Current Report


 
 

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 8-K

CURRENT REPORT
Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

Date of Report (Date of earliest event reported): March 2, 2009

NELNET, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
         
Nebraska   001-31924   84-0748903
(State or other Jurisdiction of Incorporation)   (Commission File Number)   (IRS Employer Identification No.)
     
121 South 13th Street
Suite 201
Lincoln, Nebraska
  68508
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)   (Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (402) 458-2370
 
 
(Former name or former address if changed since last report.)

Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions:

o Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425)

o Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12)

o Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))

o Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c))

 
 

 

1


 

Item 2.02   Results of Operations and Financial Condition.

On March 2, 2009, Nelnet, Inc. (the “Company”) issued a press release with respect to its financial results for the quarter and year ended December 31, 2008. A copy of the press release is furnished as Exhibit 99.1 to this report. In addition, a copy of the supplemental financial information for the quarter and year ended December 31, 2008, which was made available on the Company’s website at www.nelnetinvestors.com on March 2, 2009 in connection with the press release, is furnished as Exhibit 99.2 to this report.

The above information and Exhibits 99.1 and 99.2 shall not be deemed filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”), nor shall such information and Exhibits be deemed incorporated by reference in any filing under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Exchange Act, except as shall be expressly set forth by specific reference in such a filing. In addition, information on the Company’s website is not incorporated by reference into this report and should not be considered part of this report.

Item 9.01 Financial Statements and Exhibits.

(d) Exhibits. The following exhibits are furnished as part of this report:

     
Exhibit    
No.   Description
99.1
  Press Release dated March 2, 2009 – “Nelnet Reports Year-End and Fourth-Quarter 2008 Results; Strong Fee-based Revenue and Improved Liquidity”
99.2
  Supplemental Financial Information for the Quarter and Year Ended December 31, 2008

 

2


 

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.

Dated: March 2, 2009

NELNET, INC.

By: /S/ TERRY J. HEIMES
Name: Terry J. Heimes
Title: Chief Financial Officer

 

3


 

EXHIBIT INDEX

     
Exhibit    
No.   Description
99.1
  Press Release dated March 2, 2009 – “Nelnet Reports Year-End and Fourth-Quarter 2008 Results; Strong Fee-based Revenue and Improved Liquidity”
99.2
  Supplemental Financial Information for the Quarter and Year Ended December 31, 2008

 

4

Exhibit 99.1
Media contact: Ben Kiser, 402.458.3024
Investor contact: Phil Morgan, 402.458.3038
Nelnet Reports Year-End and Fourth Quarter 2008 Results; Strong Fee-based Revenue and Improved Liquidity
LINCOLN, Neb., March 2, 2009 — Nelnet, Inc. (NYSE: NNI) today reported GAAP net income for the fourth quarter of 2008 of $31.0 million, or $0.63 per share, compared with $19.0 million, or $0.39 per share, for the fourth quarter of 2007. Base net income excluding discontinued operations and restructuring, impairment, and certain liquidity related charges for the fourth quarter of 2008 was $15.8 million, or $0.32 per share, compared with $16.6 million, or $0.34 per share, in the fourth quarter of 2007.
GAAP net income for 2008 was $28.7 million, or $0.58 per share, compared with $32.9 million, or $0.66 per share, for 2007. Base net income excluding discontinued operations and legislative, restructuring, impairment, and certain liquidity related charges for 2008 was $81.1 million, or $1.65 per share, compared with $85.3 million, or $1.72 per share, for 2007.
Throughout the year, Nelnet significantly improved its liquidity position by reducing the amount of student loans in its federal student loan warehouse facility from $6.6 billion at December 31, 2007, to $1.4 billion at December 31, 2008.
The company reduced the amount of student loans in this facility by issuing asset-backed securitizations and selling loans. During 2008, the company incurred charges from losses on the sale of loans of $51.4 million, of which $4.0 million were incurred in the fourth quarter. In addition, the company incurred $13.5 million of expenses in the fourth quarter of 2008 related to liquidity contingency planning.
“We are pleased with our 2008 results,” said Mike Dunlap, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Nelnet. “In one of the most challenging financial environments, we were profitable and improved our financial position. Specifically, our fee-based businesses performed well and have considerable operating margins and growth opportunities.”
Last week, the President announced his budget proposal, which includes a request that the federal government originate all education loans through the Direct Lending program and use private corporations only for the servicing of the loans. “While we disagree with this recommendation, the proposal is only the beginning of a budget process that will give us the opportunity to work with Congress to shape the future of the federal student loan programs,” said Dunlap. “We believe Congress will see the value of a student loan program that maintains the benefits of choice and competition and does not contribute significantly to the national debt.

 

 


 

Fee-based Businesses
Total revenue from fee-based businesses for the quarter and year ended December 31, 2008 was $68.7 million and $288.0 million, respectively. In recent years, the company has expanded its products and services generated from businesses that are not dependent on the federal student loan program, including the company’s enrollment services, tuition payment plan, and campus commerce businesses, in order to reduce legislative risk. In 2008, revenue from these businesses increased $25.0 million, or 20 percent, compared with the same period in 2007.
Margin Analysis
For the fourth quarter of 2008, Nelnet reported net interest income of $38.5 million, compared with $44.3 million for the fourth quarter of 2007. Net interest income for 2008 was $187.9 million compared with $244.6 million for 2007.
The company reported core student loan spread of 0.90 percent for the fourth quarter of 2008 compared with 0.93 percent in the same period of 2007 and 1.02 percent for the third quarter of 2008.
Operating Expenses
Operating expenses were $110.2 million in the fourth quarter of 2008 down from $120.3 million for the same period a year ago. For 2008, operating expenses decreased $95.0 million, or 18 percent, year over year to $440.6 million. Excluding restructuring, impairment, and liquidity related charges, operating expenses decreased $74.7 million, or 16 percent, year over year.
Student Loan Assets
At December 31, 2008, net student loan assets were $25.4 billion. Approximately 90 percent of these student loans are financed to term at rates that the company believes will generate cash flow in excess of $1.4 billion.
In addition, Nelnet has liquidity for new loan originations through the Department of Education’s loan participation and put programs, which will allow Nelnet to make loans to all eligible students through the 2009-2010 academic year.
Non-GAAP Performance Measures
A description of base net income and a reconciliation of GAAP net income to base net income can be found in supplemental financial information to this earnings release online at www.nelnetinvestors.com/releases.cfm?reltype=Financial .

 

 


 

Nelnet will host a conference call to discuss this earnings release at 3:00 p.m. (Eastern) on March 3, 2009. To access the call live, participants in the United States and Canada should dial 877.795.3610, and international callers should dial 719.325.4799 at least 15 minutes prior to the call. A live audio Webcast of the call will also be available at www.nelnetinvestors.com under the Events & Webcasts menu. A replay of the conference call will be available through March 13, 2009. To access the replay via telephone within the United States and Canada, callers should dial 888.203.1112. International callers should dial 719.457.0820. All callers accessing the replay will need to use the confirmation code 6429634. A replay of the audio Webcast will also be available at www.nelnetinvestors.com .
This press release contains forward-looking statements and information that are based on management’s current expectations as of the date of this document. Statements that are not historical facts, including statements about the Company’s expectations and statements that assume or are dependent upon future events, are forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties, assumptions, and other factors that may cause the actual results to be materially different from those reflected in such forward-looking statements. These factors include, among others, changes in the terms of student loans and the educational credit marketplace arising from the implementation of, or changes in, applicable laws and regulations, which may reduce the volume, average term, special allowance payments, and yields on student loans under the Federal Family Education Loan Program (the “FFEL Program” or “FFELP”) of the U.S. Department of Education (the “Department”) or result in loans being originated or refinanced under non-FFEL programs or may affect the terms upon which banks and others agree to sell FFELP loans to the Company. The Company could also be affected by changes in the demand for educational financing or in financing preferences of lenders, educational institutions, students, and their families; the Company’s ability to maintain its credit facilities or obtain new facilities; the ability of lenders under the Company’s credit facilities to fulfill their lending commitments under these facilities; changes to the terms and conditions of the liquidity programs offered by the Department; changes in the general interest rate environment and in the securitization markets for education loans, which may increase the costs or limit the availability of financings necessary to initiate, purchase, or carry education loans; losses from loan defaults; changes in prepayment rates, guaranty rates, loan floor rates, and credit spreads; incorrect estimates or assumptions by management in connection with the preparation of the consolidated financial statements; and changes in general economic conditions. Additionally, financial projections may not prove to be accurate and may vary materially. The reader should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this press release.
For more information see the company’s filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The company is not obligated to publicly release any revisions to forward-looking statements to reflect events after the date of this press release or unforeseen events. Although the company may from time to time voluntarily update its prior forward-looking statements, it disclaims any commitment to do so except as required by securities laws.

 

 


 

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income
                                         
    Three months ended     Year ended  
    December 31,     September 30,     December 31,     December 31,     December 31,  
    2008     2008     2007     2008     2007  
    (unaudited)     (unaudited)     (unaudited)              
    (dollars in thousands, except share data)  
Interest income:
                                       
Loan interest
  $ 286,279       304,226       437,128       1,224,678       1,755,064  
Variable rate floor income
          1,580       2,416       42,325       3,013  
Amortization of loan premiums and deferred origination costs
    (21,036 )     (21,338 )     (23,878 )     (90,620 )     (91,020 )
Investment interest
    8,084       9,118       18,988       37,998       80,219  
 
                             
Total interest income
    273,327       293,586       434,654       1,214,381       1,747,276  
 
                                       
Interest expense:
                                       
Interest on bonds and notes payable
    234,868       234,016       390,399       1,026,489       1,502,662  
 
                             
 
                                       
Net interest income
    38,459       59,570       44,255       187,892       244,614  
Less provision for loan losses
    7,000       7,000       4,550       25,000       28,178  
 
                             
 
                                       
Net interest income after provision for loan losses
    31,459       52,570       39,705       162,892       216,436  
 
                             
Other income:
                                       
Loan and guaranty servicing income
    22,526       30,633       32,953       104,176       128,069  
Other fee-based income
    46,082       45,887       44,572       178,699       160,888  
Software services income
    3,892       4,217       5,647       19,757       22,669  
Other income
    462       1,242       1,564       4,760       15,612  
Gain (loss) on sale of loans
    (3,988 )           309       (51,414 )     3,597  
Derivative market value, foreign currency, and put option adjustments
    46,348       6,085       14,940       10,827       26,806  
Derivative settlements, net
    9,668       789       11,577       55,657       18,677  
 
                             
Total other income
    124,990       88,853       111,562       322,462       376,318  
 
                             
 
                                       
Operating expenses:
                                       
Salaries and benefits
    41,262       44,739       54,621       183,393       236,631  
Other expenses
    62,413       52,332       59,256       212,157       219,048  
Amortization of intangible assets
    6,511       6,598       6,412       26,230       30,426  
Impairment expense
                      18,834       49,504  
 
                             
Total operating expenses
    110,186       103,669       120,289       440,614       535,609  
 
                             
 
                                       
Income before income taxes
    46,263       37,754       30,978       44,740       57,145  
 
                                       
Income tax expense
    16,103       13,969       11,810       17,896       21,716  
 
                             
Income from continuing operations
    30,160       23,785       19,168       26,844       35,429  
 
                                       
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax
    837             (159 )     1,818       (2,575 )
 
                             
 
                                       
Net income
  $ 30,997       23,785       19,009       28,662       32,854  
 
                             
 
                                       
Earnings per share, basic and diluted:
                                       
Income from continuing operations
  $ 0.61       0.48       0.39       0.54       0.71  
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax
    0.02                   0.04       (0.05 )
 
                             
Net income
  $ 0.63       0.48       0.39       0.58       0.66  
 
                             
 
                                       
Weighted average shares outstanding
    49,075,755       49,176,436       49,047,048       49,099,967       49,618,107  

 

 


 

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and Financial Data
                         
    As of     As of     As of  
    December 31,     September 30,     December 31,  
    2008     2008     2007  
    (unaudited)  
    (dollars in thousands)  
Assets:
                       
Student loans receivable, net
  $ 25,413,008       26,376,269       26,736,122  
Unrestricted cash and liquid investments
    189,847       325,007       111,746  
Restricted cash, cash equivalents, and investments
    1,158,257       1,129,874       1,009,092  
Goodwill
    175,178       175,178       164,695  
Intangible assets, net
    77,054       83,565       112,830  
Other assets
    841,553       880,122       1,028,298  
 
                 
Total assets
  $ 27,854,897       28,970,015       29,162,783  
 
                 
 
                       
Liabilities:
                       
Bonds and notes payable
  $ 26,787,959       28,004,835       28,115,829  
Other liabilities
    423,712       355,450       438,075  
 
                 
Total liabilities
    27,211,671       28,360,285       28,553,904  
 
                 
 
                       
Shareholders’ equity
    643,226       609,730       608,879  
 
                 
 
                       
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity
  $ 27,854,897       28,970,015       29,162,783  
 
                 

 

 

Exhibit 99.2
For Release: 3/2/09
Media Contact: Ben Kiser, 402.458.3024
Investor Contact: Phil Morgan, 402.458.3038
Nelnet, Inc. supplemental financial information for the fourth quarter 2008
This earnings supplement contains forward-looking statements and information that are based on management’s current expectations as of the date of this document. Statements that are not historical facts, including statements about the Company’s expectations and statements that assume or are dependent upon future events, are forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties, assumptions, and other factors that may cause the actual results to be materially different from those reflected in such forward-looking statements. These factors include, among others, the risks and uncertainties set forth in the “Risk Factors” section of the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008, changes in the terms of student loans and the educational credit marketplace arising from the implementation of, or changes in, applicable laws and regulations, which may reduce the volume, average term, special allowance payments, and yields on student loans under the Federal Family Education Loan Program (the “FFEL Program” or “FFELP”) of the U.S. Department of Education (the “Department”) or result in loans being originated or refinanced under non-FFEL programs or may affect the terms upon which banks and others agree to sell FFELP loans to the Company. The Company could also be affected by changes in the demand for educational financing or in financing preferences of lenders, educational institutions, students, and their families; the Company’s ability to maintain its credit facilities or obtain new facilities; the ability of lenders under the Company’s credit facilities to fulfill their lending commitments under these facilities; changes to the terms and conditions of the liquidity programs offered by the Department; changes in the general interest rate environment and in the securitization markets for education loans, which may increase the costs or limit the availability of financings necessary to initiate, purchase, or carry education loans; losses from loan defaults; changes in prepayment rates, guaranty rates, loan floor rates, and credit spreads; incorrect estimates or assumptions by management in connection with the preparation of the consolidated financial statements; and changes in general economic conditions. Additionally, financial projections may not prove to be accurate and may vary materially. The reader should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this Supplement. The Company is not obligated to publicly release any revisions to forward-looking statements to reflect events after the date of this Supplement or unforeseen events. Although the Company may from time to time voluntarily update its prior forward-looking statements, it disclaims any commitment to do so except as required by securities laws.

 

 


 

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income
                                         
    Three months ended     Year ended  
    December 31,     September 30,     December 31,     December 31,     December 31,  
    2008     2008     2007     2008     2007  
    (unaudited)     (unaudited)     (unaudited)              
    (dollars in thousands, except share data)  
 
                                       
Interest income:
                                       
Loan interest
  $ 286,279       304,226       437,128       1,224,678       1,755,064  
Variable rate floor income
          1,580       2,416       42,325       3,013  
Amortization of loan premiums and deferred origination costs
    (21,036 )     (21,338 )     (23,878 )     (90,620 )     (91,020 )
Investment interest
    8,084       9,118       18,988       37,998       80,219  
 
                             
Total interest income
    273,327       293,586       434,654       1,214,381       1,747,276  
 
                                       
Interest expense:
                                       
Interest on bonds and notes payable
    234,868       234,016       390,399       1,026,489       1,502,662  
 
                             
 
                                       
Net interest income
    38,459       59,570       44,255       187,892       244,614  
Less provision for loan losses
    7,000       7,000       4,550       25,000       28,178  
 
                             
 
                                       
Net interest income after provision for loan losses
    31,459       52,570       39,705       162,892       216,436  
 
                             
 
                                       
Other income:
                                       
Loan and guaranty servicing income
    22,526       30,633       32,953       104,176       128,069  
Other fee-based income
    46,082       45,887       44,572       178,699       160,888  
Software services income
    3,892       4,217       5,647       19,757       22,669  
Other income
    462       1,242       1,564       4,760       15,612  
Gain (loss) on sale of loans
    (3,988 )           309       (51,414 )     3,597  
Derivative market value, foreign currency, and put option adjustments
    46,348       6,085       14,940       10,827       26,806  
Derivative settlements, net
    9,668       789       11,577       55,657       18,677  
 
                             
Total other income
    124,990       88,853       111,562       322,462       376,318  
 
                             
 
                                       
Operating expenses:
                                       
Salaries and benefits
    41,262       44,739       54,621       183,393       236,631  
Other expenses
    62,413       52,332       59,256       212,157       219,048  
Amortization of intangible assets
    6,511       6,598       6,412       26,230       30,426  
Impairment expense
                      18,834       49,504  
 
                             
Total operating expenses
    110,186       103,669       120,289       440,614       535,609  
 
                             
 
                                       
Income before income taxes
    46,263       37,754       30,978       44,740       57,145  
 
                                       
Income tax expense
    16,103       13,969       11,810       17,896       21,716  
 
                             
Income from continuing operations
    30,160       23,785       19,168       26,844       35,429  
 
                                       
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax
    837             (159 )     1,818       (2,575 )
 
                             
Net income
  $ 30,997       23,785       19,009       28,662       32,854  
 
                             
 
                                       
Earnings per share, basic and diluted:
                                       
Income from continuing operations
  $ 0.61       0.48       0.39       0.54       0.71  
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax
    0.02                   0.04       (0.05 )
 
                             
Net income
  $ 0.63       0.48       0.39       0.58       0.66  
 
                             
 
                                       
Weighted average shares outstanding
    49,075,755       49,176,436       49,047,048       49,099,967       49,618,107  

 

2


 

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and Financial Data
                         
    As of     As of     As of  
    December 31,     September 30,     December 31,  
    2008     2008     2007  
    (unaudited)
(dollars in thousands)
 
Assets:
                       
Student loans receivable, net
  $ 25,413,008       26,376,269       26,736,122  
Unrestricted cash and liquid investments
    189,847       325,007       111,746  
Restricted cash, cash equivalents, and investments
    1,158,257       1,129,874       1,009,092  
Goodwill
    175,178       175,178       164,695  
Intangible assets, net
    77,054       83,565       112,830  
Other assets
    841,553       880,122       1,028,298  
 
                 
Total assets
  $ 27,854,897       28,970,015       29,162,783  
 
                 
 
                       
Liabilities:
                       
Bonds and notes payable
  $ 26,787,959       28,004,835       28,115,829  
Other liabilities
    423,712       355,450       438,075  
 
                 
Total liabilities
    27,211,671       28,360,285       28,553,904  
 
                 
 
                       
Shareholders’ equity
    643,226       609,730       608,879  
 
                 
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity
  $ 27,854,897       28,970,015       29,162,783  
 
                 
Non-GAAP Performance Measures
In accordance with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), the Company prepares financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). In addition to evaluating the Company’s GAAP-based financial information, management also evaluates the Company on a non-GAAP performance measure referred to as base net income. While base net income is not a substitute for reported results under GAAP, the Company provides base net income as additional information regarding its financial results.
Base net income is the primary financial performance measure used by management to develop financial plans, allocate resources, track results, evaluate performance, establish corporate performance targets, and determine incentive compensation. The Company’s board of directors utilizes base net income to set performance targets and evaluate management’s performance. The Company also believes analysts, rating agencies, and creditors use base net income in their evaluation of the Company’s results of operations. While base net income is not a substitute for reported results under GAAP, the Company utilizes base net income in operating its business because base net income permits management to make meaningful period-to-period comparisons by eliminating the temporary volatility in the Company’s performance that arises from certain items that are primarily affected by factors beyond the control of management. Management believes base net income provides additional insight into the financial performance of the core business activities of the Company’s operations.

 

3


 

The following table provides a reconciliation of GAAP net income to base net income.
                                         
    Three months ended     Year ended  
    December 31,     September 30,     December 31,     December 31,     December 31,  
    2008     2008     2007     2008     2007  
    (dollars in thousands, except share data)  
 
                                       
GAAP net income
  $ 30,997       23,785       19,009       28,662       32,854  
Base adjustments:
                                       
Derivative market value, foreign currency, and put option adjustments
    (46,348 )     (6,085 )     (14,940 )     (10,361 )     (26,806 )
Amortization of intangible assets
    6,511       6,598       6,412       26,230       30,426  
Compensation related to business combinations
    476       477       655       2,999       2,111  
Variable rate floor income, net of settlements on derivatives
          (1,580 )     (2,416 )     (32,360 )     (3,013 )
 
                             
Total base adjustments before income taxes
    (39,361 )     (590 )     (10,289 )     (13,492 )     2,718  
Net tax effect (a)
    13,776       218       4,474       5,792       346  
 
                             
Total base adjustments
    (25,585 )     (372 )     (5,815 )     (7,700 )     3,064  
 
                             
Base net income
    5,412       23,413       13,194       20,962       35,918  
Discontinued operations, net of tax
    (837 )           159       (1,818 )     2,575  
 
                             
 
                                       
Base net income, excluding discontinued operations
  $ 4,575       23,413       13,353       19,144       38,493  
 
                             
 
                                       
Earnings per share, basic and diluted:
                                       
GAAP net income
  $ 0.63       0.48       0.39       0.58       0.66  
Total base adjustments
    (0.52 )     (0.01 )     (0.12 )     (0.15 )     0.06  
 
                             
Base net income
    0.11       0.47       0.27       0.43       0.72  
Discontinued operations, net of tax
    (0.02 )                 (0.04 )     0.06  
 
                             
 
                                       
Base net income, excluding discontinued operations
  $ 0.09       0.47       0.27       0.39       0.78  
 
                             
     
(a)  
Beginning in 2008, tax effect is computed using the Company’s consolidated effective tax rate for each applicable quarterly period. In prior periods, tax effect was computed at 38%. The change in the value of the put options for prior periods was not tax effected as this is not deductible for income tax purposes.
Limitations of Base Net Income
While GAAP provides a uniform, comprehensive basis of accounting, for the reasons discussed above, management believes that base net income is an important additional tool for providing a more complete understanding of the Company’s results of operations. Nevertheless, base net income is subject to certain general and specific limitations that investors should carefully consider. For example, unlike financial accounting, there is no comprehensive, authoritative guidance for management reporting. The Company’s base net income is not a defined term within GAAP and may not be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other companies. Investors, therefore, may not be able to compare the Company’s performance with that of other companies based upon base net income. Base net income results are only meant to supplement GAAP results by providing additional information regarding the operational and performance indicators that are most closely monitored and used by the Company’s management and board of directors to assess performance and information which the Company believes is important to analysts, rating agencies, and creditors.
Other limitations of base net income arise from the specific adjustments that management makes to GAAP results to derive base net income results. These differences are described below.

 

4


 

Differences between GAAP and Base Net Income
Management’s financial planning and evaluation of operating results does not take into account the following items because their volatility and/or inherent uncertainty affect the period-to-period comparability of the Company’s results of operations. A more detailed discussion of the differences between GAAP and base net income follows.
Derivative market value, foreign currency, and put option adjustments : “ Base net income” excludes the periodic unrealized gains and losses that are caused by the change in fair value on derivatives used in the Company’s risk management strategy in which the Company does not qualify for “hedge treatment” under GAAP. Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 133, Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities (“SFAS No. 133”), requires that changes in fair value of derivative instruments be recognized currently in earnings unless specific hedge accounting criteria, as specified by SFAS No. 133, are met. The Company maintains an overall interest rate risk management strategy that incorporates the use of derivative instruments to reduce the economic effect of interest rate volatility. Derivative instruments primarily used by the Company include interest rate swaps, basis swaps, and cross-currency interest rate swaps. Management has structured all of the Company’s derivative transactions with the intent that each is economically effective. However, the Company does not qualify its derivatives for “hedge treatment” as defined by SFAS No. 133, and the stand-alone derivative must be marked-to-market in the income statement with no consideration for the corresponding change in fair value of the hedged item. The Company believes these point-in-time estimates of asset and liability values that are subject to interest rate fluctuations make it difficult to evaluate the ongoing results of operations against its business plan and affect the period-to-period comparability of the results of operations. Included in “base net income” are the economic effects of the Company’s derivative instruments, which includes any cash paid or received being recognized as an expense or revenue upon actual derivative settlements. These settlements are included in “Derivative settlements, net” on the attached consolidated statements of income.
“Base net income” excludes the foreign currency transaction gains or losses caused by the re-measurement of the Company’s Euro-denominated bonds to U.S. dollars. In connection with the issuance of the Euro-denominated bonds, the Company has entered into cross-currency interest rate swaps. Under the terms of these agreements, the principal payments on the Euro-denominated notes will effectively be paid at the exchange rate in effect at the issuance date of the bonds. The cross-currency interest rate swaps also convert the floating rate paid on the Euro-denominated bonds (EURIBOR index) to an index based on LIBOR. Included in “base net income” are the economic effects of any cash paid or received being recognized as an expense or revenue upon actual settlements of the cross-currency interest rate swaps. These settlements are included in “Derivative settlements, net” on the attached consolidated statements of income. However, the gains or losses caused by the re-measurement of the Euro-denominated bonds to U.S. dollars and the change in market value of the cross-currency interest rate swaps are excluded from “base net income” as the Company believes the point-in-time estimates of value that are subject to currency rate fluctuations related to these financial instruments make it difficult to evaluate the ongoing results of operations against the Company’s business plan and affect the period-to-period comparability of the results of operations. The re-measurement of the Euro-denominated bonds correlates with the change in fair value of the cross-currency interest rate swaps. However, the Company will experience unrealized gains or losses related to the cross-currency interest rate swaps if the two underlying indices (and related forward curve) do not move in parallel.

 

5


 

“Base net income” also excludes the change in fair value of put options issued by the Company for certain business acquisitions. The put options are valued by the Company each reporting period using a Black-Scholes pricing model. Therefore, the fair value of these options is primarily affected by the strike price and term of the underlying option, the Company’s current stock price, and the dividend yield and volatility of the Company’s stock. The Company believes these point-in-time estimates of value that are subject to fluctuations make it difficult to evaluate the ongoing results of operations against the Company’s business plans and affects the period-to-period comparability of the results of operations.
The gains and/or losses included in “Derivative market value, foreign currency, and put option adjustments” on the attached consolidated statements of income are primarily caused by interest rate and currency volatility, changes in the value of put options based on the inputs used in the Black-Scholes pricing model, as well as the volume and terms of put options and of derivatives not receiving hedge treatment. “Base net income” excludes these unrealized gains and losses and isolates the effect of interest rate, currency, and put option volatility on the fair value of such instruments during the period. Under GAAP, the effects of these factors on the fair value of the put options and the derivative instruments (but not the underlying hedged item) tend to show more volatility in the short term.
Amortization of intangible assets : “Base net income” excludes the amortization of acquired intangibles, which arises primarily from the acquisition of definite life intangible assets in connection with the Company’s acquisitions, since the Company feels that such charges do not drive the Company’s operating performance on a long-term basis and can affect the period-to-period comparability of the results of operations.
Compensation related to business combinations : The Company has structured certain business combinations in which the consideration paid has been dependent on the sellers’ continued employment with the Company. As such, the value of the consideration paid is recognized as compensation expense by the Company over the term of the applicable employment agreement. “Base net income” excludes this expense because the Company believes such charges do not drive its operating performance on a long-term basis and can affect the period-to-period comparability of the results of operations. If the Company did not enter into the employment agreements in connection with the acquisition, the amount paid to these former shareholders of the acquired entity would have been recorded by the Company as additional consideration of the acquired entity, thus, not having an effect on the Company’s results of operations.
Variable rate floor income, net of settlements on derivatives: Loans that reset annually on July 1 can generate excess spread income compared with the rate based on the special allowance payment formula in declining interest rate environments. The Company refers to this additional income as variable rate floor income. The Company excludes variable rate floor income, net of settlements paid on derivatives used to hedge student loan assets earning variable rate floor income, from its base net income since the timing and amount of variable rate floor income (if any) is uncertain, it has been eliminated by legislation for all loans originated on and after April 1, 2006, and it is in excess of expected spreads. In addition, because variable rate floor income is subject to the underlying rate for the subject loans being reset annually on July 1, it is a factor beyond the Company’s control which can affect the period-to-period comparability of results of operations.

 

6


 

Variable rate floor income was calculated by the Company on a statutory maximum basis. However, as a result of the disruption in the capital markets beginning in August 2007, the full benefit of variable rate floor income calculated on a statutory maximum basis has not been realized by the Company due to the widening of the spread between short term interest rate indices and the Company’s actual cost of funds. As a result of the ongoing volatility of interest rates, effective October 1, 2008, the Company changed its calculation of variable rate floor income to better reflect the economic benefit received by the Company related to this income taking into consideration the volatility of certain rate indices which offset the value received. For the year ended December 31, 2008, the economic benefit received by the Company related to variable rate floor income was $25.7 million. There was no economic benefit received by the Company related to variable rate floor income for the three months ended December 31, 2008. Variable rate floor income calculated on a statutory maximum basis for the three months and year ended December 31, 2008 was $2.2 million and $44.5 million, respectively. Beginning October 1, 2008, the economic benefit used by the Company has been used to determine core student loan spread and base net income.
Discontinued operations : In May 2007, the Company sold EDULINX. As a result of this transaction, the results of operations for EDULINX are reported as discontinued operations for all periods presented. The Company presents “base net income” excluding discontinued operations since the operations and cash flows of EDULINX have been eliminated from the ongoing operations of the Company.
The following table summarizes the impact of legislative, restructuring, and liquidity related charges to base net income.
                                         
    Three months ended     Year ended  
    December 31,     September 30,     December 31,     December 31,     December 31,  
    2008     2008     2007     2008     2007  
    (dollars in thousands, except share data)  
 
                                       
Base net income, excluding discontinued operations
  $ 4,575       23,413       13,353       19,144       38,493  
Legislative charges, net of tax
                            34,197  
Restructuring charges, net of tax
    (26 )     (3 )     3,270       17,881       12,580  
Liquidity related charges, net of tax (a)
    11,300                   44,070        
 
                             
 
                                       
Base net income, excluding discontinued operations, legislative and restructuring charges (net of tax), and liquidity related charges (net of tax)
  $ 15,849       23,410       16,623       81,095       85,270  
 
                             
 
                                       
Earnings per share, basic and diluted:
                                       
Base net income, excluding discontinued operations
  $ 0.09       0.47       0.27       0.39       0.78  
Legislative charges, net of tax
                            0.69  
Restructuring charges, net of tax
                0.07       0.36       0.25  
Liquidity related charges, net of tax (a)
    0.23                   0.90        
 
                             
 
                                       
Base net income, excluding discontinued operations, legislative and restructuring charges (net of tax), and liquidity related charges (net of tax)
  $ 0.32       0.47       0.34       1.65       1.72  
 
                             
     
(a)  
Liquidity related charges includes the loss on sale of loans of $4.0 million and $51.4 million ($2.5 million and $35.3 million, net of tax), for the quarter and year ended December 31, 2008, respectively, and $13.5 million ($8.8 million, net of tax), in fees paid related to liquidity contingency planning. All of these charges were incurred in order to reduce the amount of loans in the Company’s FFELP loan warehouse facility to reduce exposure related to the facility’s equity support provisions.

 

7


 

Operating Segments
The Company has five operating segments as defined in Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 131, Disclosures about Segments of Enterprise and Related Information (“SFAS No. 131”) as follows: Student Loan and Guaranty Servicing, Tuition Payment Processing and Campus Commerce, Enrollment Services, Software and Technical Services, and Asset Generation and Management. The Company’s operating segments are defined by the products and services they offer or the types of customers they serve, and they reflect the manner in which financial information is currently evaluated by management. The accounting policies of the Company’s operating segments are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008. Intersegment revenues are charged by a segment to another segment that provides the product or service. Intersegment revenues and expenses are included within each segment consistent with the income statement presentation provided to management. Changes in management structure or allocation methodologies and procedures may result in changes in reported segment financial information.
The management reporting process measures the performance of the Company’s operating segments based on the management structure of the Company as well as the methodology used by management to evaluate performance and allocate resources. Management, including the Company’s chief operating decision maker, evaluates the performance of the Company’s operating segments based on their profitability. As discussed further, management measures the profitability of the Company’s operating segments based on base net income. Accordingly, information regarding the Company’s operating segments is provided based on base net income. The Company’s base net income is not a defined term within GAAP and may not be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other companies. Unlike financial accounting, there is no comprehensive, authoritative guidance for management reporting.
In May 2007, the Company sold EDULINX, a Canadian student loan service provider and subsidiary of the Company. As a result of this transaction, the results of operations for EDULINX are reported as discontinued operations for all periods presented. The operating results of EDULINX were included in the Student Loan and Guaranty Servicing operating segment. The Company presents base net income excluding discontinued operations since the operations and cash flows of EDULINX have been eliminated from the ongoing operations of the Company. Therefore, the results of operations for the Student Loan and Guaranty Servicing segment exclude the operating results of EDULINX for all periods presented.
Fee-based Operating Segments
Historically, the Company generated the majority of its revenue from net interest income earned in its Asset Generation and Management operating segment. In recent years, the Company has made several acquisitions that have expanded the Company’s products and services and has diversified its revenue — primarily from fee-based businesses. The Company currently offers a broad range of pre-college, in-college, and post-college products and services to students, families, schools, and financial institutions. These products and services help students and families plan and pay for their education and students plan their careers. The Company’s products and services are designed to simplify the education planning and financing process and are focused on providing value to students, families, and schools throughout the education life cycle. The Company continues to diversify its sources of revenue, including those generated from businesses that are not dependent upon government programs, reducing legislative and political risk.

 

8


 

Student Loan and Guaranty Servicing
The Student Loan and Guaranty Servicing segment provides for the servicing of the Company’s student loan portfolios and the portfolios of third parties and servicing provided to guaranty agencies. The servicing and business process outsourcing activities include loan origination activities, application processing, borrower updates, payment processing, due diligence procedures, and claim processing. These activities are performed internally for the Company’s portfolio in addition to generating fee revenue when performed for third-party clients. The guaranty servicing, servicing support, and business process outsourcing activities include providing software and data center services, borrower and loan updates, default aversion tracking services, claim processing services, and post-default collection services to guaranty agencies. The following are the primary product and service offerings the Company offers as part of its Student Loan and Guaranty Servicing segment:
   
Origination and servicing of FFELP loans
 
   
Servicing of non-federally insured student loans
 
   
Servicing and support outsourcing for guaranty agencies
Tuition Payment Processing and Campus Commerce
The Tuition Payment Processing and Campus Commerce segment provides products and services to help institutions and education seeking families manage the payment of education costs during the pre-college and college stages of the education life cycle. The Company provides actively managed tuition payment solutions, online payment processing, detailed information reporting, financial needs analysis, and data integration services to K-12 and higher educational institutions, families, and students. In addition, the Company provides customer-focused electronic transactions, information sharing, and account and bill presentment to colleges and universities.
Enrollment Services
The Enrollment Services segment offers products and services that are focused on helping (i) students plan and prepare for life after high school (content management) and (ii) colleges recruit and retain students (lead generation). Content management products and services include test preparation study guides and online courses, admissions consulting, licensing of scholarship data, essay and resume editing services, and call center services. Lead generation products and services include vendor lead management services, pay per click marketing management, email marketing, admissions lead generation, and list marketing services.
Software and Technical Services
The Software and Technical Services segment provides information technology products and full-service technical consulting, with core areas of business in educational loan software solutions, business intelligence, technical consulting services, and Enterprise Content Management (ECM) solutions.

 

9


 

Asset Generation and Management Operating Segments
The Asset Generation and Management segment includes the acquisition, management, and ownership of the Company’s student loan assets. Revenues are primarily generated from the Company’s earnings from the spread, referred to as the Company’s student loan spread, between the yield received on the student loan portfolio and the costs associated with originating, acquiring, and financing the student loan portfolio. The Company generates student loan assets through direct origination or through acquisitions. The student loan assets are held in a series of education lending subsidiaries designed specifically for this purpose. In addition to the student loan portfolio, all costs and activity associated with the generation of assets, funding of those assets, and maintenance of the debt transactions are included in this segment. This includes derivative activity and the related derivative market value and foreign currency adjustments. The Company is also able to leverage its capital market expertise by providing investment advisory services and other related services to third parties through a licensed broker dealer subsidiary. Revenues and expenses for those functions are also included in the Asset Generation and Management segment.

 

10


 

Segment Operating Results
The tables below reflect base net income for each of the Company’s operating segments. Reconciliation of the segment totals to the Company’s operating results in accordance with GAAP is also included in the tables below.
                                                                                 
    Three months ended December 31, 2008  
    (dollars in thousands)  
    Fee-Based                                              
    Student     Tuition                                                     "Base net        
    Loan     Payment             Software             Asset     Corporate             income"        
    and     Processing             and     Total     Generation     Activity     Eliminations     Adjustments     GAAP  
    Guaranty     and Campus     Enrollment     Technical     Fee-     and     and     and     to GAAP     Results of  
    Servicing     Commerce     Services     Services     Based     Management     Overhead     Reclassifications     Results     Operations  
Total interest income
  $ 217       218       1       24       460       271,639       2,029       (801 )           273,327  
Interest expense
                (3 )           (3 )     223,867       11,805       (801 )           234,868  
 
                                                           
Net interest income
    217       218       4       24       463       47,772       (9,776 )                 38,459  
 
                                                                               
Less provision for loan losses
                                  7,000                         7,000  
 
                                                           
Net interest income after provision for loan losses
    217       218       4       24       463       40,772       (9,776 )                 31,459  
 
                                                           
 
                                                                               
Other income:
                                                                               
Loan and guaranty servicing income
    22,663                         22,663       (10 )     (127 )                 22,526  
Other fee-based income
          12,460       29,257             41,717       4,365                         46,082  
Software services income
                      3,879       3,879             13                   3,892  
Other income
    7       (285 )                 (278 )     (741 )     1,481                   462  
Gain (loss) on sale of loans
                                  (5,609 )     1,621                   (3,988 )
Intersegment revenue
    18,353       60             1,838       20,251             16,541       (36,792 )            
Derivative market value, foreign currency, and put option adjustments
                                                    46,348       46,348  
Derivative settlements, net
                                  9,668                         9,668  
 
                                                           
Total other income
    41,023       12,235       29,257       5,717       88,232       7,673       19,529       (36,792 )     46,348       124,990  
 
                                                           
 
                                                                               
Operating expenses:
                                                                               
Salaries and benefits
    10,955       5,840       5,678       4,050       26,523       2,159       13,329       (1,225 )     476       41,262  
Restructure expense — severance and contract termination costs
                                        (40 )     40              
Other expenses
    6,792       3,136       20,326       588       30,842       19,886       11,712       (27 )     6,511       68,924  
Intersegment expenses
    6,824       124       965       56       7,969       19,032       714       (27,715 )            
Corporate allocations
    5,873       228       740       705       7,546       319             (7,865 )            
 
                                                           
Total operating expenses
    30,444       9,328       27,709       5,399       72,880       41,396       25,715       (36,792 )     6,987       110,186  
 
                                                           
 
                                                                               
Income (loss) before income taxes
    10,796       3,125       1,552       342       15,815       7,049       (15,962 )           39,361       46,263  
Income tax expense (benefit) (a)
    3,779       1,094       543       119       5,535       2,467       (5,675 )           13,776       16,103  
 
                                                           
Net income (loss) from continuing operations
    7,017       2,031       1,009       223       10,280       4,582       (10,287 )           25,585       30,160  
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax
                                                    837       837  
 
                                                           
Net income (loss)
  $ 7,017       2,031       1,009       223       10,280       4,582       (10,287 )           26,422       30,997  
 
                                                           
 
                                                                               
(a) Beginning in 2008, the consolidated effective tax rate for each applicable quarterly period is used to calculate income taxes for each operating segment.
 
                                                                               
Three months ended December 31, 2008:
                                                                               
Before Tax Operating Margin
    26.2 %     25.1 %     5.3 %     6.0 %     17.8 %     14.6 %                                
Before Tax Operating Margin - excluding restructure expense, loss on sale of loans, liquidity contingency planning fees, and corporate allocations
    40.4 %     26.9 %     7.8 %     18.2 %     26.3 %     24.0 %                                
 
                                                                               
Three months ended December 31, 2007:
                                                                               
Before Tax Operating Margin
    36.9 %     40.4 %     17.9 %     25.5 %     30.7 %     58.1 %                                
Before Tax Operating Margin -
    38.1 %     40.4 %     18.6 %     25.5 %     31.5 %     58.9 %                                
excluding restructure expense
                                                       

 

11


 

                                                                                 
    Three months ended December 31, 2007  
    (dollars in thousands)  
    Fee-Based                                              
    Student     Tuition                                                     "Base net        
    Loan     Payment             Software             Asset     Corporate             income"        
    and     Processing             and     Total     Generation     Activity     Eliminations     Adjustments     GAAP  
    Guaranty     and Campus     Enrollment     Technical     Fee-     and     and     and     to GAAP     Results of  
    Servicing     Commerce     Services     Services     Based     Management     Overhead     Reclassifications     Results     Operations  
Total interest income
  $ 852       1,139       57             2,048       428,935       1,255             2,416       434,654  
Interest expense
                2             2       381,091       9,306                   390,399  
 
                                                           
Net interest income
    852       1,139       55             2,046       47,844       (8,051 )           2,416       44,255  
 
                                                                               
Less provision for loan losses
                                  4,550                         4,550  
 
                                                           
Net interest income after provision for loan losses
    852       1,139       55             2,046       43,294       (8,051 )           2,416       39,705  
 
                                                           
 
                                                                               
Other income:
                                                                               
Loan and guaranty servicing income
    32,947                         32,947       6                         32,953  
Other fee-based income
          11,190       29,970             41,160       2,876       536                   44,572  
Software services income
                138       5,509       5,647                               5,647  
Other income
    (11 )     25                   14       414       1,445                   1,873  
Intersegment revenue
    15,866       180             2,657       18,703             1,432       (20,135 )            
Derivative market value, foreign currency, and put option adjustments
                                                    14,940       14,940  
Derivative settlements, net
                                  11,577                         11,577  
 
                                                           
Total other income
    48,802       11,395       30,108       8,166       98,471       14,873       3,413       (20,135 )     14,940       111,562  
 
                                                           
Operating expenses:
                                                                               
Salaries and benefits
    18,474       5,114       6,994       5,090       35,672       2,501       15,170       623       655       54,621  
Restructure expense — severance and contract termination costs
    609             192             801       485       3,989       (5,275 )            
Other expenses
    10,399       2,379       17,488       771       31,037       6,265       19,153       2,801       6,412       65,668  
Intersegment expenses
    1,871       (20 )     83       225       2,159       15,120       1,005       (18,284 )            
 
                                                           
Total operating expenses
    31,353       7,473       24,757       6,086       69,669       24,371       39,317       (20,135 )     7,067       120,289  
 
                                                           
Income (loss) before income taxes
    18,301       5,061       5,406       2,080       30,848       33,796       (43,955 )           10,289       30,978  
Income tax expense (benefit) (a)
    6,954       1,923       2,054       790       11,721       12,842       (17,226 )           4,473       11,810  
 
                                                           
Net income (loss) from continuing operations
    11,347       3,138       3,352       1,290       19,127       20,954       (26,729 )           5,816       19,168  
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax
                                                    (159 )     (159 )
 
                                                           
Net income (loss)
  $ 11,347       3,138       3,352       1,290       19,127       20,954       (26,729 )           5,657       19,009  
 
                                                           
 
                                                                               
(a) Income taxes are based on 38% of net income (loss) before tax for the individual operating segment.

 

12


 

                                                                                 
    Year ended December 31, 2008  
    Fee-Based                                              
    Student     Tuition                                                     “Base net        
    Loan     Payment             Software             Asset     Corporate             income”        
    and     Processing             and     Total     Generation     Activity     Eliminations     Adjustments     GAAP  
    Guaranty     and Campus     Enrollment     Technical     Fee-     and     and     and     to GAAP     Results of  
    Servicing     Commerce     Services     Services     Based     Management     Overhead     Reclassifications     Results     Operations  
Total interest income
  $ 1,377       1,689       17       24       3,107       1,164,329       6,810       (2,190 )     42,325       1,214,381  
Interest expense
                                  986,556       42,123       (2,190 )           1,026,489  
 
                                                           
Net interest income (loss)
    1,377       1,689       17       24       3,107       177,773       (35,313 )           42,325       187,892  
 
                                                                               
Less provision for loan losses
                                  25,000                         25,000  
 
                                                           
Net interest income (loss) after provision for loan losses
    1,377       1,689       17       24       3,107       152,773       (35,313 )           42,325       162,892  
 
                                                           
 
                                                                               
Other income (expense):
                                                                               
Loan and guaranty servicing income
    104,287                         104,287       16       (127 )                 104,176  
Other fee-based income
          48,435       112,405             160,840       17,859                         178,699  
Software services income
                37       19,707       19,744             13                   19,757  
Other income
    51       (280 )                 (229 )     (448 )     5,437                   4,760  
Gain (loss) on sale of loans
                                  (53,035 )     1,621                   (51,414 )
Intersegment revenue
    75,361       302       2       6,831       82,496             63,385       (145,881 )            
Derivative market value, foreign currency, and put option adjustments
                                  466                   10,361       10,827  
Derivative settlements, net
                                  65,622                   (9,965 )     55,657  
 
                                                           
Total other income (expense)
    179,699       48,457       112,444       26,538       367,138       30,480       70,329       (145,881 )     396       322,462  
 
                                                           
 
                                                                               
Operating expenses:
                                                                               
Salaries and benefits
    51,320       23,290       24,379       18,081       117,070       8,316       54,910       98       2,999       183,393  
Restructure expense — severance and contract termination costs
    747             282       487       1,516       1,845       3,706       (7,067 )            
Impairment expense
    5,074                         5,074       9,351       4,409                   18,834  
Other expenses
    33,922       9,879       76,189       2,489       122,479       35,679       53,975       24       26,230       238,387  
Intersegment expenses
    25,111       478       3,240       37       28,866       74,609       3,733       (107,208 )            
Corporate allocations
    22,626       919       3,401       2,286       29,232       2,496             (31,728 )            
 
                                                           
Total operating expenses
    138,800       34,566       107,491       23,380       304,237       132,296       120,733       (145,881 )     29,229       440,614  
 
                                                           
 
                                                                               
Income (loss) before income taxes
    42,276       15,580       4,970       3,182       66,008       50,957       (85,717 )           13,492       44,740  
Income tax expense (benefit) (a)
    14,321       5,175       1,730       1,021       22,247       18,356       (28,499 )           5,792       17,896  
 
                                                           
Net income (loss) from continuing operations
    27,955       10,405       3,240       2,161       43,761       32,601       (57,218 )           7,700       26,844  
Income from discontinued operations, net of tax
                                                    1,818       1,818  
 
                                                           
Net income (loss)
  $ 27,955       10,405       3,240       2,161       43,761       32,601       (57,218 )           9,518       28,662  
 
                                                           
 
                                                                               
(a) Beginning in 2008, the consolidated effective tax rate for each applicable quarterly period is used to calculate income taxes for each operating segment.
 
                                                                               
Year ended December 31, 2008:
                                                                               
Before Tax Operating Margin
    23.3 %     31.1 %     4.4 %     12.0 %     17.8 %     27.8 %                                
Before Tax Operating Margin - excluding restructure expense, impairment expense, loss on sale of loans, liquidity contingency planning fees, and corporate allocations
    39.1 %     32.9 %     7.7 %     22.4 %     27.5 %     55.5 %                                
 
                                                                               
Year ended December 31, 2007:
                                                                               
Before Tax Operating Margin
    35.3 %     37.2 %     (1.4 %)     26.4 %     25.0 %     40.5 %                                
Before Tax Operating Margin -
    36.2 %     37.2 %     10.3 %     26.6 %     28.6 %     54.8 %                                
       excluding restructure expense, impairment expense, and provision for loan losses related to the loss of Exceptional Performer
                                                       

 

13


 

                                                                                 
    Year ended December 31, 2007  
    Fee-Based                                              
    Student     Tuition                                                     "Base net        
    Loan     Payment             Software             Asset     Corporate             income"        
    and     Processing             and     Total     Generation     Activity     Eliminations     Adjustments     GAAP  
    Guaranty     and Campus     Enrollment     Technical     Fee-     and     and     and     to GAAP     Results of  
    Servicing     Commerce     Services     Services     Based     Management     Overhead     Reclassifications     Results     Operations  
Total interest income
  $ 5,459       3,809       347       18       9,633       1,730,882       7,485       (3,737 )     3,013       1,747,276  
Interest expense
          7       7             14       1,465,883       40,502       (3,737 )           1,502,662  
 
                                                           
Net interest income (loss)
    5,459       3,802       340       18       9,619       264,999       (33,017 )           3,013       244,614  
 
                                                                               
Less provision for loan losses
                                  28,178                         28,178  
 
                                                           
Net interest income (loss) after provision for loan losses
    5,459       3,802       340       18       9,619       236,821       (33,017 )           3,013       216,436  
 
                                                           
 
                                                                               
Other income (expense):
                                                                               
Loan and guaranty servicing income
    127,775                         127,775       294                         128,069  
Other fee-based income
          42,682       103,311             145,993       13,387       1,508                   160,888  
Software services income
                594       22,075       22,669                               22,669  
Other income
          84                   84       4,433       11,095                   15,612  
Gain on sale of loans
                                  3,597                         3,597  
Intersegment revenue
    74,687       688       891       15,683       91,949             9,040       (100,989 )            
Derivative market value, foreign currency, and put option adjustments
                                                    26,806       26,806  
Derivative settlements, net
                                  6,628       12,049                   18,677  
 
                                                           
Total other income (expense)
    202,462       43,454       104,796       37,758       388,470       28,339       33,692       (100,989 )     26,806       376,318  
 
                                                           
 
                                                                               
Operating expenses:
                                                                               
Salaries and benefits
    85,462       20,426       33,480       23,959       163,327       23,101       49,839       (1,747 )     2,111       236,631  
Restructure expense- severance and contract termination costs
    1,840             929       58       2,827       2,406       4,998       (10,231 )            
Impairment expense
                11,401             11,401       28,291       9,812                   49,504  
Other expenses
    36,618       8,901       60,445       2,995       108,959       29,205       77,915       2,969       30,426       249,474  
Intersegment expenses
    10,552       364       335       775       12,026       74,714       5,240       (91,980 )            
 
                                                           
Total operating expenses
    134,472       29,691       106,590       27,787       298,540       157,717       147,804       (100,989 )     32,537       535,609  
 
                                                           
 
                                                                               
Income (loss) before income taxes
    73,449       17,565       (1,454 )     9,989       99,549       107,443       (147,129 )           (2,718 )     57,145  
Income tax expense (benefit) (a)
    27,910       6,675       (553 )     3,796       37,828       40,828       (57,285 )           345       21,716  
 
                                                           
Net income (loss) from continuing operations
    45,539       10,890       (901 )     6,193       61,721       66,615       (89,844 )           (3,063 )     35,429  
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax
                                                    (2,575 )     (2,575 )
 
                                                           
Net income (loss)
  $ 45,539       10,890       (901 )     6,193       61,721       66,615       (89,844 )           (5,638 )     32,854  
 
                                                           
 
                                                                               
(a) Income taxes are based on 38% of net income (loss) before tax for the individual operating segment.
Corporate Activity and Overhead in the previous tables primarily includes the following items:
   
Income earned on certain investment activities
 
   
Interest expense incurred on unsecured debt transactions
 
   
Other products and service offerings that are not considered operating segments
 
   
Corporate activities and overhead functions such as executive management, human resources, accounting and finance, legal, marketing, and corporate technology support
The adjustments required to reconcile from the Company’s base net income measure to its GAAP results of operations relate to differing treatments for derivatives, foreign currency transaction adjustments, amortization of intangible assets, discontinued operations, and certain other items that management does not consider in evaluating the Company’s operating results. See “Non-GAAP Performance Measures.” The following tables reflect adjustments associated with these areas by operating segment and Corporate Activity and Overhead:

 

14


 

                                                         
    Student     Tuition                                  
    Loan     Payment             Software     Asset     Corporate        
    and     Processing             and     Generation     Activity        
    Guaranty     and Campus     Enrollment     Technical     and     and        
    Servicing     Commerce     Services     Services     Management     Overhead     Total  
 
                                                       
    Three months ended December 31, 2008
Derivative market value, foreign currency, and put option adjustments
  $                         (46,348 )           (46,348 )
Amortization of intangible assets
    1,165       1,889       3,258       199                   6,511  
Compensation related to business combinations
                                  476       476  
Variable rate floor income, net of settlements on derivatives
                                         
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax
    (837 )                                   (837 )
Net tax effect (a)
    (408 )     (661 )     (1,140 )     (70 )     16,222       (167 )     13,776  
 
                                         
 
                                                       
Total adjustments to GAAP
  $ (80 )     1,228       2,118       129       (30,126 )     309       (26,422 )
 
                                         
 
                                                       
    Three months ended December 31, 2007
Derivative market value, foreign currency, and put option adjustments
  $                         (16,423 )     1,483       (14,940 )
Amortization of intangible assets
    1,350       1,443       2,895       287       437             6,412  
Compensation related to business combinations
                                  655       655  
Variable rate floor income, net of settlements on derivatives
                            (2,416 )           (2,416 )
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax
    159                                     159  
Net tax effect (a)
    (513 )     (548 )     (1,100 )     (109 )     6,993       (250 )     4,473  
 
                                         
 
                                                       
Total adjustments to GAAP
  $ 996       895       1,795       178       (11,409 )     1,888       (5,657 )
 
                                         
 
                                                       
    Year ended December 31, 2008
Derivative market value, foreign currency, and put option adjustments
  $                         (13,844 )     3,483       (10,361 )
Amortization of intangible assets
    4,751       7,826       12,451       1,057       145             26,230  
Compensation related to business combinations
                                  2,999       2,999  
Variable rate floor income, net of settlements on derivatives
                            (32,360 )           (32,360 )
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax
    (1,818 )                                   (1,818 )
Net tax effect (a)
    (1,590 )     (2,615 )     (4,185 )     (354 )     16,770       (2,234 )     5,792  
 
                                         
 
                                                       
Total adjustments to GAAP
  $ 1,343       5,211       8,266       703       (29,289 )     4,248       (9,518 )
 
                                         
 
                                                       
    Year ended December 31, 2007
Derivative market value, foreign currency, and put option adjustments
  $                         (24,224 )     (2,582 )     (26,806 )
Amortization of intangible assets
    5,094       5,815       12,692       1,191       5,634             30,426  
Compensation related to business combinations
                                  2,111       2,111  
Variable rate floor income, net of settlements on derivatives
                            (3,013 )           (3,013 )
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax
    2,575                                     2,575  
Net tax effect (a)
    (1,936 )     (2,209 )     (4,823 )     (452 )     8,209       1,556       345  
 
                                         
 
                                                       
Total adjustments to GAAP
  $ 5,733       3,606       7,869       739       (13,394 )     1,085       5,638  
 
                                         
     
(a)  
Beginning in 2008, tax effect is computed using the Company’s consolidated effective tax rate for each applicable quarterly period. In prior periods, tax effect was computed at 38%. The change in the value of the put options for prior periods (included in Corporate Activity and Overhead) was not tax effected as this is not deductible for income tax purposes.

 

15


 

Fee-Based Businesses
In recent years, the Company has expanded products and services generated from businesses that are not dependent upon government programs reducing legislative and political risk. This revenue is primarily generated from products and services offered in the Company’s Tuition Payment Processing and Campus Commerce and Enrollment Services operating segments. The only product and service offering in these segments that was affected by the recent student loan legislative developments is list marketing services. Excluding list marketing services, the revenue from these businesses increased $3 million, or 9 percent, and $25 million, or 20 percent, for the quarter and year ended December 31, 2008, respectively. The table below includes the Company’s revenue from fee-based businesses and shows the revenue earned by the Company’s operating segments that are less dependent upon government programs, excluding list marketing services.
                                                                 
    Three months ended December 31,     Year ended December 31,  
    2008     2007     $ Change     % Change     2008     2007     $ Change     % Change  
 
                                                               
Tuition Payment Processing and Campus Commerce
  $ 12,678       12,329       349             $ 50,124       46,484       3,640          
Enrollment Services — Content Management and Lead Generation
    26,225       23,519       2,706               103,014       81,649       21,365          
 
                                                   
 
                                                               
Total revenue from fee-based businesses less dependent upon government programs
    38,903       35,848     $ 3,055       8.5 %     153,138       128,133     $ 25,005       19.5 %
 
                                                       
 
                                                               
Enrollment Services — List Marketing Services
    3,036       6,644                       9,445       22,596                  
Student Loan and Guaranty Servicing
    22,880       33,799                       105,664       133,234                  
Software and Technical Services
    3,903       5,509                       19,731       22,093                  
 
                                                       
 
                                                               
Total revenue from fee-based businesses
  $ 68,722       81,800                     $ 287,978       306,056                  
 
                                                       
Operating Expenses
As a result of the restructuring plans implemented in September 2007 and January 2008, as well as the Company’s continued focus on capitalizing on the operating leverage of the Company’s business structure and strategies, operating expenses decreased $10 million and $95 million for the quarter and year ended December 31, 2008, respectively, compared to the same periods a year ago. Excluding restructuring expense, impairment expense, and liquidity contingency fees, operating expenses decreased $18 million, or 16%, and $75 million, or 16%, for the quarter and year ended December 31, 2008, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2007.

 

16


 

 

                                                                 
    Three months ended December 31,     Year ended December 31,  
    2008     2007     $ Change     % Change     2008     2007     $ Change     % Change  
 
                                                               
Salaries and benefits
  $ 41,302       53,094       (11,792 )           $ 177,724       230,316       (52,592 )        
Other expenses
    55,399       61,920       (6,521 )             223,464       245,558       (22,094 )        
 
                                                   
Operating expenses, excluding restructure expense, impairment expense, and liquidity related fees
    96,701       115,014     $ (18,313 )     (15.9 )%     401,188       475,874     $ (74,686 )     (15.7 )%
 
                                                       
 
                                                               
Restructure expense
    (40 )     5,275                       7,067       10,231                  
Impairment expense
                                18,834       49,504                  
Liquidity related fees
    13,525                             13,525                        
 
                                                       
 
                                                               
Total operating expenses
  $ 110,186       120,289                     $ 440,614       535,609                  
 
                                                       
Student Loans Receivable
Student loans receivable includes all student loans owned by or on behalf of the Company and includes the unamortized cost of acquisition or origination less an allowance for loan losses. The following table describes the components of the Company’s loan portfolio:
                                                 
    As of December 31, 2008     As of September 30, 2008     As of December 31, 2007  
    Dollars     Percent     Dollars     Percent     Dollars     Percent  
Federally insured: (a) (b)
                                               
Stafford
                                               
Originated prior to 10/1/07
  $ 6,641,817       26.1 %   $ 6,780,214       25.7 %   $ 6,624,009       24.8 %
Originated on or after 10/1/07
    960,751       3.8       689,097       2.6       101,901       0.4  
PLUS/SLS
                                               
Originated prior to 10/1/07
    412,142       1.6       428,037       1.6       414,708       1.5  
Originated on or after 10/1/07
    115,528       0.5       85,066       0.3       15,233       0.1  
Consolidation
                                               
Originated prior to 10/1/07
    16,614,950       65.3       17,427,448       66.2       18,646,993       69.8  
Originated on or after 10/1/07
    42,753       0.2       316,031       1.2       251,554       0.9  
Non-federally insured
    273,108       1.1       275,520       1.0       274,815       1.0  
 
                                   
Total
    25,061,049       98.6       26,001,413       98.6       26,329,213       98.5  
Unamortized premiums and deferred origination costs
    402,881       1.6       423,926       1.6       452,501       1.7  
Allowance for loan losses:
                                               
Allowance — federally insured
    (25,577 )     (0.1 )     (24,366 )     (0.1 )     (24,534 )     (0.1 )
Allowance — non-federally insured
    (25,345 )     (0.1 )     (24,704 )     (0.1 )     (21,058 )     (0.1 )
 
                                   
Net
  $ 25,413,008       100.0 %   $ 26,376,269       100.0 %   $ 26,736,122       100.0 %
 
                                   
     
(a)  
The College Cost Reduction Act reduced the yield on federally insured loans originated on or after October 1, 2007. As of December 31, 2008, September 30, 2008, and December 31, 2007, $548.4 million, $221.6 million, and $278.9 million, respectively, of federally insured student loans are excluded from the above table as these loans are accounted for as participation interests sold under an agreement with Union Bank. As of December 31, 2008, $377.1 million of the loans accounted for as participation interests sold under this agreement were originated on or after October 1, 2007, of which $32.8 million were eligible to be participated to the Department under the Participation Program.
 
(b)  
As of December 31, 2008, $637.3 million of federally insured student loans from the above table were eligible to be sold or participated to the Department under the Department’s Loan Purchase Commitment and Participation Programs, of which $622.2 million were participated to the Department under the Participation Program.

 

17


 

Origination and Acquisition
The Company originates and acquires loans through various methods and channels including: (i) direct-to-consumer channel (in which the Company originates student loans directly with student and parent borrowers), (ii) campus based origination channels, and (iii) spot purchases.
The Company will originate or acquire loans through its campus based channel either directly under one of its brand names or through other originating lenders. In addition to its brands, the Company acquires student loans from lenders to whom the Company provides marketing and/or origination services established through various contracts. Branding partners are lenders for which the Company acts as a marketing agent in specified geographic areas. A forward flow lender is one for whom the Company provides origination services but provides no marketing services or whom simply agrees to sell loans to the Company under forward sale commitments. The following table sets forth the activity of loans originated or acquired through each of the Company’s channels:
                                         
    Three months ended     Year ended  
    December 31,     September 30,     December 31,     December 31,     December 31,  
    2008     2008     2007     2008     2007  
Beginning balance
  $ 26,001,413       25,612,126       26,179,970       26,329,213       23,414,468  
Direct channel:
                                       
Consolidation loan originations
    5       44       280,963       69,078       3,096,754  
Less consolidation of existing portfolio
          (27 )     (152,509 )     (28,474 )     (1,602,835 )
 
                             
Net consolidation loan originations
    5       17       128,454       40,604       1,493,919  
Stafford/PLUS loan originations
    306,911       416,721       162,949       1,258,961       1,086,398  
Branding partner channel
    52       334,685       79,416       936,044       662,629  
Forward flow channel
    3       114,488       158,803       517,551       1,105,145  
Other channels
                12,932       55,922       804,019  
 
                             
Total channel acquisitions
    306,971       865,911       542,554       2,809,082       5,152,110  
Repayments, claims, capitalized interest, participations, and other
    (622,702 )     (369,940 )     (208,178 )     (1,877,885 )     (1,321,055 )
Consolidation loans lost to external parties
    (86,194 )     (106,684 )     (173,505 )     (369,145 )     (800,978 )
Loans sold
    (538,439 )           (11,628 )     (1,830,216 )     (115,332 )
 
                             
Ending balance
  $ 25,061,049       26,001,413       26,329,213       25,061,049       26,329,213  
 
                             

 

18


 

Student Loan Spread
The following table analyzes the student loan spread on the Company’s portfolio of student loans and represents the spread on assets earned in conjunction with the liabilities and derivative instruments used to fund the assets.
                                         
    Three months ended     Year ended  
    December 31,     September 30,     December 31,     December 31,     December 31,  
    2008     2008     2007     2008     2007  
Student loan yield
    5.18 %     5.38 %     7.42 %     5.58 %     7.76 %
Consolidation rebate fees
    (0.72 )     (0.72 )     (0.76 )     (0.73 )     (0.77 )
Premium and deferred origination costs amortization
    (0.33 )     (0.33 )     (0.36 )     (0.35 )     (0.36 )
 
                             
Student loan net yield
    4.13       4.33       6.30       4.50       6.63  
Student loan cost of funds
    (3.23 )     (3.29 )     (5.33 )     (3.45 )     (5.49 )
 
                             
Student loan spread
    0.90       1.04       0.97       1.05       1.14  
Variable rate floor income, net of settlements on derivatives
          (0.02 )     (0.04 )     (0.12 )     (0.01 )
 
                             
 
                                       
Core student loan spread
    0.90 %     1.02 %     0.93 %     0.93 %     1.13 %
 
                             
 
                                       
Average balance of student loans
  $ 25,516,571       26,035,006       26,173,480       26,044,507       25,143,059  
Average balance of debt outstanding
    26,121,885       26,769,955       27,507,440       26,869,364       26,599,361  

 

19