liability companies.
None of
our employees is subject to a collective bargaining agreement. We
believe that we have good labor relations with our employees.
Intellectual
Property
Sonic
owns or is licensed to use valuable intellectual property including trademarks,
service marks, patents, copyrights, trade secrets and other proprietary
information, including the “Sonic” logo and trademark, which are of material
importance to our business. Depending on the jurisdiction, trademarks
and service marks generally are valid as long as they are used and/or
registered. Patents, copyrights and licenses are of varying
durations.
Customers
Our
business is not dependent upon either a single customer or small group of
customers.
Government
Contracts
No
portion of our business is subject to renegotiation of profits or termination of
contracts or subcontracts at the election of the U.S. government.
Environmental
Matters
We are
not aware of any federal, state or local environmental laws or regulations that
will materially affect our earnings or competitive position or result in
material capital expenditures. However, we cannot predict the effect on
operations of possible future environmental legislation or regulations. During
fiscal year 2008, there were no material capital expenditures for environmental
control facilities, and no such material expenditures are anticipated.
Available
Information
We
maintain a website with the address of
www.sonicdrivein.com
. Copies
of the Company’s reports filed with, or furnished to, the Securities and
Exchange Commission on Forms 10-K, 10-Q, and 8-K and any amendments to such
reports are available for viewing and copying at such website, free of charge,
as soon as reasonably practicable after filing such material with, or furnishing
it to, the Securities and Exchange Commission. In addition, copies of
Sonic’s corporate governance materials, including the Corporate Governance
Guidelines, Audit Committee Charter, Compensation Committee Charter, Nominating
and Corporate Governance Committee Charter, Code of Ethics for Financial
Officers, and Code of Business Conduct and Ethics are available for viewing and
copying at the website, free of charge.
This
Annual Report on Form 10-K includes forward-looking statements within the
meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. A
forward-looking statement is neither a prediction nor a guarantee of future
events or circumstances, and those future events or circumstances may not
occur. Investors should not place undue reliance on the
forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this
report. These forward-looking statements are all based on currently
available operating, financial and competitive information and are subject to
various risks and uncertainties. Our actual future results and trends
may differ materially depending on a variety of factors including, but not
limited to, the risks and uncertainties discussed below. Accordingly,
such forward-looking statements do not purport to be predictions of future
events or circumstances and may not be realized. For these reasons,
you should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements. We
undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise them, except as may be
required by law.
Events
reported in the media, such as incidents involving food-borne illnesses or food
tampering, whether or not accurate, can cause damage to our reputation and
rapidly affect sales and profitability.
Reports,
whether true or not, of food-borne illnesses, such as e-coli, avian flu, bovine
spongiform encephalopathy (commonly known as mad cow disease), hepatitis A or
salmonella, and injuries caused by food tampering have in the past severely
injured the reputations of participants in the restaurant industry and could in
the future affect us. The potential for terrorism of our nation’s
food supply also exists and, if such an event occurs, it could have a negative
impact on our brand’s reputation and could severely hurt sales, revenues, and
profits.
Our
brand’s reputation is an important asset to the business; as a result, anything
that damages our brand’s reputation could immediately and severely hurt sales,
revenues, and profits. If customers become ill from food-borne
illnesses or food tampering, we could also be forced to temporarily close some,
or all, Sonic Drive-Ins. In addition, instances of food-borne
illnesses or food tampering occurring at the restaurants of competitors could,
by resulting in negative publicity about the restaurant industry, adversely
affect our sales on a local, regional, or national basis. A decrease
in customer traffic as a result of these health concerns or negative publicity,
or as a result of a temporary closure of any Sonic Drive-Ins, could materially
harm our brand, sales, and profitability.
The
restaurant industry is highly competitive, and that competition could lower our
revenues, margins, and market share.
The
restaurant industry is intensely competitive with respect to price, service,
location, personnel, including nutritional content of quick-service foods,
dietary trends, and quality of food, and is often affected by changes in
consumer tastes and preferences, economic conditions, population, and traffic
patterns. We compete with international, regional and local restaurants, some of
which operate more restaurants and have greater financial
resources. We compete primarily through the quality, price, variety,
and value of food products offered. Other key competitive factors include the
number and location of restaurants, quality and speed of service, attractiveness
of facilities, effectiveness of advertising and marketing programs, and new
product development by us and our competitors. Some of our
competitors have substantially larger marketing budgets, which may provide them
with a competitive advantage. In addition, our system competes within
the quick-service restaurant industry not only for customers but also for
management and hourly employees, suitable real estate sites, and qualified
franchisees.
Changing
dietary preferences may cause consumers to avoid our products in favor of
alternative foods.
The
restaurant industry is affected by consumer preferences and
perceptions. Although we monitor these changing preferences and
strive to adapt to meet changing consumer needs, growth of our brand and,
ultimately, system-wide sales depend on the sustained demand for our
products. If dietary preferences and perceptions cause consumers to
avoid certain products offered by Sonic Drive-Ins in favor of alternative foods,
demand for our products may be reduced, and our business could be
harmed.
Our
earnings and business growth strategy depends in large part on the success of
our franchisees, who exercise independent control of their
businesses.
A portion
of our earnings comes from royalties, rents and other amounts paid by our
franchisees. Franchisees are independent contractors, and their employees are
not our employees. We provide training and support to, and monitor
the operations of, our franchisees, but the quality of their drive-in operations
may be diminished by any number of factors beyond our
control. Franchisees may not successfully operate drive-ins in a
manner consistent with our high standards and requirements, and franchisees may
not hire and train qualified managers and other restaurant
personnel. Any operational shortcoming of a Franchise Drive-In is
likely to be attributed by consumers to the entire Sonic brand, thus damaging
our reputation and potentially affecting revenues and
profitability.
Changes
in economic, market and other conditions could adversely affect Sonic and its
franchisees, and thereby Sonic’s operating results.
The
quick-service restaurant industry is affected by changes in economic conditions,
consumer tastes and preferences and spending patterns, demographic trends,
consumer perceptions of food safety, weather, traffic patterns, the type, number
and location of competing restaurants, and the effects of war or terrorist
activities and any governmental responses thereto. Factors such as
interest rates, inflation, gasoline prices, food costs, labor and benefit costs,
legal claims, and the availability of management and hourly employees also
affect restaurant operations and administrative expenses. Economic
conditions, including interest rates and other government policies impacting
land and construction costs and the cost and availability of borrowed funds,
affect our ability and our franchisees’ ability to finance new restaurant
development, improvements and additions to existing restaurants, and the
acquisition of restaurants from, and sale of restaurants to,
franchisees. Inflation can cause increased food, labor and benefits
costs and can increase our operating expenses. As operating expenses
increase, we recover increased costs by increasing menu prices, to the extent
permitted by competition, or by implementing alternative products or cost
reduction procedures. We cannot ensure, however, that we will be able
to recover increases in operating expenses due to inflation in this
manner.
Our
financial results may fluctuate depending on various factors, many of which are
beyond our control.
Our sales
and operating results can vary from quarter to quarter and year to year
depending on various factors, many of which are beyond our
control. Certain events and factors may directly and immediately
decrease demand for our products. If customer demand decreases
rapidly, our results of operations would also decline
precipitously. These events and factors include:
|
|
•
|
variations
in the timing and volume of Sonic Drive-Ins’
sales;
|
|
|
•
|
sales
promotions by Sonic and its
competitors;
|
|
|
•
|
changes
in average same-store sales and customer
visits;
|
|
|
•
|
variations
in the price, availability and shipping costs of supplies such as food
products;
|
|
|
•
|
seasonal
effects on demand for Sonic’s
products;
|
|
|
•
|
unexpected
slowdowns in new drive-in development
efforts;
|
|
|
•
|
changes
in competitive and economic conditions generally including increases in
energy costs;
|
|
|
•
|
changes
in the cost or availability of ingredients or
labor;
|
|
|
•
|
weather
and other acts of God; and
|
|
|
•
|
changes
in the number of franchise agreement
renewals.
|
Our
profitability may be adversely affected by increases in energy
costs.
Our
success depends in part on our ability to absorb increases in energy
costs. Various regions of the United States in which we operate
multiple drive-ins have experienced significant increases in energy
prices. If these increases continue to occur, it would have an
adverse effect on our profitability.
Shortages
or interruptions in the supply or delivery of perishable food products or rapid
price increases could adversely affect our operating results.
We are
dependent on frequent deliveries of perishable food products that meet certain
specifications. Shortages or interruptions in the supply of
perishable food products may be caused by unanticipated demand, problems in
production or distribution, acts of terrorism, financial or other difficulties
of suppliers, disease or food-borne illnesses, inclement weather or other
conditions. We purchase large quantities of food and supplies, which
can be subject to significant price fluctuations due to seasonal shifts, climate
conditions, industry demand, energy costs, changes in international commodity
markets and other factors. These shortages or rapid price increases
could adversely affect the availability, quality and cost of ingredients, which
would likely lower revenues and reduce our profitability.
Failure
to successfully implement our growth strategy could reduce, or reduce the growth
of, our revenue and net income.
We plan
to increase the number of Sonic Drive-Ins, but may not be able to achieve our
growth objectives, and any new drive-ins may not be profitable. The
opening and success of drive-ins depend on various factors,
including:
|
|
•
|
competition
from other restaurants in current and future
markets;
|
|
|
•
|
the
degree of saturation in existing
markets;
|
|
|
•
|
consumer
interest in the Sonic brand;
|
|
|
•
|
the
identification and availability of suitable and economically viable
locations;
|
|
|
•
|
sales
levels at existing drive-ins;
|
|
|
•
|
the
negotiation of acceptable lease or purchase terms for new
locations;
|
|
|
•
|
permitting
and regulatory compliance;
|
|
|
•
|
the
cost and availability of construction
resources;
|
|
|
•
|
the
ability to meet construction
schedules;
|
|
|
•
|
the
availability of qualified franchisees and their financial and other
development capabilities;
|
|
|
•
|
the
ability to hire and train qualified management
personnel;
|
|
|
•
|
general
economic and business conditions.
|
If we are
unable to open as many new drive-ins as planned, if the drive-ins are less
profitable than anticipated or if we are otherwise unable to successfully
implement our growth strategy, revenue and profitability may grow more slowly or
even decrease.
Our
outstanding and future leverage could have an effect on our
operations.
On
December 20, 2006, the Company closed on a securitized financing facility
comprised of a $600 million fixed rate term loan and a $200 million variable
rate revolving credit facility. As of August 31, 2008, we had $573.3
million in outstanding debt under the fixed rate note at an interest rate of
5.7% and $185 million outstanding under the variable rate note at an interest
rate of 3.7%.
Our
increased leverage could have the following consequences:
|
|
•
|
We
may be more vulnerable in the event of deterioration in our business, in
the restaurant industry or in the economy generally. In
addition, we may be limited in our flexibility in planning for or reacting
to changes in our business and the industry in which we
operate.
|
|
|
•
|
We
may be required to dedicate a substantial portion of our cash flow to the
payment of interest on our indebtedness, which could reduce the amount of
funds available for operations or development of new Partner Drive-Ins and
thus place us at a competitive disadvantage as compared with competitors
that are less highly leveraged.
|
|
|
•
|
From
time to time, we may engage in various capital markets, bank credit and
other financing activities to meet our cash requirements. We
may have difficulty obtaining additional financing at economically
acceptable interest rates.
|
|
|
•
|
Our
existing and future debt obligations may contain certain negative
covenants including limitations on liens, consolidations and mergers,
indebtedness, capital expenditures, asset dispositions, sale-leaseback
transactions, stock repurchases and transactions with affiliates, which
may reduce our flexibility in responding to changing business and economic
conditions.
|
|
|
•
|
Our
debt obligations are subject to customary rapid amortization events and
events of default. Although management does not anticipate an
event of default or any other event of noncompliance with the provisions
of the notes, if such an event occurred, the unpaid amounts outstanding
could become immediately due and
payable.
|
|
|
•
|
The
third-party insurance company that provides credit enhancements in the
form of financial guaranties of our fixed and variable rate note payments
is AA/Aa3 rated by Standard & Poor’s and Moody’s,
respectively. However, Moody’s has placed the insurer under
review for a possible downgrade. We are unable to determine the
impact a downgrade would have on our insurer’s financial
condition. However, if the insurance company were to become the
subject of insolvency or similar proceedings, our lenders would not be
required to fund our variable rate notes. In addition, an event
of default would occur if: (i) the insurance company were to become the
subject of insolvency or similar proceedings and (ii) the insurance policy
were not continued or sold to a third party (who would assume the
insurance company’s obligations under the policy), but instead were
terminated or canceled as a result of those proceedings. In an event of
default, all unpaid amounts under the fixed and variable rate notes could
become immediately due and payable only at the direction or consent of
holders with a majority of the outstanding principal. Such
acceleration of our debt could have a material adverse effect on our
liquidity if we were unable to negotiate mutually acceptable new terms
with our lenders or if alternate funding were not available to
us.
|
Sonic
Drive-Ins are subject to health, employment, environmental and other government
regulations, and failure to comply with existing or future government
regulations could expose us to litigation, damage to our reputation and lower
profits.
Sonic and
its franchisees are subject to various federal, state and local laws affecting
their businesses. The successful development and operation of
restaurants depends to a significant extent on the selection and acquisition of
suitable sites, which are subject to zoning, land use (including the placement
of drive-thru windows), environmental (including litter), traffic and other
regulations. Restaurant operations are also subject to licensing and
regulation by state and local departments relating to health, food preparation,
sanitation and safety standards, federal and state labor and immigration laws
(including applicable minimum wage requirements, overtime, working and safety
conditions and work authorization requirements), federal and state laws
prohibiting discrimination and other laws regulating the design and operation of
facilities, such as the Americans with Disabilities Act. If we fail
to comply with any of these laws, we may be subject to governmental action or
litigation, and our reputation could be accordingly harmed. Injury to
our reputation would, in turn, likely reduce revenues and profits.
In recent
years, there has been an increased legislative, regulatory and consumer focus on
nutrition and advertising practices in the food industry, particularly among
restaurants. As a result, we may become subject to regulatory
initiatives in the area of nutrition disclosure or advertising, such as
requirements to provide information about the nutritional content of our food
products, which could increase expenses. The operation of our
franchise system is also subject to franchise laws and regulations enacted by a
number of states and rules promulgated by the U.S. Federal Trade
Commission. Any future legislation regulating franchise relationships
may negatively affect our operations, particularly our relationship with our
franchisees. Failure to comply with new or existing franchise laws
and regulations in any jurisdiction or to obtain required government approvals
could result in a ban or temporary suspension on future franchise
sales. Changes in applicable accounting rules imposed by governmental
regulators or private governing bodies could also affect our reported results of
operations.
We are
subject to the Fair Labor Standards Act, which governs such matters as minimum
wage, overtime and other working conditions, along with the Americans with
Disabilities Act, various family leave mandates and a variety of other laws
enacted, or rules and regulations promulgated, by federal, state and local
governmental authorities that govern these and other employment
matters. We have experienced and expect further increases in payroll
expenses as a result of federal and state mandated increases in the minimum
wage, and although such increases are not expected to be material, there may be
material increases in the future. In addition, our vendors may be
affected by higher minimum wage standards, which may increase the price of goods
and services they supply to us.
Litigation
from customers, franchisees, employees and others could harm our reputation and
impact operating results.
Claims of
illness or injury relating to food quality or food handling are common in the
quick-service restaurant industry. In addition, class action lawsuits
have been filed, and may continue to be filed, against various quick-service
restaurants alleging, among other things, that quick-service restaurants have
failed to disclose the health risks associated with high-fat foods and that
quick-service restaurants’ marketing practices have encouraged
obesity. In addition to decreasing our sales and profitability and
diverting management resources, adverse publicity or a substantial judgment
against us could negatively impact our reputation, hindering the ability to
attract and retain qualified franchisees and grow the business.
Further,
we may be subject to employee, franchisee and other claims in the future based
on, among other things, discrimination, harassment, wrongful termination and
wage, rest break and meal break issues, including those relating to overtime
compensation.
We
may not be able to adequately protect our intellectual property, which could
decrease the value of our brand and products.
The
success of our business depends on the continued ability to use existing
trademarks, service marks and other components of our brand in order to increase
brand awareness and further develop branded products. All of the
steps we have taken to protect our intellectual property may not be
adequate.
Our
reputation and business could be materially harmed as a result of data
breaches.
Unauthorized
intrusion into portions of our computer systems or those of our franchisees that
process and store information related to customer transactions may result in the
theft of customer data. We rely on proprietary and commercially
available systems, software, tools and monitoring to provide security for
processing, transmission and storage of confidential customer information, such
as payment card and personal information. Further, the systems
currently used for transmission and approval of payment card transactions, and
the technology utilized in payment cards themselves, all of which can put
payment card data at risk, are determined and legally mandated by payment card
industry standards, not by us. Improper activities by third-parties,
advances in computer and software capabilities and encryption technology, new
tools and discoveries and other events or developments may facilitate or result
in a compromise or breach of our or our franchisees’ computer
systems. Any such compromises or breaches could cause interruptions
in our operations and damage to our reputation, subject us to costs and
liabilities and hurt sales, revenues and profits.
Ownership
and leasing of significant amounts of real estate exposes us to possible
liabilities and losses.
We own or
lease the land and building for all Partner Drive-Ins. Accordingly,
we are subject to all of the risks associated with owning and leasing real
estate. In particular, the value of our assets could decrease and our
costs could increase because of changes in the investment climate for real
estate, demographic trends and supply or demand for the use of our drive-ins,
which may result from competition from similar restaurants in the area, as well
as liability for environmental conditions. We generally cannot cancel
the leases, so if an existing or future Sonic Drive-In is not profitable, and we
decide to close it, we may nonetheless be committed to perform our obligations
under the applicable lease including, among other things, paying the base rent
for the balance of the lease term. In addition, as each of the leases
expires, we may fail to negotiate renewals, either on commercially acceptable
terms or at all, which could cause us to close drive-ins in desirable
locations.
Catastrophic
events may disrupt our business.
Unforeseen
events, including war, terrorism and other international conflicts, public
health issues, and natural disasters such as hurricanes, earthquakes, or other
adverse weather and climate conditions, whether occurring in the United States
or abroad, could disrupt our operations, disrupt the operations of franchisees,
suppliers or customers, or result in political or economic
instability. These events could reduce demand for our products or
make it difficult or impossible to receive products from suppliers.
None.
Of the
684
Partner Drive-Ins
operating as of August 31, 2008, we operated 271of them on property leased from
third-parties and
413 of them on property we own. The leases
expire on dates ranging from 2008 to 2028, with the majority of the leases
providing for renewal options. All leases provide for specified
monthly rental payments, and some of the leases call for additional rentals
based on sales volume. All leases require Sonic to maintain the
property and pay the cost of insurance and taxes.
Our
corporate headquarters are located in the Bricktown district of downtown
Oklahoma City. We have a 15-year lease to occupy approximately 83,000
square feet. The lease expires in November 2018 and has two five-year
renewal options. Sonic believes its properties are suitable for the
purposes for which they are being used.
The
Company is involved in various legal proceedings and has certain unresolved
claims pending. Based on the information currently available,
management believes that all claims currently pending are either covered by
insurance or would not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business
or financial condition.
Sonic did
not submit any matter during the fourth quarter of the Company’s last fiscal
year to a vote of Sonic’s stockholders, through the solicitation of proxies or
otherwise.
Identification
of Executive Officers
The
following table identifies the executive officers of the Company:
|
Name
|
Age
|
Position
|
Executive
Officer Since
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J.
Clifford Hudson
|
53
|
Chairman
of the Board of Directors and Chief Executive
Officer
|
June
1985
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
W.
Scott McLain
|
46
|
President
of Sonic Corp. and President of Sonic Industries Services
Inc.
|
April
1996
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Stephen
C. Vaughan
|
42
|
Executive
Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
|
January
1996
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E.
Edward Saroch
|
51
|
President
of Sonic Restaurants, Inc.
|
May
2008
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Michael
A. Perry
|
50
|
Executive
Vice President of Sonic Restaurants, Inc. and Sonic Industries Services
Inc.
|
August
2003
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Paige
S. Bass
|
39
|
Vice
President and General Counsel
|
January
2007
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Carolyn
C. Cummins
|
50
|
Vice
President of Compliance and Corporate Secretary
|
April
2004
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Terry
D. Harryman
|
43
|
Vice
President and Controller
|
January
1999
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Claudia
San Pedro
|
39
|
Vice
President of Investor Relations and Treasurer
|
January
2007
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sharon
T. Strickland
|
55
|
Vice
President of People
|
January
2008
|
Business
Experience
The
following sets forth the business experience of the executive officers of the
Company for at least the past five years:
J.
Clifford Hudson has served as the Company’s Chairman of the Board since January
2000 and Chief Executive Officer since April 1995. Mr. Hudson served
as President of the Company from April 1995 to January 2000 and reassumed that
position from November 2004 until May 2008. He has served in various
other offices with the Company since 1984. Mr. Hudson has served as a
Director of the Company since 1993. Mr. Hudson has served on the
Board of Trustees of the Ford Foundation since January 2006 and on the Board of
Trustees of the National Trust for Historic Preservation since January 2001,
where he now serves as Chairman of the Board.
W. Scott
McLain has served as President of the Company since May 2008. He also
has served as President of Sonic Industries Services Inc. since September
2004. He served as Executive Vice President of the Company from
September 2004 until May 2008. He served as the Company’s Executive
Vice President and Chief Financial Officer from January 2004 until November 2004
and as the Company’s Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer from
January 2000 until January 2004. Mr. McLain joined the Company in
1996.
Stephen
C. Vaughan has served as Executive Vice President of the Company and Chief
Financial Officer since August 2008 and was the Company’s Vice President and
Chief Financial Officer from November 2004 until August 2008. Mr.
Vaughan also served as Treasurer of the Company from November 2004 until April
2005. Mr. Vaughan served as Vice President of Planning and Analysis
and Treasurer from November 2001 until November 2004. He joined the
Company in 1992.
E. Edward
Saroch has served as President of Sonic Restaurants, Inc. since May
2008. He served as Senior Vice President of Field Services for Sonic
Industries Services Inc. from August 2005 until May 2008, and Vice President of
Field Services for Sonic Industries Services Inc. from September 2003 until
August 2005. Mr. Saroch joined the Company in 1995.
Michael
A. Perry has served as Executive Vice President of Sonic Restaurants, Inc. and
Sonic Industries Services Inc. since August 2008. He served as Chief
Operating Officer of Sonic Restaurants, Inc. and Sonic Industries Services Inc.
from May 2008 until August 2008. He served as President of Sonic
Restaurants, Inc. from September 2004 until May 2008 and as Senior Vice
President of Operations from August 2003 until September 2004. Mr.
Perry joined the Company in 1998.
Paige S.
Bass has served as Vice President and General Counsel of the Company since
January 2007. Ms. Bass joined the Company as Associate General
Counsel in April 2004. Prior to joining the Company, Ms. Bass was
employed
seven
years as an
associate with the law firm of Crowe & Dunlevy in Oklahoma City,
Oklahoma.
Carolyn
C. Cummins has served as the Company’s Corporate Secretary since January 2007
and as the Company’s Vice President of Compliance since April
2004. Ms. Cummins joined the Company as Assistant General Counsel in
January 1999.
Terry D.
Harryman has served as Vice President of the Company since January 2008 and as
the Company’s Controller since January 1999. Mr. Harryman has also
served as the Controller of Sonic Restaurants, Inc. and Sonic Industries
Services Inc. since January 2002. Mr. Harryman joined the Company in
1996.
Claudia
San Pedro has served as Vice President of Investor Relations and Treasurer of
the Company since January 2007 and as Treasurer of Sonic Industries Services
Inc. since November 2006. She served as the Director of the Oklahoma
Office of State Finance from June 2005 through November 2006. From
July 2003 to May 2005, Ms. San Pedro served as the Budget Division Director for
the Office of State Finance.
Sharon T.
Strickland has served as Vice President of People of the Company since January
2008. She served as Senior Director of Potential from August 2005
until January 2008. Ms. Strickland was a Human Resources Advisor for
Kerr-McGee Corporation from April 2004 until June 2005, and was Human Resources
Manager for Hydraulic Specialists, Inc. from April 2002 until April
2004.
PART II
Item
5.
Market for the Company’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder
Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Market
Information
The
Company’s common stock trades on the Nasdaq National Market (“Nasdaq”) under the
symbol “SONC.” The following table sets forth the high and low closing bids for
the Company’s common stock during each fiscal quarter within the two most recent
fiscal years as reported on Nasdaq.
|
Fiscal
Year Ended
August 31, 2008
|
|
High
|
|
|
Low
|
|
Fiscal
Year Ended
August 31, 2007
|
|
High
|
|
|
Low
|
|
|
First
Quarter
|
|
$
|
26.19
|
|
|
$
|
21.57
|
|
First
Quarter
|
|
$
|
24.23
|
|
|
$
|
21.55
|
|
|
Second
Quarter
|
|
$
|
24.65
|
|
|
$
|
18.53
|
|
Second
Quarter
|
|
$
|
24.75
|
|
|
$
|
21.24
|
|
|
Third
Quarter
|
|
$
|
23.33
|
|
|
$
|
18.54
|
|
Third
Quarter
|
|
$
|
25.09
|
|
|
$
|
20.58
|
|
|
Fourth
Quarter
|
|
$
|
19.38
|
|
|
$
|
12.50
|
|
Fourth
Quarter
|
|
$
|
24.98
|
|
|
$
|
20.02
|
|
Stockholders
As of
October 16, 2008, the Company had 670 record holders of its common
stock.
Dividends
The
Company did not pay any cash dividends on its common stock during its two most
recent fiscal years and does not intend to pay any dividends in the foreseeable
future as profits are reinvested in the Company to fund expansion of its
business, repurchases of the Company’s common stock, and payments under the
Company’s financing arrangements. As in the past, future payment of
dividends will be considered after reviewing, among other factors, returns to
stockholders, profitability expectations and financing needs.
Issuer
Purchases of Equity Securities
None.
Item
6
. Selected Financial Data
The
following table sets forth selected financial data regarding the Company’s
financial condition and operating results. One should read the
following information in conjunction with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis
of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” below, and the Company’s
Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this
report.
Selected
Financial Data
(In
thousands, except per share data)
|
|
|
Year
ended August 31,
|
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2005
(1)
|
|
|
2004
(1)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income
Statement Data:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Partner
Drive-In sales
|
|
$
|
671,151
|
|
|
$
|
646,915
|
|
|
$
|
585,832
|
|
|
$
|
525,988
|
|
|
$
|
449,585
|
|
|
Franchise
Drive-Ins:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Franchise
royalties
|
|
|
121,944
|
|
|
|
111,052
|
|
|
|
98,163
|
|
|
|
88,027
|
|
|
|
77,518
|
|
|
Franchise
fees
|
|
|
5,167
|
|
|
|
4,574
|
|
|
|
4,747
|
|
|
|
4,311
|
|
|
|
4,958
|
|
|
Other
|
|
|
6,451
|
|
|
|
7,928
|
|
|
|
4,520
|
|
|
|
4,740
|
|
|
|
4,385
|
|
|
Total
revenues
|
|
|
804,713
|
|
|
|
770,469
|
|
|
|
693,262
|
|
|
|
623,066
|
|
|
|
536,446
|
|
|
Cost
of Partner Drive-In sales
|
|
|
548,102
|
|
|
|
520,176
|
|
|
|
468,627
|
|
|
|
421,906
|
|
|
|
358,859
|
|
|
Selling,
general and administrative
|
|
|
61,179
|
|
|
|
58,736
|
|
|
|
52,048
|
|
|
|
47,503
|
|
|
|
44,765
|
|
|
Depreciation
and amortization
|
|
|
50,653
|
|
|
|
45,103
|
|
|
|
40,696
|
|
|
|
35,821
|
|
|
|
32,528
|
|
|
Provision
for impairment of long-lived assets
|
|
|
571
|
|
|
|
1,165
|
|
|
|
264
|
|
|
|
387
|
|
|
|
675
|
|
|
Total
expenses
|
|
|
660,505
|
|
|
|
625,180
|
|
|
|
561,635
|
|
|
|
505,617
|
|
|
|
436,827
|
|
|
Income
from operations
|
|
|
144,208
|
|
|
|
145,289
|
|
|
|
131,627
|
|
|
|
117,449
|
|
|
|
99,619
|
|
|
Debt
extinguishment and other costs
|
|
─
|
|
|
|
6,076
|
|
|
─
|
|
|
─
|
|
|
─
|
|
|
Interest
expense, net
|
|
|
47,927
|
|
|
|
38,330
|
|
|
|
7,578
|
|
|
|
5,785
|
|
|
|
6,378
|
|
|
Income
before income taxes
|
|
$
|
96,281
|
|
|
$
|
100,883
|
|
|
$
|
124,049
|
|
|
$
|
111,664
|
|
|
$
|
93,241
|
|
|
Net
income
|
|
$
|
60,319
|
|
|
$
|
64,192
|
|
|
$
|
78,705
|
|
|
$
|
70,443
|
|
|
$
|
58,031
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income
per share
(2)
:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
|
|
$
|
1.00
|
|
|
$
|
0.94
|
|
|
$
|
0.91
|
|
|
$
|
0.78
|
|
|
$
|
0.65
|
|
|
Diluted
|
|
$
|
.97
|
|
|
$
|
0.91
|
|
|
$
|
0.88
|
|
|
$
|
0.75
|
|
|
$
|
0.63
|
|
|
Weighted
average shares used in calculation
(2)
:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
|
|
|
60,403
|
|
|
|
68,019
|
|
|
|
86,260
|
|
|
|
89,992
|
|
|
|
88,970
|
|
|
Diluted
|
|
|
62,270
|
|
|
|
70,592
|
|
|
|
89,239
|
|
|
|
93,647
|
|
|
|
92,481
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance
Sheet Data:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Working
capital (deficit)
|
|
$
|
(13,115
|
)
|
|
$
|
(40,784
|
)
|
|
$
|
(35,585
|
)
|
|
$
|
(30,093
|
)
|
|
$
|
(14,537
|
)
|
|
Property,
equipment and capital leases, net
|
|
|
586,245
|
|
|
|
529,993
|
|
|
|
477,054
|
|
|
|
422,825
|
|
|
|
376,315
|
|
|
Total
assets
|
|
|
836,312
|
|
|
|
758,520
|
|
|
|
638,018
|
|
|
|
563,316
|
|
|
|
518,633
|
|
|
Obligations
under capital leases (including current portion)
|
|
|
37,385
|
|
|
|
39,318
|
|
|
|
36,625
|
|
|
|
38,525
|
|
|
|
40,531
|
|
|
Long-term
debt (including current portion)
|
|
|
759,422
|
|
|
|
710,743
|
|
|
|
122,399
|
|
|
|
60,195
|
|
|
|
82,169
|
|
|
Stockholders’
equity (deficit)
|
|
|
(64,116
|
)
|
|
|
(106,802
|
)
|
|
|
391,693
|
|
|
|
387,917
|
|
|
|
337,900
|
|
|
Cash
dividends declared per common share
|
|
─
|
|
|
─
|
|
|
─
|
|
|
─
|
|
|
─
|
|
|
(1)
|
Previously
reported prior-year results have been adjusted to implement SFAS 123R on a
modified retrospective basis.
|
|
(2)
|
Adjusted
for three-for-two stock splits in 2006 and
2004.
|
Item
7
. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition
and Results of Operations
Overview
Description
of the Business
.
Sonic operates
and franchises the largest chain of drive-in restaurants in the United
States. As of August 31, 2008, the Sonic system was comprised of
3,475 drive-ins, of which 20% were Partner Drive-Ins and 80% were Franchise
Drive-Ins. Sonic Drive-Ins feature signature menu items such as
specialty drinks and frozen desserts, made-to-order sandwiches and a unique
breakfast menu. We derive our revenues primarily from Partner
Drive-In sales and royalties from franchisees. We also receive
revenues from initial franchise fees, and to a lesser extent, from the selling
and leasing of signs and real estate.
Costs of
Partner Drive-In sales, including minority interest in earnings of drive-ins,
relate directly to Partner Drive-In sales. Other expenses, such as
depreciation, amortization, and general and administrative expenses, relate to
the Company’s franchising operations, as well as Partner Drive-In
operations. Our revenues and expenses are directly affected by the
number and sales volumes of Partner Drive-Ins. Our revenues and, to a
lesser extent, expenses also are affected by the number and sales volumes of
Franchise Drive-Ins. Initial franchise fees and franchise royalties
are directly affected by the number of Franchise Drive-In openings.
Overview
of Business Performance
.
Fiscal year 2008 marked our
22
nd
consecutive year of positive same store sales growth and earnings per share
increased slightly. Investments by franchisees in new and existing
development remained solid throughout the year, with the opening of 140 new
drive-ins, the relocation or rebuilding of 64 existing drive-ins, and the
completion of 800 retrofits for the fiscal year. We also opened the first Sonic
drive-ins in several new markets and new states with very strong opening
results.
Despite
the strength of our business in core and new markets, we face a number of
challenges in our transition from a regional to a national brand, particularly
in developing markets (which represent approximately 25% of all
drive-ins). In addition, the performance of our Partner Drive-Ins has
lagged behind our franchisees. Our profitability has also been negatively
impacted by the general business climate including low consumer sentiment and
rising commodity and labor costs.
As a
result, we plan to refine our strategy in the coming year including
refranchising underperforming Partner Drive-Ins and slowing the growth of new
Partner Drive-Ins. We believe reducing the number of Partner
Drive-Ins we operate will allow us to improve sales and operations for remaining
Partner Drive-Ins while we continue to emphasize new store development,
promotions and other initiatives to drive sales for the entire
system.
The
refranchising initiative is anticipated to occur over the next four years and
will target underperforming Partner Drive-Ins in core and developing
markets. Currently, Partner Drive-Ins comprise approximately 20% of the
entire system. Over time, accelerated expansion by franchisees, combined
with the refranchising and slower growth of Partner Drive-Ins, is anticipated to
reduce this number to 12% to 14% of the system. Increased development of
new Franchise Drive-Ins is expected to continue with particular emphasis on new
markets. Further, implementation of the franchise retrofit program will
continue to be an important initiative for the Sonic system. In addition
to refranchising efforts, other initiatives, such as increases in media
expenditures, new product news and improved sales performance of Partner
Drive-Ins, are expected to have a positive impact on earnings in fiscal year
2009.
The
growth and success of our business is built around implementation of our
multi-layered growth strategy, which features the following
components:
|
|
·
|
Positive
same-store sales growth fueled by the ongoing retrofit program, the
relocation and rebuilding of existing drive-ins and the installation of
electronic messaging signs;
|
|
|
·
|
Expansion
of the Sonic brand through new unit growth, particularly by
franchisees;
|
|
|
·
|
Increased
franchising income stemming from franchisee new unit growth, same-store
sales growth and our unique ascending royalty rate;
and
|
|
|
·
|
The
use of excess operating cash flow and proceeds from refranchising of
Partner Drive-Ins to pay down debt.
|
The
following table provides information regarding the number of Partner Drive-Ins
and Franchise Drive-Ins in operation as of the end of the periods indicated as
well as the system-wide growth in sales and average unit volume. System-wide
information includes both Partner Drive-In and Franchise Drive-In information,
which we believe is useful in analyzing the growth of the brand as well as the
Company’s revenues since franchisees pay royalties based on a percentage of
sales.
System-Wide
Performance
($
in thousands)
|
|
|
Year
Ended August 31,
|
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
Percentage
increase in sales
|
|
|
5.6
|
%
|
|
|
8.6
|
%
|
|
|
10.7
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
System-wide
drive-ins in operation
(1)
:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
at beginning of period
|
|
|
3,343
|
|
|
|
3,188
|
|
|
|
3,039
|
|
|
Opened
|
|
|
169
|
|
|
|
175
|
|
|
|
173
|
|
|
Closed
(net of re-openings)
|
|
|
(37
|
)
|
|
|
(20
|
)
|
|
|
(24
|
)
|
|
Total
at end of period
|
|
|
3,475
|
|
|
|
3,343
|
|
|
|
3,188
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Core
markets
(2)
|
|
|
2,602
|
|
|
|
2,500
|
|
|
|
2,435
|
|
|
Developing
markets
(2)
|
|
|
873
|
|
|
|
843
|
|
|
|
753
|
|
|
All
markets
|
|
|
3,475
|
|
|
|
3,343
|
|
|
|
3,188
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Average
sales per drive-in:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Core
markets
|
|
$
|
1,175
|
|
|
$
|
1,145
|
|
|
$
|
1,105
|
|
|
Developing
markets
|
|
|
973
|
|
|
|
998
|
|
|
|
954
|
|
|
All
markets
|
|
|
1,125
|
|
|
|
1,109
|
|
|
|
1,070
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Change
in same-store sales
(3)
:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Core
markets
|
|
|
2.4
|
%
|
|
|
3.6
|
%
|
|
|
5.3
|
%
|
|
Developing
markets
|
|
|
(5.2
|
%)
|
|
|
1.2
|
|
|
|
1.5
|
|
|
All
markets
|
|
|
0.9
|
%
|
|
|
3.1
|
|
|
|
4.5
|
|
|
(1)
|
Drive-ins
that are temporarily closed for various reasons (repairs, remodeling,
relocations, etc.) are not considered closed unless the Company determines
that they are unlikely to reopen within a reasonable
time.
|
|
(2)
|
Markets
are identified based on television viewing areas and further classified as
core or developing markets based upon number of drive-ins in a market and
the level of advertising support. Market classifications are
updated periodically.
|
|
(3)
|
Represents
percentage change for drive-ins open for a minimum of 15
months.
|
System-wide
same-store sales increased 0.9% during fiscal year 2008 as a result of slight
increases in traffic (number of transactions per drive-in) and average
check. The increase in traffic was aided by the system-wide
implementation of Happy Hour in November 2007, which features half-price drinks
from 2:00 pm to 4:00 pm every day.
The
Company continues to pursue specific sales-driving initiatives including, but
not limited to:
|
|
·
|
The
ongoing physical retrofit of drive-ins with a new
look;
|
|
|
·
|
The
relocation and rebuilding of existing drive-ins which often result in
significant sales increases;
|
|
|
·
|
The
ongoing installation of electronic messaging
signs;
|
|
|
·
|
Increasing
our share of sales in non-traditional day parts including the morning,
afternoon, and evening day parts;
|
|
|
·
|
Providing
an exceptional customer service
experience;
|
|
|
·
|
Using
technology to reach customers and improve the customer
experience;
|
|
|
·
|
Promoting
new products on a monthly basis focused on quality and expanded choice for
our customers; and
|
|
|
·
|
Growing
brand awareness through increased media spending and greater use of
network cable advertising.
|
During
fiscal year 2008, our system-wide media expenditures were approximately $190
million as compared to $175 million in fiscal year 2007, which we believe
continues to increase overall brand awareness. Approximately one-half
of our media dollars are spent on system-wide marketing fund efforts, which are
largely used for network cable television advertising. Expenditures
for national cable advertising increased from approximately $90 million in
fiscal year 2007 to approximately $95 million in fiscal year
2008. Increased network cable advertising provides several benefits
including the ability to more effectively target and better reach the cable
audience, which has now surpassed broadcast networks in terms of
viewers. In addition, national cable advertising also allows us to
bring additional depth to our media and expand our message beyond our
traditional emphasis on a single monthly promotion. The balance of
our system-wide media expenditures is focused on local store
advertising. Looking forward, we expect system-wide media
expenditures to exceed $200 million in fiscal 2009, with the system-wide
marketing fund representing approximately one-half of total media
expenditures.
The
following table provides information regarding drive-in development across the
system. Retrofits represent investments to upgrade the exterior look
of our drive-ins, typically including an upgraded building exterior, new more
energy-efficient lighting, a significantly enhanced patio area, and improved
menu housings.
|
|
|
Year
ended
August
31,
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
New
drive-ins:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Partner
|
|
|
29
|
|
|
|
29
|
|
|
|
35
|
|
|
Franchise
|
|
|
140
|
|
|
|
146
|
|
|
|
138
|
|
|
System-wide
|
|
|
169
|
|
|
|
175
|
|
|
|
173
|
|
|
Rebuilds/relocations:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Partner
|
|
|
5
|
|
|
|
7
|
|
|
|
6
|
|
|
Franchise
|
|
|
64
|
|
|
|
35
|
|
|
|
11
|
|
|
System-wide
|
|
|
69
|
|
|
|
42
|
|
|
|
17
|
|
|
Retrofits,
including rebuilds/relocations:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Partner
|
|
|
167
|
|
|
|
175
|
|
|
|
120
|
|
|
Franchise
|
|
|
800
|
|
|
|
316
|
|
|
|
12
|
|
|
System-wide
|
|
|
967
|
|
|
|
491
|
|
|
|
132
|
|
Results
of Operations
Revenues
.
The following
table sets forth the components of revenue for the reported periods and the
relative change between the comparable periods.
Revenues
($
in thousands)
|
Year
Ended August 31,
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
Increase/
(Decrease)
|
|
|
Percent
Increase/
(Decrease)
|
|
|
Revenues:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Partner
Drive-In sales
|
|
$
|
671,151
|
|
|
$
|
646,915
|
|
|
$
|
24,236
|
|
|
|
3.8
|
%
|
|
Franchise
revenues:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Franchise
royalties
|
|
|
121,944
|
|
|
|
111,052
|
|
|
|
10,892
|
|
|
|
9.8
|
|
|
Franchise
fees
|
|
|
5,167
|
|
|
|
4,574
|
|
|
|
593
|
|
|
|
13.0
|
|
|
Other
|
|
|
6,451
|
|
|
|
7,928
|
|
|
|
(1,477
|
)
|
|
|
(18.6
|
)
|
|
Total
revenues
|
|
$
|
804,713
|
|
|
$
|
770,469
|
|
|
$
|
34,244
|
|
|
|
4.4
|
|
|
Year
Ended August 31,
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
Increase/
(Decrease)
|
|
|
Percent
Increase/
(Decrease)
|
|
|
Revenues:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Partner
Drive-In sales
|
|
$
|
646,915
|
|
|
$
|
585,832
|
|
|
$
|
61,083
|
|
|
|
10.4
|
%
|
|
Franchise
revenues:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Franchise
royalties
|
|
|
111,052
|
|
|
|
98,163
|
|
|
|
12,889
|
|
|
|
13.1
|
|
|
Franchise
fees
|
|
|
4,574
|
|
|
|
4,747
|
|
|
|
(173
|
)
|
|
|
(3.6
|
)
|
|
Other
|
|
|
7,928
|
|
|
|
4,520
|
|
|
|
3,408
|
|
|
|
75.4
|
|
|
Total
revenues
|
|
$
|
770,469
|
|
|
$
|
693,262
|
|
|
$
|
77,207
|
|
|
|
11.1
|
|
The
following table reflects the growth in Partner Drive-In sales and changes in
comparable drive-in sales for Partner Drive-Ins. It also presents
information about average unit volumes and the number of Partner Drive-Ins,
which is useful in analyzing the growth of Partner Drive-In sales.
Partner
Drive-In Sales
($
in thousands)
|
|
|
Year
Ended August 31,
|
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
Partner
Drive-In sales
|
|
$
|
671,151
|
|
|
$
|
646,915
|
|
|
$
|
585,832
|
|
|
Percentage
increase
|
|
|
3.8
|
%
|
|
|
10.4
|
%
|
|
|
11.4
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Partner
Drive-Ins in operation
(1)
:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
at beginning of period
|
|
|
654
|
|
|
|
623
|
|
|
|
574
|
|
|
Opened
|
|
|
29
|
|
|
|
29
|
|
|
|
35
|
|
|
Acquired
from (sold to) franchisees, net
|
|
|
6
|
|
|
|
5
|
|
|
|
15
|
|
|
Closed
|
|
|
(5
|
)
|
|
|
(3
|
)
|
|
|
(1
|
)
|
|
Total
at end of period
|
|
|
684
|
|
|
|
654
|
|
|
|
623
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Average
sales per Partner Drive-In
|
|
$
|
1,007
|
|
|
$
|
1,017
|
|
|
$
|
980
|
|
|
Percentage
increase
|
|
|
(1.0
|
%)
|
|
|
3.8
|
%
|
|
|
2.4
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Change
in same-store sales
(2)
|
|
|
(1.6
|
%)
|
|
|
2.5
|
%
|
|
|
1.9
|
%
|
|
(1)
|
Drive-ins
that are temporarily closed for various reasons (repairs, remodeling,
relocations, etc.) are not considered closed unless the Company determines
that they are unlikely to reopen within a reasonable
time.
|
|
(2)
|
Represents
percentage change for drive-ins open for a minimum of 15
months.
|
For
fiscal year 2008, Partner Drive-In sales increased 3.8%. The increase
was comprised of sales from newly constructed drive-ins and acquired drive-ins,
offset by the decrease in sales from lower same-store sales. During
fiscal year 2007, Partner Drive-In sales increased 10.4%. The
majority of this increase came from sales for newly constructed drive-ins as
well as increases in same-store sales.
During
fiscal year 2008, same-store sales at Partner Drive-Ins declined 1.6%, as
compared to the 0.9% increase for the system. The Company believes
the declining performance at Partner Drive-Ins is attributable, at least in
part, to consumer reaction to aggressive price increases taken last year
combined with a decline in service. Since the deterioration in
performance became apparent during the third quarter, several actions have been
taken, including an organizational restructure (management and other personnel
changes) as well as a simplified incentive compensation plan, which strengthens
the partnership program and places increased emphasis on customer service,
particularly at the assistant manager level. In addition, we are
implementing a more strategic approach to pricing. These efforts are
expected to have a positive impact on Partner Drive-In sales.
The
following table reflects the growth in franchise income (franchise royalties and
franchise fees) as well as franchise sales, average unit volumes and the number
of Franchise Drive-Ins. While we do not record Franchise Drive-In
sales as revenues, we believe this information is important in understanding our
financial performance since these sales are the basis on which we calculate and
record franchise royalties. This information is also indicative of
the financial health of our franchisees.
Franchise
Information
($
in thousands)
|
|
|
Year
Ended August 31,
|
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
Franchise
fees and royalties
(1)
|
|
$
|
127,111
|
|
|
$
|
115,626
|
|
|
$
|
102,910
|
|
|
Percentage
increase
|
|
|
9.9
|
%
|
|
|
12.4
|
%
|
|
|
11.4
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Franchise
Drive-Ins in operation
(2)
:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
at beginning of period
|
|
|
2,689
|
|
|
|
2,565
|
|
|
|
2,465
|
|
|
Opened
|
|
|
140
|
|
|
|
146
|
|
|
|
138
|
|
|
Acquired
from (sold to) Company, net
|
|
|
(6
|
)
|
|
|
(5
|
)
|
|
|
(15
|
)
|
|
Closed
|
|
|
(32
|
)
|
|
|
(17
|
)
|
|
|
(23
|
)
|
|
Total
at end of period
|
|
|
2,791
|
|
|
|
2,689
|
|
|
|
2,565
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Franchise
Drive-In sales
|
|
$
|
3,139,996
|
|
|
$
|
2,961,168
|
|
|
$
|
2,735,802
|
|
|
Percentage
increase
|
|
|
6.0
|
%
|
|
|
8.2
|
%
|
|
|
10.6
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Effective
royalty rate
|
|
|
3.88
|
%
|
|
|
3.75
|
%
|
|
|
3.59
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Average
sales per Franchise Drive-In
|
|
$
|
1,154
|
|
|
$
|
1,132
|
|
|
$
|
1,092
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Change
in same-store sales
(3)
|
|
|
1.4
|
%
|
|
|
3.3
|
%
|
|
|
5.1
|
%
|
|
(1)
|
See
Revenue Recognition
Related to Franchise Fees and Royalties
in the
Critical Accounting Policies
and Estimates
section of Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of
Operations.
|
|
(2)
|
Drive-ins
that are temporarily closed for various reasons (repairs, remodeling,
relocations, etc.) are not considered closed unless the Company determines
that they are unlikely to reopen within a reasonable
time.
|
|
(3)
|
Represents
percentage change for drive-ins open for a minimum of 15
months.
|
Franchise
royalties experienced a 9.9% increase related primarily to royalties from new
Franchise Drive-Ins and the increasing effective royalty rate. A
smaller portion of the increase relates to growth in same-store sales at
Franchise Drive-Ins.
The
increase in the effective royalty rate includes the beneficial impact from the
conversion of licenses for approximately 790 Franchise Drive-Ins in April
2007. These conversions resulted in the franchisees paying a higher
royalty rate in exchange for the extension of their license term.
Franchisees
opened 140 new drive-ins in fiscal year 2008, down from 146 new drive-ins in
fiscal year 2007. However, franchisee investment in existing drive-ins increased
considerably during fiscal year 2008, including the relocation or rebuild of 64
drive-ins (versus 35 in the prior year) and the retrofit of 800 drive-ins
(versus 316 in fiscal year 2007). Despite the decrease in new
drive-ins opened, franchise fees increased 13.0% to $5.2
million. Fees associated with the termination of area development
agreements increased $0.5 million in fiscal year 2008 compared to prior
year. These termination fees were the primary reason for the
year-over-year increase in overall franchise fees, and despite the termination
of some of these agreements, the number of drive-ins expected to be built in
connection with such agreements has increased over the prior
year. For fiscal year 2007, franchise fees decreased 3.6% as a result
of approximately $0.3 million more in fees recognized in fiscal year 2006 from
terminations of area development agreements.
Other
income decreased 18.6% to $6.5 million in fiscal year 2008 from $7.9 million in
fiscal year 2007. The decrease relates primarily to the net favorable
impact of non-income tax matters recognized in fiscal year 2007 with no
comparable benefit in fiscal year 2008.
Operating
Expenses
.
The following
table presents the overall costs of drive-in operations, as a percentage of
Partner Drive-In sales. Minority interest in earnings of Partner
Drive-Ins is included as a part of cost of sales, in the table below, since it
is directly related to Partner Drive-In operations.
Restaurant-Level
Margins
|
|
|
Year
ended
August
31,
|
|
|
Percentage
points
Increase/
|
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
(Decrease)
|
|
|
Costs
and expenses:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Partner
Drive-Ins:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Food
and packaging
|
|
|
26.5
|
%
|
|
|
25.7
|
%
|
|
|
0.8
|
|
|
Payroll
and other employee benefits
|
|
|
31.1
|
|
|
|
30.4
|
|
|
|
0.7
|
|
|
Minority
interest in earnings of Partner Drive-Ins
|
|
|
3.3
|
|
|
|
4.1
|
|
|
|
(0.8
|
)
|
|
Other
operating expenses
|
|
|
20.9
|
|
|
|
20.1
|
|
|
|
0.8
|
|
|
|
|
|
81.8
|
%
|
|
|
80.3
|
%
|
|
|
1.5
|
|
|
|
|
Year
ended
August
31,
|
|
|
Percentage
points
Increase/
|
|
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
(Decrease)
|
|
|
Costs
and expenses:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Partner
Drive-Ins:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Food
and packaging
|
|
|
25.7
|
%
|
|
|
25.9
|
%
|
|
|
(0.2
|
)
|
|
Payroll
and other employee benefits
|
|
|
30.4
|
|
|
|
30.0
|
|
|
|
0.4
|
|
|
Minority
interest in earnings of Partner Drive-Ins
|
|
|
4.1
|
|
|
|
4.3
|
|
|
|
(0.2
|
)
|
|
Other
operating expenses
|
|
|
20.1
|
|
|
|
19.8
|
|
|
|
0.3
|
|
|
|
|
|
80.3
|
%
|
|
|
80.0
|
%
|
|
|
0.3
|
|
Restaurant-level
margins declined overall in fiscal year 2008 as a result of higher commodity
prices, higher labor costs driven by minimum wage increases and the
de-leveraging impact of lower same-store sales. These negative
impacts were offset by the decline in minority partners’ share of earnings
reflecting the margin pressures described above. Looking forward, the
Company expects the cost pressures to continue into 2009 as another increase in
the minimum wage occurred in July 2008 and commodity cost pressures are
ongoing.
Selling,
General and Administrative (“SG&A”)
.
SG&A
expenses increased 4.2% to $61.2 million during fiscal year 2008 and 12.8% to
$58.7 million during fiscal year 2007 reflecting, in part, ongoing efforts to
manage expenses with slowing revenue growth. Headcount additions,
offset by reduced management bonuses, were the primary contributor to the
increase for fiscal year 2008. The increase in fiscal year 2007
related to the addition of headcount and other infrastructure to support growth
of our business. As a percentage of total revenues, SG&A expenses
remained relatively constant at 7.6% in both fiscal year 2008 and 2007 and 7.5%
in fiscal year 2006. Stock-based compensation is included in
SG&A, and, as of August 31, 2008, total remaining unrecognized compensation
cost related to unvested stock-based arrangements was $13.4 million and is
expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.7
years. See Note 1 and Note 12 of the Notes to the Consolidated
Financial Statements included in this Form 10-K for additional information
regarding our stock-based compensation.
Depreciation
and Amortization
.
Depreciation and
amortization expense increased 12.3% to $50.7 million in fiscal year 2008
primarily as a result of additional capital expenditures for newly-constructed
Partner Drive-Ins, the retrofit and relocation of existing Partner Drive-Ins and
the acquisition of Franchise Drive-Ins. Depreciation and amortization
expense increased 10.8% to $45.1 million in fiscal year 2007 due, in part, to
additional depreciation stemming from acquisitions, as well as the reduction in
remaining useful life for certain assets related to the retrofit of Partner
Drive-Ins in the late 1990s. Capital expenditures during fiscal year 2008 were
$127.2 million, including $20.9 million related to the acquisition of drive-ins
from franchisees. For fiscal year 2009, capital expenditures are
expected to be approximately $60 to $70 million.
Provision
for Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
.
We assess
drive-in assets for impairment on a quarterly basis under the guidelines of SFAS
144 – “Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived
Assets.” During fiscal year 2008, seven properties were impaired,
resulting in charges of $0.6 million to reduce the carrying cost of the related
assets to estimated fair value. During fiscal year 2007, five
properties were impaired which resulted in charges of $1.2 million to reduce the
carrying cost of the assets to estimated fair value. During fiscal
year 2006, three properties were impaired which resulted in a provision for
impairment of $0.3 million for carrying cost in excess of estimated fair value
for the assets. We continue to perform quarterly analyses of certain
underperforming drive-ins. It is reasonably possible that the estimate of future
cash flows associated with these drive-ins could change in the future resulting
in the need to write-down assets associated with one or more of these drive-ins
to fair value. While it is impossible to predict if future write
downs will occur, we do not believe that future write-downs will impede our
ability to continue growing earnings at a solid rate.
Interest
Expense
.
Net interest
expense increased $3.5 million to $47.9 million in fiscal year 2008 and
increased $36.8 million to $44.4 million in fiscal year 2007. The
increase in fiscal year 2008 is the result of interest on increased borrowings
primarily used to fund share repurchases earlier in the year and drive-in
acquisitions from franchisees. The increase in fiscal year 2007 was the result
of interest on increased borrowings used to fund the purchase of shares in the
Company’s tender offer and subsequent repurchases, as well as $6.1 million in
debt extinguishment charges related to financing the Company’s tender offer and
other share repurchase activities.
Income
taxes
. The provision for income taxes increased for fiscal
year 2008 with an effective federal and state tax rate of 37.4% compared with
36.4% in fiscal year 2007 and 36.6% in fiscal year 2006. The lower rate in
fiscal year 2007 related to the favorable resolution of state tax matters and
the retroactive extension of the Work Opportunity Tax Credit. Our tax
rate may continue to vary significantly from quarter to quarter depending on the
timing of option exercises and dispositions by option-holders and as
circumstances on individual tax matters change.
Financial
Position
During
fiscal year 2008, current assets increased 34.9% to $99.4 million compared to
$73.7 million as of the end of fiscal year 2007. Cash balances
increased by $20.3 million primarily as a result of advances taken on the
Company’s variable credit facility to ensure adequate liquidity for the
Company’s short-term financing needs. In addition, the combination of
current and non-current notes receivable increased $3.7 million, primarily as a
result of proceeds of $4.1 million in transit at year-end for the sale of two
drive-ins to a franchisee. Net property and equipment increased by
$56.3 million primarily as a result of capital expenditures of $127.2 million,
which includes $20.9 million related to the acquisition of drive-ins, offset by
depreciation of $50.2 million, and sales and retirement of assets for the
balance of the change. Debt origination costs decreased by $4.8
million as a result of amortizing these fees over the expected financing term of
the debt. These changes combined with the increase in current assets
resulted in a 10.3% increase in total assets to $836.3 million as of the end of
fiscal year 2008.
Total
current liabilities decreased $1.9 million or 1.7% during fiscal year 2008
primarily as a result of an $18.2 million increase in the current portion of the
securitized debt based on increasing principal payment
requirements. This increase was offset by decreases resulting from
settlement of $14.4 million in accrued share repurchases entered into in August
2007 that settled in September, as well as a general decline in payables
associated with slower sales relative to the prior year and the timing of
payments. The noncurrent portion of long-term debt increased $30.5
million as a result of debt primarily used to fund the repurchase of stock and
drive-in acquisitions. Overall, total liabilities increased $35.1
million or 4.1% as a result of the items discussed above.
Stockholders’
deficit decreased $42.7 million or 40.0% during fiscal year
2008. Earnings of $60.3 million, along with $15.6 million for the
combination of stock compensation and the proceeds and related tax benefits from
the exercise of stock options, decreased the stockholders’
deficit. These decreases were offset by treasury stock transactions
totaling $32.7 million, along with the reduction in retained earnings of $1.2
million for adoption of FIN48 in the first fiscal quarter.
Liquidity
and Sources of Capital
Operating
Cash Flows
.
Net cash
provided by operating activities increased $6.1 million or 5.1% to $127.1
million in fiscal year 2008 as compared to $121.0 million in fiscal year
2007. This increase generally results from growth in operating
results as reflected by the increase in net income before the effect of
depreciation and amortization. The prior fiscal year also reflected
$9.0 million as an outflow from operating cash flows to restricted cash,
compared to a small inflow back to operating cash for reductions to restricted
amounts for fiscal year 2008.
Investing
Cash Flows.
Net cash used in
investing activities increased $12.5 million or 13.2% to $107.1 million in
fiscal year 2008 as compared to $94.6 million in fiscal year
2007. During fiscal year 2008, we opened 29 newly-constructed Partner
Drive-Ins, acquired 18 drive-ins from franchisees and sold 12 drive-ins to
franchisees. The acquisition of 18 drive-ins was funded from cash
generated by operating activities and borrowing for a total of $20.9
million. The following table sets forth the components of our
investments in capital additions for fiscal year 2008 (in
millions):
|
New
Partner Drive-Ins, including drive-ins under construction
|
|
$
|
43.6
|
|
|
Retrofits,
drive-thru additions and LED signs in existing drive-ins
|
|
|
27.3
|
|
|
Rebuilds,
relocations and remodels of existing drive-ins
|
|
|
13.9
|
|
|
Replacement
equipment for existing drive-ins and other
|
|
|
20.6
|
|
|
Total
investing cash flows for capital additions
|
|
$
|
105.4
|
|
During
fiscal year 2008, we purchased the real estate for 19 of the 29 newly
constructed drive-ins.
Financing
Cash Flows.
Net cash used in
financing activities decreased by $9.4 million or 88.7% to $1.2 million in
fiscal year 2008 as compared to $10.6 million in fiscal year
2007. The Company has a securitized financing facility of Variable
Funding Notes that provides for the issuance of up to $200.0 million in
borrowings and certain other credit instruments, including letters of
credit. As of August 31, 2008, our outstanding balance under the
Variable Funding Notes totaled $185.0 million at an effective borrowing rate of
3.69%, as well as $0.3 million in outstanding letters of credit. The
amount available under this variable credit facility as of August 31, 2008, was
$14.7 million. A lender who committed to advance one-half of the
funds for the Variable Funding Notes, filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy on
September 15, 2008, at which time the available balance was $24.7
million. The remaining balance of the lender’s commitment of $12.5
million may no longer be available, depending on how the commitment is
ultimately resolved in the bankruptcy proceedings. The financial
status of the remaining lender appears solid and the Company believes it will be
able to access the other half of the available funding. The Company
was aware of possible issues with the lender before August 31, 2008 and had
taken advances that were held in cash to ensure liquidity for short-term
financing needs.
Despite
recent challenges with Partner Drive-In operations, operating cash flows remain
healthy and we believe that cash flows from operations, along with existing cash
balances, will be adequate for mandatory repayment of any long-term debt and
funding of planned capital expenditures in fiscal year 2009. See Note
9 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information
regarding our long-term debt.
Our
variable and fixed rate notes are subject to a series of covenants and
restrictions customary for transactions of this type, including (i) required
actions to better secure collateral upon the occurrence of certain
performance-related events, (ii) application of certain disposition proceeds as
note prepayments after a set time is allowed for reinvestment, (iii) maintenance
of specified reserve accounts, (iv) maintenance of certain debt service coverage
ratios, (v) optional and mandatory prepayments upon change in control, (vi)
indemnification payments for defective or ineffective collateral, and (vii)
covenants relating to recordkeeping, access to information and similar
matters. The notes are also subject to customary rapid amortization
events and events of default. Although management does not anticipate
an event of default or any other event of noncompliance with the provisions of
the debt, if such an event occurred, the unpaid amounts outstanding could become
immediately due and payable. See Note 1 –
Restricted Cash
of the Notes
to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding
restrictions on cash.
Under the
share repurchase program authorized by our Board of Directors, the Company
acquired 1.5 million shares for a total cost of $32.2 million during fiscal
2008. In addition to the current-year share repurchases, $14.4
million in share repurchases entered into at the end of fiscal year 2007 were
settled and paid in fiscal year 2008. The share repurchase program
expired August 31, 2008.
We plan
capital expenditures of approximately $60 to $70 million in fiscal year 2009,
excluding potential share repurchases. These capital expenditures primarily
relate to the development of additional Partner Drive-Ins, retrofit of existing
Partner Drive-Ins and other drive-in level expenditures. We expect to fund these
capital expenditures through cash flow from operations as well as cash on
hand.
As of
August 31, 2008, our total cash balance of $70.4 million reflected the impact of
the cash generated from operating activities, borrowing activity, including
additional advances on our credit facility at year-end, and capital expenditures
mentioned above. We believe that existing cash and funds generated
from operations, as well as borrowings under the Variable Funding Notes, will
meet our needs for the foreseeable future.
Off-Balance
Sheet Arrangements
The
Company has obligations for guarantees on certain franchisee loans and lease
agreements. See Note 16 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for
additional information about these guarantees. Other than such guarantees and
various operating leases, which are disclosed more fully in “Contractual
Obligations and Commitments” below and Note 6 to our Consolidated Financial
Statements, the Company has no other material off-balance sheet
arrangements.
Contractual
Obligations and Commitments
In the
normal course of business, Sonic enters into purchase contracts, lease
agreements and borrowing arrangements. Our commitments and
obligations as of August 31, 2008 are summarized in the following
table:
Payments
Due by Period
(In
Thousands)
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
Less
than
1
Year
|
|
|
1
– 3
Years
|
|
|
3
– 5
Years
|
|
|
More
than
5
Years
|
|
|
Contractual
Obligations
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Long-term
debt
(1)
|
|
$
|
1,057,188
|
|
|
$
|
70,363
|
|
|
$
|
183,434
|
|
|
$
|
803,199
|
|
|
$
|
192
|
|
|
Capital
leases
|
|
|
52,987
|
|
|
|
5,571
|
|
|
|
10,989
|
|
|
|
10,280
|
|
|
|
26,147
|
|
|
Operating
leases
|
|
|
195,220
|
|
|
|
12,152
|
|
|
|
23,707
|
|
|
|
22,672
|
|
|
|
136,689
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
1,305,395
|
|
|
$
|
88,086
|
|
|
$
|
218,130
|
|
|
$
|
836,151
|
|
|
$
|
163,028
|
|
|
(1)
|
The
fixed-rate interest payments included in the table above assume that the
related notes will be outstanding for the expected six-year term, and all
other fixed-rate notes will be held to maturity. Interest
payments associated with variable-rate debt have not been included in the
table. Assuming the amounts outstanding under the variable-rate
notes as of August 31, 2008 are held to maturity, and utilizing interest
rates in effect at August 31, 2008, the interest payments will be
approximately $6.8 million on an annual basis through December
2013.
|
Impact
of Inflation
We have
experienced impact from inflation. Inflation has caused increased food, labor
and benefits costs and has increased our operating expenses. To the extent
permitted by competition, increased costs are recovered through a combination of
menu price increases and reviewing, then implementing, alternative products or
processes, or by implementing other cost reduction procedures.
Seasonality
We do not
expect seasonality to affect our operations in a materially adverse
manner. Our results during the second fiscal quarter (the months of
December, January and February) generally are lower than other quarters because
of the climate of the locations of a number of Partner and Franchise
Drive-Ins.
Critical
Accounting Policies and Estimates
The
Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
included in this document contain information that is pertinent to management's
discussion and analysis. The preparation of financial statements in conformity
with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to use its
judgment to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of
assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities.
These assumptions and estimates could have a material effect on our financial
statements. We evaluate our assumptions and estimates on an ongoing
basis using historical experience and various other factors that are believed to
be relevant under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from
these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
We
annually review our financial reporting and disclosure practices and accounting
policies to ensure that our financial reporting and disclosures provide accurate
and transparent information relative to the current economic and business
environment. We believe that of our significant accounting policies
(see Note 1 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements), the following
policies involve a higher degree of risk, judgment and/or
complexity.
Impairment
of Long-Lived Assets
.
We
review Partner Drive-In and other long-lived assets for impairment when events
or circumstances indicate they might be impaired. We test for impairment using
historical cash flows and other relevant facts and circumstances as the primary
basis for our estimates of future cash flows. This process requires
the use of estimates and assumptions, which are subject to a high degree of
judgment. In addition, at least annually, we assess the recoverability of
goodwill and other intangible assets related to our brand and drive-ins. These
impairment tests require us to estimate fair values of our brand and our
drive-ins by making assumptions regarding future cash flows and other
factors. During fiscal year 2008, we reviewed Partner Drive-Ins and
other long-lived assets with combined carrying amounts of $26.1 million in
property, equipment and capital leases for possible impairment, and our cash
flow assumptions resulted in impairment charges totaling $0.6 million to write
down certain assets to their estimated fair value. During the fourth
quarter of fiscal year 2008, we performed our annual assessment of
recoverability of goodwill and other intangible assets and determined that no
impairment was indicated. As of August 31, 2008, goodwill and
intangible assets totaled $118.2 million. If these assumptions change
in the future, we may be required to record impairment charges for these
assets.
Ownership
Program
.
Our
drive-in philosophy stresses an ownership relationship with supervisors and
drive-in managers. Most supervisors and managers of Partner Drive-Ins
own an equity interest in the drive-in, which is financed by third
parties. Supervisors and managers are neither employees of Sonic nor
of the drive-in in which they have an ownership interest.
The
minority ownership interests in Partner Drive-Ins of the managers and
supervisors are recorded as a minority interest liability on the Consolidated
Balance Sheets, and their share of the drive-in earnings is reflected as
minority interest in earnings of Partner Drive-Ins in the costs and expenses
section of the Consolidated Statements of Income. The ownership
agreements contain provisions, which give Sonic the right, but not the
obligation, to purchase the minority interest of the supervisor or manager in a
drive-in. The amount of the investment made by a partner and the
amount of the buy-out are based on a number of factors, including primarily the
drive-in’s financial performance for the preceding 12 months, and are intended
to approximate the fair value of a minority interest in the
drive-in.
The
Company acquires and sells minority interests in Partner Drive-Ins from time to
time as managers and supervisors buy out and buy in to the partnerships or
limited liability companies. If the purchase price of a minority
interest that we acquire exceeds the net book value of the assets underlying the
partnership interest, the excess is recorded as goodwill. The
acquisition of a minority interest for less than book value is recorded as a
reduction in purchased goodwill. When the Company sells a minority
interest, the sales price is typically in excess of the book value of the
partnership interest, and the difference is recorded as a reduction of
goodwill. If the book value exceeds the sales price, the excess is
recorded as goodwill. In either case, no gain or loss is recognized
on the sale of the minority ownership interest. Goodwill created as a
result of the acquisition of minority interests in Partner Drive-Ins is not
amortized but is tested annually for impairment under the provisions of SFAS
142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets.”
Revenue
Recognition Related to Franchise Fees and Royalties
. Initial
franchise fees are recognized in income when we have substantially performed or
satisfied all material services or conditions relating to the sale of the
franchise and the fees are nonrefundable. Area development fees are
nonrefundable and are recognized in income on a pro-rata basis when the
conditions for revenue recognition under the individual area development
agreements are met. Both initial franchise fees and area development fees are
generally recognized upon the opening of a Franchise Drive-In or upon
termination of the agreement between Sonic and the franchisee.
Our
franchisees are required under the provisions of the license agreements to pay
royalties to Sonic each month based on a percentage of actual net
sales. However, the royalty payments and supporting financial
statements are not due until the 10
th
of the
following month for the new form of license agreement (Number 7) and the 20
th
of the
following month for all prior forms of license agreement. As a
result, we accrue royalty revenue in the month earned based on estimates of
Franchise Drive-Ins sales. These estimates are based on projections
of average unit volume growth at Franchise Drive-Ins collected from a majority
of Franchise Drive-Ins.
Accounting
for Stock-Based Compensation
.
We account for
stock-based compensation in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting
Standards No. 123 (revised 2004), “Share-Based Payment” (“SFAS
123R”). We estimate the fair value of options granted using the
Black-Scholes option pricing model along with the assumptions shown in Note 12
of Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form
10-K. The assumptions used in computing the fair value of share-based
payments reflect our best estimates, but involve uncertainties relating to
market and other conditions, many of which are outside of our
control. We estimate expected volatility based on historical daily
price changes of the Company’s stock for a period equal to the current expected
term of the options. The expected option term is the number of years
the Company estimates that options will be outstanding prior to exercise
considering vesting schedules and our historical exercise
patterns. If other assumptions or estimates had been used, the
stock-based compensation expense that was recorded during fiscal year 2008 could
have been materially different. Furthermore, if different assumptions
are used in future periods, stock-based compensation expense could be materially
impacted.
Income
Taxes
. We estimate certain components of our provision for
income taxes. These estimates include, among other items,
depreciation and amortization expense allowable for tax purposes, allowable tax
credits for items such as wages paid to certain employees, effective rates for
state and local income taxes and the tax deductibility of certain other
items.
Our
estimates are based on the best available information at the time that we
prepare the provision, including legislative and judicial
developments. We generally file our annual income tax returns several
months after our fiscal year end. Income tax returns are subject to
audit by federal, state and local governments, typically several years after the
returns are filed. These returns could be subject to material
adjustments or differing interpretations of the tax laws. Adjustments
to these estimates or returns can result in significant variability in the tax
rate from period to period.
Leases
.
Certain Partner
Drive-Ins lease land and buildings from third parties. Rent expense
for operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the expected
lease term, including cancelable option periods when it is deemed to be
reasonably assured that we would incur an economic penalty for not exercising
the options. Judgment is required to determine options expected to be
exercised. Within the provisions of certain of our leases, there are
rent holidays and/or escalations in payments over the base lease term, as well
as renewal periods. The effects of the rent holidays and escalations
are reflected in rent expense on a straight-line basis over the expected lease
term, including cancelable option periods when appropriate. The lease
term commences on the date when we have the right to control the use of lease
property, which can occur before rent payments are due under the terms of the
lease. Contingent rent is generally based on sales levels and is
accrued at the point in time we determine that it is probable that such sales
levels will be achieved.
Item
7A
. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market
Risk
Sonic’s
use of debt directly exposes the Company to interest rate
risk. Floating rate debt, where the interest rate fluctuates
periodically, exposes the Company to short-term changes in market interest
rates. Fixed rate debt, where the interest rate is fixed over the
life of the instrument, exposes the Company to changes in market interest rates
reflected in the fair value of the debt and to the risk that the Company may
need to refinance maturing debt with new debt at a higher rate. Sonic
is also exposed to market risk from changes in commodity
prices. Sonic does not utilize financial instruments for trading
purposes. Sonic manages its debt portfolio to achieve an overall
desired position of fixed and floating rates and may employ interest rate swaps
as a tool to achieve that goal in the future.
Interest
Rate Risk.
Our exposure to interest rate risk at August 31,
2008 is primarily based on the fixed rate notes with an effective rate of 5.7%,
before amortization of debt-related costs. At August 31, 2008, the
fair value of the fixed rate notes was estimated at $517.3 million versus
carrying value of $574.2 million (including accrued interest). The
difference between fair value and carrying value is attributable to interest
rate decreases subsequent to when the debt was originally issued, more than
offset by the increase in credit spreads required by issuers of similar debt
instruments in the current market. Should interest rates and/or
credit spreads increase or decrease by one percentage point, the estimated fair
value of the fixed rate notes would decrease by approximately $15.4 million or
increase by approximately $16.0 million, respectively. The variable
funding notes outstanding at August 31, 2008 totaled $185.0 million, with a
variable rate of 3.69%. The annual impact on our results of
operations of a one-point interest rate change for the balance outstanding at
year-end would be approximately $1.9 million before tax. We have made
certain loans to our franchisees totaling $5.7 million as of August 31,
2008. The interest rates on these notes are generally between 5.0%
and 10.5%. We believe the carrying amount of these notes approximates
their fair value.
Commodity
Price Risk
.
The Company and
its franchisees purchase certain commodities such as beef, potatoes, chicken and
dairy products. These commodities are generally purchased based upon
market prices established with vendors. These purchase arrangements may contain
contractual features that limit the price paid by establishing price floors or
caps; however, we have not made any long-term commitments to purchase any
minimum quantities under these arrangements. We do not use financial instruments
to hedge commodity prices because these purchase agreements help control the
ultimate cost.
This
market risk discussion contains forward-looking statements. Actual
results may differ materially from this discussion based upon general market
conditions and changes in financial markets.
Item
8
. Financial Statements and Supplementary
Data
The
Company has included the financial statements and supplementary financial
information required by this item immediately following Part IV of this report
and hereby incorporates by reference the relevant portions of those statements
and information into this Item 8.
Item
9.
Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting
and Financial Disclosure
None.
As of the
end of the period covered by this report, the Company carried out an evaluation,
under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management,
including the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer,
of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure
controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-14 under the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934). Based upon that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer
and the Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls
and procedures were effective. There were no significant changes in
the Company’s internal controls or in other factors that could significantly
affect these controls subsequent to the date of their evaluation.
Management's
Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
The
management of the Company is responsible for establishing and maintaining
adequate internal control over financial reporting. The Company’s internal
control system was designed to provide reasonable assurance to the Company’s
management and Board of Directors regarding the preparation and fair
presentation of published financial statements. All internal control systems, no
matter how well designed, have inherent limitations. Therefore, even those
systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance with
respect to financial statement preparation and presentation.
The
Company’s management assessed the effectiveness of the Company’s internal
control over financial reporting as of August 31, 2008. In making
this assessment, it used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring
Organizations of the Treadway Commission in Internal Control—Integrated
Framework. Based on our assessment, we believe that, as of August 31,
2008, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting is effective based
on those criteria.
The
Company’s independent registered public accounting firm that audited the
financial statements included in the annual report has issued an attestation
report on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. This report
appears on the following page.
Report
of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The Board
of Directors and Stockholders of Sonic Corp.
We have
audited Sonic Corp.’s internal control over financial reporting as of August 31,
2008, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework
issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission
(the COSO criteria). Sonic Corp.’s management is responsible for
maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its
assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting
included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over
Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on
the effectiveness of the company’s internal control over financial reporting
based on our audit.
We
conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company
Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require
that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether
effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all
material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of
internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material
weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness
of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other
procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our
audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
A
company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to
provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting
and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance
with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over
financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to
the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly
reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2)
provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to
permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted
accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are
being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of
the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely
detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s
assets that could have a material effect on the financial
statements.
Because
of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not
prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation
of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may
become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of
compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
In our
opinion, Sonic Corp. maintained, in all material respects, effective internal
control over financial reporting as of August 31, 2008, based on the COSO
criteria.
We also
have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting
Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheets of Sonic Corp.
as of August 31, 2008 and 2007, and the related consolidated statements of
income, stockholders' deficit, and cash flows for each of the three years in the
period ended August 31, 2008 of Sonic Corp. and our report dated October 28,
2008 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
Oklahoma
City, Oklahoma
October
28, 2008
No
information was required to be disclosed in a Form 8-K during the Company’s
fourth quarter of its 2008 fiscal year which was not reported.
PART IV
Item
15.
Exhibits and Financial Statement
Schedules
Financial
Statements
The
following consolidated financial statements of the Company appear immediately
following this Item 15:
|
|
Pages
|
|
|
|
|
Report
of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
|
F-1
|
|
Consolidated
Balance Sheets at August 31, 2008 and 2007
|
F-2
|
|
Consolidated
Statements of Income for each of the three years in the period ended
August 31, 2008
|
F-4
|
|
Consolidated
Statements of Stockholders’ Deficit for each of the three years in the
period ended August 31, 2008
|
F-5
|
|
Consolidated
Statements of Cash Flows for each of the three years in the period ended
August 31, 2008
|
F-6
|
|
Notes
to Consolidated Financial Statements
|
F-8
|
Financial
Statement Schedules
The
Company has included the following schedule immediately following this Item
15:
|
|
Page
|
|
|
|
|
Schedule
II - Valuation
and Qualifying Accounts
|
F-32
|
The
Company has omitted all other schedules because the conditions requiring their
filing do not exist or because the required information appears in Sonic’s
Consolidated Financial Statements, including the notes to those
statements.
Exhibits
The
Company has filed the exhibits listed below with this report. The
Company has marked all management contracts and compensatory plans or
arrangements with an asterisk (*).
3.01. Certificate
of Incorporation of the Company, which the Company hereby incorporates by
reference from Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Form S-1 Registration Statement No.
33-37158 filed on October 3, 1990.
3.02. Certificate
of Amendment of Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, March 4, 1996,
which the Company hereby incorporates by reference from Exhibit 3.05 to the
Company’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2000.
3.03. Certificate
of Amendment of Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, January 22, 2002,
which the Company hereby incorporates by reference from Exhibit 3.06 to the
Company’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2002.
3.04.
Certificate of Amendment
of Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, January 31, 2006
, which
the Company hereby incorporates by reference from Exhibit 3.04 to the Company’s
Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2006
.
3.05. Bylaws
of the Company, which the Company hereby incorporates by reference from Exhibit
3.2 to the Company’s Form S-1 Registration Statement No. 33-37158 filed on
October 3, 1990.
3.06. Certificate
of Designations of Series A Junior Preferred Stock, which the Company hereby
incorporates by reference from Exhibit 99.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on
June 17, 1997.
4.01. Specimen
Certificate for Common Stock, which the Company hereby incorporates by reference
from Exhibit 4.01 to the Company’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended August
31, 1999.
10.01. Form
of Sonic Industries LLC, successor to Sonic Industries Inc., License Agreement
(the Number 4 License Agreement), which the Company hereby incorporates by
reference from Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Form S-1 Registration Statement No.
33-37158 filed on October 3, 1990.
10.02. Form
of Sonic Industries LLC, successor to Sonic Industries Inc., License Agreement
(the Number 5 License Agreement), which the Company hereby incorporates by
reference from Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Form S-1 Registration Statement No.
33-37158 filed on October 3, 1990.
10.03. Form
of Sonic Industries LLC, successor to Sonic Industries Inc., License Agreement
(the Number 4.2 License Agreement and Number 5.1 License Agreement), which the
Company hereby incorporates by reference from Exhibit 10.03 to the Company’s
Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended August 31, 1994.
10.04. Form
of Sonic Industries LLC, successor to Sonic Industries Inc., License Agreement
(the Number 6 License Agreement), which the Company hereby incorporates by
reference from Exhibit 10.04 to the Company’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year
ended August 31, 1994.
10.05. Form
of Sonic Industries LLC, successor to Sonic Industries Inc., License Agreement
(the Number 6A License Agreement), which the Company hereby incorporates by
reference from Exhibit 10.05 to the Company’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year
ended August 31, 1998.
10.06. Form
of Sonic Industries LLC, successor to Sonic Industries Inc., License Agreement
(the Number 5.2 License Agreement), which the Company hereby incorporates by
reference from Exhibit 10.06 to the Company’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year
ended August 31, 1998.
10.07. Form
of Sonic Industries LLC, successor to Sonic Industries Inc., License Agreement
(the Number 6NT License Agreement), which the Company hereby incorporates by
reference from Exhibit 10.07 to the Company’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year
ended August 31, 2004.
10.08. Form
of Sonic Industries LLC License Agreement (the Number 4.4/5.4 License
Agreement), which the Company hereby incorporates by reference from Exhibit No.
10.08 to the Company’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended August 31,
2007.
10.09. Form
of Sonic Industries LLC License Agreement (the Number 5.5 License Agreement),
which the Company hereby incorporates by reference from Exhibit No. 10.09 to the
Company’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2007.
10.10. Form
of Sonic Industries LLC License Agreement (the Number 7 License Agreement),
which the Company hereby incorporates by reference from Exhibit No. 10.10 to the
Company’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2007.
10.11. Form
of Sonic Industries LLC License Agreement (the Number 7NT License Agreement),
which the Company hereby incorporates by reference from Exhibit No. 10.11 to the
Company’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2007.
10.12. Form
of Sonic Industries LLC, successor to Sonic Industries Inc., Area Development
Agreement (the Number 6A Area Development Agreement), which the Company hereby
incorporates by reference from Exhibit 10.05 to the Company’s Form 10-K for the
fiscal year ended August 31, 1995.
10.13. Form
of Sonic Industries LLC Area Development Agreement (the Number 7 Area
Development Agreement), which the Company hereby incorporates by reference from
Exhibit No. 10.13 to the Company’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended August
31, 2007.
10.14. Form
of Sonic Industries Services Inc. Sign Lease Agreement, which the Company hereby
incorporates by reference from Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Form S-1
Registration Statement No. 33-37158.
10.15. Form
of General Partnership Agreement, Limited Liability Company Operating Agreement
and Master Agreement, which the Company hereby incorporates by reference from
Exhibit 10.09 to the Company’s Form 10-K for fiscal year ended August 31,
2003.
10.16. 1991
Sonic Corp. Stock Option Plan, which the Company hereby incorporates by
reference from Exhibit 10.5 to the Company’s Form S-1 Registration Statement No.
33-37158.*
10.17. 1991
Sonic Corp. Stock Purchase Plan, amended and restated effective April 2,
2008.*
10.18. 1991
Sonic Corp. Directors’ Stock Option Plan, which the Company hereby incorporates
by reference from Exhibit 10.08 to the Company’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year
ended August 31, 1991.*
10.19. Sonic
Corp. Savings and Profit Sharing Plan, which the Company hereby incorporates by
reference from Exhibit 10.8 to the Company’s Form S-1 Registration Statement No.
33-37158.*
10.20. Net
Revenue Incentive Plan, which the Company hereby incorporates by reference from
Exhibit 10.19 to the Company’s Form S-1 Registration Statement No.
33-37158.*
10.21. Form
of Indemnification Agreement for Directors, which the Company hereby
incorporates by reference from Exhibit 10.7 to the Company’s Form S-1
Registration Statement No. 33-37158.*
10.22. Form
of Indemnification Agreement for Officers, which the Company hereby incorporates
by reference from Exhibit 10.14 to the Company’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year
ended August 31, 1995.*
10.23. Employment
Agreement with J. Clifford Hudson dated August 20, 1996, which the Company
hereby incorporates by reference from Exhibit 10.18 to the Company’s Form 10-K
for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2002.*
10.24. Employment
Agreement with W. Scott McLain dated January 27, 1998, which the Company hereby
incorporates by reference from Exhibit 10.21 to the Company’s Form 10-K for the
fiscal year ended August 31, 2002.*
10.25. Employment
Agreement with Stephen C. Vaughan dated August 20, 1996, which the Company
hereby incorporates by reference from Exhibit 10.23 to the Company’s Form 10-K
for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2002.*
10.26. Employment
Agreement with E. Edward Saroch dated August 14, 2008.*
10.27. Employment
Agreement with Michael A. Perry dated August 20, 2003, which the Company hereby
incorporates by reference from Exhibit 10.22 to the Company’s Form 10-K for the
fiscal year ended August 31, 2003.*
10.28.
Employment Agreement with
Paige S. Bass dated January 31, 2007
,which the Company hereby
incorporates by reference from Exhibit 10.01 to the Company’s Form 10-Q for the
quarterly period ended February 28, 2007.*
10.29. Employment
Agreement with Carolyn C. Cummins dated April 29, 2004, which the Company hereby
incorporates by reference from Exhibit 10.25 to the Company’s Form 10-K for the
fiscal year ended August 31, 2004.*
10.30. Employment
Agreement with Terry D. Harryman dated January 19, 2000, which the Company
hereby incorporates by reference from Exhibit 10.24 to the Company’s Form 10-K
for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2002.*
10.31.
Employment Agreement with
Claudia San Pedro dated January 31, 2007
,which the Company hereby
incorporates by reference from Exhibit 10.02 to the Company’s Form 10-Q for the
quarterly period ended February 28, 2007.*
10.32. Employment
Agreement with Sharon T. Strickland dated January 10, 2008, which the Company
hereby incorporates by reference from Exhibit 10.01 to the Company’s Form 10-Q
for the quarterly period ended February 28, 2008.*
10.33. Employment
Agreement with V. Todd Townsend dated August 18, 2005, which the Company hereby
incorporates by reference from Exhibit 10.26 to the Company’s Form 10-K for the
fiscal year ended August 31, 2005.*
10.34. 2001
Sonic Corp. Stock Option Plan, which the Company hereby incorporates by
reference from Exhibit No. 10.32 to the Company’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year
ended August 31, 2001.*
10.35. 2001
Sonic Corp. Directors’ Stock Option Plan, which the Company hereby incorporates
by reference from Exhibit No. 10.33 to the Company’s Form 10-K for the fiscal
year ended August 31, 2001.*
10.36. Sonic
Corp. 2006 Long Term Incentive Plan which the Company hereby incorporates by
reference from Exhibit No. 10.31 to the Company’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year
ended August 31, 2006.*
21.01. Subsidiaries
of the Company.
23.01. Consent
of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.
31.01. Certification
of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to S.E.C. Rule 13a-14.
31.02. Certification
of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to S.E.C. Rule 13a-14.
32.01.
Certification
of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350.
32.02.
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section
1350.
99.01
Base Indenture dated December 20, 2006 among Sonic Capital LLC and
certain other indirect subsidiaries of the Company, and Citibank, N.A. as
Trustee and Securities Intermediary, which the Company hereby incorporates by
reference from Exhibit 99.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on December 27,
2006.
99.02
Supplemental Indenture dated December 20, 2006 among Sonic Capital LLC
and certain other indirect subsidiaries of the Company, and Citibank, N.A. as
Trustee and the Series 2006-1 Securities Intermediary, which the Company hereby
incorporates by reference from Exhibit 99.2 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on
December 27, 2006.
99.03
Class
A-1 Note Purchase Agreement dated December 20, 2006 among Sonic Capital LLC and
certain other indirect subsidiaries of the Company, certain private conduit
investors, financial institutions and funding agents, Bank of America, N.A. as
provider of letters of credit, and Lehman Commercial Paper Inc., as a swing line
lender and as Administrative Agent, which the Company hereby incorporates by
reference from Exhibit 99.3 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on December 27,
2006.
99.04
Guarantee and Collateral Support Agreement dated December 20, 2006 made
by Sonic Industries LLC, as Guarantor in favor of Citibank N.A. as Trustee,
which the Company hereby incorporates by reference from Exhibit 99.4 to the
Company’s Form 8-K filed on December 27, 2006.
99.05
Parent Company Support Agreement dated December 20, 2006 made by Sonic
Corp. in favor of Citibank N.A., as Trustee, which the Company hereby
incorporates by reference from Exhibit 99.5 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on
December 27, 2006.